Learning Module: Understanding Computer Hardware and Software

Grade 9

Quarter 1 Lesson 2- Module

Title: Computer Hardware and Software
Objectives:
By the end of this module, learners will be able to:
1. Identify and describe the key components of computer hardware.
2. Understand the roles and functions of various types of software.
3. Distinguish between different types of software licenses.

What I know
1. What is the primary function of the CPU in a computer?
A) Store data B) Process instructions C) Connect to the internet D) Manage the
file system
2. Which component is known as the "brain" of the computer?
A) Hard Drive B) RAM C) CPU D) GPU
3. What does RAM stand for in computer terminology?
A) Random Access Memory B) Readily Accessible Module
C) Rapid Application Memory D) Real-time Application Module
4. Which type of software is designed to manage hardware components and provide a platform
for running applications?
A) Operating System B) Database Software C) Productivity Software D) Utility
Software
5. Which of the following is a primary storage device?
A) Solid State Drive (SSD) B) USB Flash Drive C) External Hard Drive D) All of the
above
6. What is the purpose of a GPU in a computer system?
A) Handle graphical and video processing B) Increase the computer’s storage capacity
C) Manage network connections D) Perform arithmetic calculations
7. What type of software is used for creating and editing text documents?
A) Web Browser B) Word Processor C) Spreadsheet Software D) Antivirus Software
8. Which of the following is an example of an open-source operating system?
A) Windows 11 B) macOS C) Ubuntu D) iOS
9. What is the main function of the motherboard in a computer?
A) Store data permanently B) Connect all hardware components
C) Increase processing speed D) Provide wireless connectivity
10. Which of the following is NOT a type of software license?
A) Freeware B) Shareware C) Adware D) Malware
Computer Hardware

Hardware refers to the physical elements of a computer. Also referred to as the machinery or the
equipment of the computer. Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor,
the mouse and the processing unit However, most of a computer's hardware cannot be seen; It's
inside the computer case 1. Introduction to Computer Hardware

1.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU, often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, is

responsible for processing instructions and executing tasks.
The CPU carries out instructions from programs, performing
calculations and logic operations.

1.2 Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a type of volatile

memory used to store data and instructions that are currently being
used or processed by the CPU.
Volatile Memory: RAM loses its data when the computer is turned
off.
Temporary Storage: Provides quick read and write access to data.

1.3 Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

The GPU is specialized for handling graphical and video processing

tasks, providing smoother visuals and enhancing multimedia
experiences.
Graphical Processing: Optimizes rendering of images, videos, and
animations.

1.4 Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all hardware components of the computer,
including the CPU, RAM, and storage devices.
Hardware Connections: Ensures communication between different components.

1.5 Primary Storage Devices

Types:

Solid State Drive (SSD): Faster and more reliable than traditional hard
drives.

USB Flash Drive: Portable storage for easy file transfer.

External Hard Drive: Additional storage that can be used to back up files.

Section 2: Understanding Computer Software

2.1 Operating System (OS)

The OS manages hardware resources and provides services for application software. It is the
most fundamental software on a computer, providing a user interface and system management.
Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Key Points:
Handles system operations and resource management.
Provides security and user interface.

2.2 Open-Source Operating Systems

Example: Linux.
Open-source operating systems are freely
available and modifiable by anyone. They offer a
high degree of customization and community
support.
Key Points:
Encourages collaboration and innovation.
Often used for servers and development
environments.

2.3 Application Software

Application software performs specific tasks for

users, such as word processing, spreadsheet
management, and graphic design.
Examples: Microsoft Word, Excel, Adobe
Photoshop.
Key Points
1. Designed for end-users.
2. Enhances productivity and functionality.

2.4 Web Browsers

Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox,

Safari.Web browsers allow users to access and
navigate the internet. They interpret and display
web pages.
Key Points
1. Different browsers offer various
features and performance levels.
2. Not all software (like Microsoft Word) is
a web browser.
2.5 Malware
Malware is malicious software designed to harm,
exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer
system.
Examples: Viruses, worms, ransomware.
Key Points:
1. Can cause data loss, system damage, or
unauthorized access.
2. Important to use antivirus software and
practice safe browsing habits.

Instructions
Complete the following exercises to test your understanding of computer hardware and software
concepts. Write your answers clearly in the space provided.

Activity 1: Label the Diagram

Label the Components:
Instructions: Below is a simplified diagram of a computer system. Label each component with
the correct name from the list provided.
1.
______________
2.
_________________

5.
________________

Components List:
4.
________________
o Keyboard
o System Unit 3.
o Mouse __________
o Printer
o Monitor

Part 2: Matching Exercise

Match the Term to its Description:
Instructions: Match each term with the appropriate description.
Draw lines to connect each term on the left with its correct description on the right.
 Term Description

A) CPU 1. Provides power to all components

B) RAM 2. Executes instructions and performs calculations

3. Temporary storage for data while the computer is

C) Graphics Card
running

D) Power Supply Unit

4. Renders images and video
(PSU)

E) Hard Drive 5. Long-term storage for data

Part 3: Short Answer Questions

Instructions: Answer the following questions in the space provided.
a. What is the primary function of the operating system in a computer system?
Answer:

b. Name two examples of application software and describe their functions.

Answer:

c. Explain the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory. Provide an example of each.
Answer:

d. What is malware, and what are some common types? How can it impact a computer system?
Answer:

Part 4: True or False

Instructions: Determine if the following statements are True or False. Underline the correct
answer.

1.The CPU is responsible for rendering images and videos.

True False
2. RAM is used for long-term data storage.
True False
3. Linux is an example of an open-source operating system.
True False
4. A graphics card is primarily used for managing network connections.
True False
5. Malware is designed to enhance system performance.
True False

Part 5: Scenario-Based Question

Read the scenario and answer the questions.

Scenario: Sarah’s computer is running slowly, and she notices that her files are disappearing.
She suspects that there might be a virus affecting her system.

1. What type of software should Sarah use to address her issue?

Answer:

2. What preventive measures can Sarah take to avoid future malware infections?
Answer:

Bonus Question
10 pts.
Draw a diagram of a simple computer system, labeling at least five hardware components.
Instructions: Draw and label the following: CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, and
speaker. Draw your diagram in a clean short bond paper.