ACTIVITY AIDS

Learning situations in which students’ participation through direct experiences can be easily incorporated and these are
called activity aids.
COMPUTER AIDED INSTRUCTION (CAI)
 When the computer is used as an aid to teaching, method of instruction is called the computer-aided instructions of
CAI.

THREE MAIN TYPES OF COMPUTER-AIDED PROGRAM:

Types Description

1. Logo It is the instructional procedure for learning the program language through
simple tasks. The simple programs in logo system are concerned with
generating designs on the screen which students do by following the
instructions like that of preparation of a recipe in cooking class.
2. Simulation This CAI program is learning the computer language through gaming and
simulation. Certain simulations are concerned with science experiments in
which outcomes can be got using the computer.
3. Controlled Learning This CAI program is concerned with drill and practice activities

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supplementary to the prescribed curriculum in any subject area. A
controlled learning program provides a course of study in an instructional
sequence on the pattern of branching program.

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ADVANTAGES:
The educational experiments involving CAI indicate that it is emerging as an effective medium of
classroom instruction and training. The main advantages of CAI are as follows:
1) The CAI can be used for handling a large body of students using computer terminals and as many as 4,000 students
can be instructed simultaneously with this instructional procedure and by the time-sharing technique.
2) The CAI provides a highly flexible branching in instruction for looking after the pace, entry cognition and level of
knowledge suitable for particular student. Thus the CAI can individualize classroom instruction.
3) In CAI, the simultaneous testing of each individual can be done by the computer thus relieving the teacher from the
dull chores of correction and record keeping. Also a student cannot cheat during testing by a computer.
4) CAI provides the multi-dimensional learning through words, graphic and problem-solving students.

DEMONSTRATIONS

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  A demonstration is an activity to show ‘how’ and providing proofs for a process or happening. In short, it is a
performance to show a process or activity to others. When a teacher demonstrates, students observe and imitate to
learn. This is a natural way of learning.

STAGES OF DEMONSTRATION:
Learning by watching a thing or process actually happening makes students actively involved in the
activity as demonstration is an interesting performance. A demonstration will be effective if it proceeds in the following
stages:
a. Pre-planning - For a demonstration, all the requisites and pieces of equipment should be gathered. It is
advisable to prepare a checklist of all the things required for the demonstration. Also the teacher must plan the
sequence in which he will inject in his commentary and verbal information.
b. Rehearsal- After having gathered all the material and pieces of equipment for demonstration, the teacher must try
out the demonstration for his own sake. An untried demonstration may fail in front of class, which can be
embarrassing for the teacher. The rehearsal of demonstration will give the teacher an idea about the clarity and
duration of it.
c. Performance –During the classroom instruction the teacher shows the demonstration should be slick, to the point
and with proper explanation of key concept during demonstration. Be friendly and warm in order to establish a
report with students.

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 d. Follow-up- After the demonstration is over, the teacher must ask question and discuss what has been observed by
students. Even students may be asked to perform what has been demonstration to them.

DO’S OF DEMONSTRATION :
In order to perform a demonstration effectively, there are certain points to be kept in mind, which are as follows:
1. Before the demonstration keep everything ready and be well organized.

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 2. Place the pieces of equipment for demonstration high enough for everybody to observe.
3. Present the information sequentially stressing the main ideas.
4. Let the demonstrator proceed smoothly without interruptions. Do not drag a demonstration unnecessarily as
students are likely to loose interest then.
5. Ask question from the students regarding what they have observed.
6. If students have not understood certain ideas during the demonstration, then do it again.
7. Use other teaching aids to supplement your demonstration.
8. Check continually that your demonstration is going on the right track and students are getting the intended ideas.

ADVANTAGES:
Very often teachers find demonstration a good teaching aid to show how things are done, how things
work and how systems operate. This is because of the following advantages of demonstration:
1) Demonstrations are good for acquiring and perfecting operational skills.

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 2) Demonstrations engage student’s attention and operation.
3) Demonstrations encourage student’s participation in learning through questions and answers as the teacher
performs.

DRAMATIZATION
Dramatization is a very potent method of keeping the classroom instruction lively and interesting. When a
teacher dramatizes a lesson, the students become both the spectators and participants. This makes learning easy and
permanent.

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TYPES OF DRAMATIZATION SUITABLE FOR CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION:

Type Description Examples

1. Role The players (students) act out the characters Acting out a family scene in which dowry is
Playing based upon their own knowledge and being demanded from the bride or hazard
impressions of a small incident. A role of alcoholic in a family.
playing act requires no script and rehearsal.
2. Play lets The players stage a small play lasting for 10 The story of Snow white and seven drafts
to 15 minutes with a script preparation and staged by run art sty debts,
costumes.
3. Pageant The players present a colorful enactment of a The story of Indian freedom struggle, being
phase of history with the period costumes. staged.
4. Pantomim The players present a scene in which A street scene in which objects and some
e characters act out loudly with expressions characters are shown by gestures.
and gestures but do not speak.
5. Tableaux The players neither talk nor they act, but A factory scene with workers’ action posed
they only pose different actions. with commentary from the background

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 and spotlight shifting from one pose to
another.

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ADVANTAGES:
The following are the main advantages of dramatization as teaching aid.
1) Dramatization gives an added advantage of students working as both observers (spectators) and doers (participants)
unlike in experiment where they are just doers and in demonstration where they are just observers.
2) Dramatization makes learning a pleasure as children love to act and shoe off.
3) Dramatization involves students totally and they appreciate the lessons and remember it better.

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 4) Dramatization develops the social skill required for them such as cooperation, coordination, punctuality, human
relations, etc.
5) Dramatization makes students creative, sensitive and alert.
6) Dramatization affords the teacher an insight into the personality of students and knows them better.

EXPERIMENT
An experiment is a learning activity in which students collect and interpret observations using measuring
instruments to reach some conclusions.
Some experiments from different subject areas are listed below:
1) Verifying Boyle’s Law of gases.
2) Proving congruence of triangles.

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 3) Finding the height of trees, from triangulation.

ADVANTAGES:
1) The teacher can individually attend students while they are performing an experiment.
2) In group experiments, students learn to work with one another and this results in the inculcations of values of
cooperation and coordination.
3) Experiments help students in manipulating piece of apparatus and instruments.
4) With experiments, the students learn by doing and hence learn better.

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 5) Experiments involve the element of investigation, discovery and finding out. Therefore, the expectancy and curiosity
of children is satisfied.
6) Experiments build scientific attitudes, observational power and ability to draw conclusions.
7) Experiments make students patient, regular and punctual.

MUSEUM

DEFINITION:

A museum is a building displaying a collection of historical relies, antiques, curiosities, work of arts, works of science,
literature and other artifacts of general interest. Museum can be useful both for public education and specific classroom
instruction. Further, education and learning from a museum is under relaxed conditions.

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In our country some famous museum are as follows:
1) National Museum, New Delhi
2) Salarjang Museum, Hyderabad
3) Natural History Society Museum, Mumbai
SETTING UP SCHOOL MUSEUM:

 School have enough space.

 Take the help of students, collect old and new objects and articles.

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  Accepts donations .
 Guided to prepare the exhibits.
 All articles displayed and labeled.
 A detailed report book must maintain.
 Rooms should be well lighted.
 Should be cleaned and maintained timely

EXHIBITION
Many times in the school department of the school or a class setup their work for showing it to the people
outside the school, and such a show called exhibition. The pieces of work done by the students for an exhibition are called
exhibits.
REQUISITES FOR EXIBITION:
 Should be clean and labeled properly.
 The place of exhibition should be well, lighted.
 Should include lot of demonstration.
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  Able to release various subjects areas.

ADVANTAGES:
 It inspire the students.
 It give sense of accomplishment and achievement.
 It develop social skills of communication cooperation.
 It foster creativity among students.

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DISADVANTAGES:
 Require funds on budget.
 Requires thorough preparation.
 Time consuming.

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 ROLE PLAY
 Role playing is the spontaneous acting out of roles in the context of human relations situations, it is a art of two
broad methods.
SOCIODRAMA and PSYCHODRAMA.

DEFINITION:

Role playing is a relatively new educational technique in which people spontaneously act out problems of human relations
and analyze the enactment with the help of others role players and observers.

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PRICIPLES OF ROLE PLAY:
 Flexible.
 Stimulant to think,
 Not escape from the discipline of learning.
 It should be rehearsed.

VALUES OF ROLE PLAY:

 Develop skill in leadership, interviewing and social interaction.
 Develop sensitivity to others feelings.
 Develop skill in group problem solving.
 Develop ability to observe and analyze situations.

LIMITATIONS:
 Places undue emphasis.
 Cannot be used successfully.

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 FIELD TRIP

DEFINITION:

An educational trip is defined as an educational procedure by which the student obtain first hand information by
observing places, objects, phenomena or activities and process in their natural setting to further learning.

ADVANTAGES:
 It breaks monotony.
 It provides real life experiences
 It furnishes first-hand information.
 It provides opportunities in learning attitudes and positive value.
 It arouse interest.
 It serve effective means of correlation.

DISADVANTAGE:
 Time consuming
 Careful planning is required
 Transport problem
 Observation difficulty.

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 CLASSIFICATION OF FIELD TRIPS:

Types Description Specific examples

1. Local School  It is a trip within the school and its  Taking students to the school library to
Trip immediate neighbor to acquaint students know the rules and regulations of drawing
about the potential of learning from the books and library etiquettes.
immediate environment. A school trip is
essential for fresh students to know the
geography of the school; facilities and
services available in the school; and
introduction with the school personnel’s and
staff
2. Community Trip  It is the trip made to a nearby place of  A trip to the local Zoo.
educational interest and it requires some  A trip to the Local Park and garden.
hours or a complete day.  A trip to a local museum.
 A trip to a local factory.
 A trip to a historical place.
 A trip to a poultry farm.
 A local nature hunt trip.
 A visit to bank, railway station, post office,
etc.

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3. Educational Trip  It is the trip made to a distant place  A trip to a far-off historical city to see its
requiring more than one day important land marks and far-off National
Institutions.
 A trip to a dam far-off from the school.
 A trip to see a few important towns enroute
a journey.

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 MONOACTING

Mono acting without any support actor, acting plenty of role with one man that’s called mono acting. In mono
acting a single person acts on stage and gives a performance in front of audience.

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 ADVANTAGES:
 Developing personality and skill.
 DISADVANTAGES:
 Cultural destruction.
 More requires preparation.
 Time consuming.

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 STORY TELLING
Story telling is the conveying of events in words, images and sounds, often by improvisation or embellishment. Stories
or narratives have been shared in every culture as a means of entertainment, education, cultural presentation and in
order to instill moral values. Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include plot, characters and narrative points of
view.

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ADVANTAGES:

 Developing mental, social and educational benefits.

 It creates interest .
 It helps in increasing knowledge.
 It helps in new vocabulary.
 Enhance the listening skills.

DISADVANTAGES:
 More practice .
 Needs more creations.

COLLECTION OF MATERIAL

 Collection of the object is a form to despite the hobbies collection can be of stamp, coins currency archeological
object it depends on the interest of the person. Person can use album, books room for collection.

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 FOLK ACTIVITY

 Folk activity is used to import information and knowledge regarding awareness this help in the region were formal
education is not possible people communicate with form of folk dace, folk song and drama, in the regional
language.

CONCLUSION
The activity teaching aids are really of great value as they put students in a role of active seekers of knowledge. There are
few important activity teaching aids, which helps students to enhance their skill and knowledge.

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