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Steps of Research

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14 views2 pages

Steps of Research

Uploaded by

Thiru Pathi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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STEPS OF RESEARCH

Research is a process involving the collection, organisation and analysis of evidence to increase
understanding of a particular topic. It is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing
knowledge in an innovative way to create new concepts and principles.
According to Creswell, “Research is a process used to collect and analyse information to enhance
our understanding of a topic or an issue."
There are numerous steps to be carried out during the research process, which are discussed as follows:

1. Identification of the Research Problem: The first step in the research process is the identification of
the research problem. It is important on the part of the researcher to have prior knowledge about the
subject or the chosen topic. It starts with deciding the broader area and then moving towards the final
niche topic for research. Example: Obesity in Indian youth is a problem.

2. Literature Review: It refers to studying existing literature on a particular subject or theme. This is the
second crucial step for upcoming steps in the research process where we review prevalent literature
and develop a theoretical and conceptual framework.
Example: Studying the existing studies on the topic of obesity and its related areas in order to make a
better understanding of the problem.

3. Research Objective: Next step in the research process is deciding the research objective that is needed
to be attained throughout the whole process. These research goals generally start with the phrases like
'to determine', 'to find out' to explore, etc.
Example: Determining the reasons behind obesity in Indian youth.

At this point, the researcher becomes clearer with the factors related to the particular research problem.
These variables are called experimental variables.

The dependent variables are those whose value is affected by the independent variables; they change with
any changes in the independent variables.

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4. Formulation of Hypothesis: This step includes predictions about a probable relationship between
the variables that have in mind for the researcher. It is just the assumption that the researcher set
before the actual process of research starts.
The assumption or fact that we already know is called the null hypothesis (Ho), and the one we need
to test is called an Alternative hypothesis (Ha). The primary function of a hypothesis is to bring focus
and clarity to the research proposal.

5. Preparing the research design: at this stage, the researcher makes an outline of the whole
research and answers the questions like what will be the timeline of research, what will be the
methods to collect the data and also what type of data is needed to be collected. The research design
is the overall plan and structure of the research.

6. Data collection: This step includes determining the type of data one needs to collect and how to
collect it. There are various methods of data collection. These are Probability sampling or Non-
probability sampling. In probability sampling, every participant in the sampling process gets an
equal chance of being selected, unlike non-probability sampling.

7. Data Analysis: This step of the research is the analysis of all the data collected through different
sampling techniques. A large volume of data collected is needed to be stored in the form of tables,
charts or graphs. This data is then analysed using Manual data analysis and using computers.
Hypothesis testing is also done here using various techniques like t-test, f-test, chi-square, ANOVA
and regression etc.

8. Generalisation and Interpretation: After analysing the hypothesis and data using different
techniques, the researcher may arrive at the generalisation of the topic. Now, he or she prepares a
theory based on all observations and develops a general idea that could be subsequently utilised in
subsequent research.

9. Report Writing: It is the final step of the report writing process during which the researcher writes
all about the research he or she performed. This report includes the title, introduction, literature
study, way of collecting data and analysis of the data along with its interpretation. The language
used should be formal.

The above steps are needed to be followed during every research process. The researcher needs to be
careful because a small mistake can hamper the whole results of the research.

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