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    Esensi Antropologi

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    1. esensi Antropologi

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    Esensi Antropologi

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    1. esensi Antropologi

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    1. esensi Antropologi

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    1. esensi Antropologi

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    13 views9 pages

    Esensi Antropologi

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    balitripsolution
    1. esensi Antropologi

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Anthropology

    the study of humankind in


    all times and places.
    Achmad Fauzi, M.Psi
    What Is Anthropology?

    Anthropology, the study of humankind everywhere throughout time,


    produces knowledge about what makes people different from one
    another and what we all have in common.
    To study all aspect of human being
    • To fully understand the complexities of human thought, feelings,
    behavior, and biology, it was necessary to study and compare all
    humans, wherever and whenever.
    • More than any other feature, this comparative, cross-cultural, long-
    term perspective distinguishes anthropology from other social sciences.
    • Anthropologists are not the only scholars who study people, but they
    are uniquely holistic in their approach, focusing on the interconnections
    and interdependence of all aspects of the human experience, past and
    present.
    How Do Anthropologists Do What They Do?
    • Anthropologists, like other scholars, are concerned with the description
    and explanation of reality. They formulate and test hypotheses—
    tentative explanations of observed phenomena— concerning
    humankind. Their aim is to develop reliable theories—interpretations or
    explanations supported by bodies of data—about our species.
    • These data are usually collected through fieldwork—a particular kind of
    hands-on research that gives anthropologists enough familiarity with a
    situation that they can begin to recognize patterns, regularities, and
    exceptions. It is also through careful observation, combined with
    comparison, that anthropologists test their theories.
    The Development of Anthropology

    • 2,500 years ago the Greek historian Herodotus chronicled the many different cultures
    he encountered during extensive journeys through
    territories surrounding the Mediterranean Sea and beyond,
    • and nearly 700 years ago far-roving North African Arab scholar Ibn Khaldun wrote a
    “universal history”— anthropology as a distinct field of inquiry is a relatively recent
    product of Western civilization.
    • The first anthropology program in the United States, for example, was established at
    the University of Pennsylvania in 1886, and
    • the first doctorate in anthropology was granted by Clark University in 1892.
    • If people have always been concerned about their origins and those of others, then
    why did it take such a long time for a systematic discipline of anthropology to appear?
    Anthropologists work within
    four fields of the discipline.

    • physical anthropologists focus on humans as biological organisms


    (tracing evolutionary development and looking at biological
    variations),
    • cultural anthropologists investigate the contrasting ways groups of
    humans think, feel, and behave.
    • Archaeologists try to recover information about human cultures—
    usually from the past— by studying material objects, skeletal
    remains, and settlements.
    • linguists study languages— communication systems by which cultures
    are maintained and passed on to succeeding generations.
    Anthropology and Its Fields

    • physical (biological) anthropology (Paleoanthropology,


    primatology, forensik, human growth and development,
    impact of disease, pollution, and poverty on growth)
    • Archaeology (Bioarchaeology, cultural resource management)
    • linguistic anthropology,
    • cultural anthropology (etnografi)
    • Anthropology is an empirical social science based on
    observations or information about humans taken in through the
    senses and verified by others rather than on intuition or faith
    • Practitioners in all four fields are informed by one another’s
    findings and united by a common anthropological perspective
    on the human condition.

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