3/10/24, 2:34 PM Complex Numbers Questions | Complex Numbers Questions with Solutions

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Complex Numbers Questions

Complex Numbers Questions and answers are given here in an easily understandable way.
Students can try solving the questions given here and verify their answers with the solutions
provided. Also, they can practise the additional questions given at the end of the page. Before
practising questions on complex numbers, let’s recall what complex numbers are.

What are complex numbers?

Complex numbers can be expressed as a combination of real and imaginary numbers. The
standard notation of a complex number is given by z = x + iy, where x is the real part of z and iy
is the imaginary part of the complex number z. Also, “i” is called the “iota” and i2 = -1.

If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are two complex numbers such that;

(a + ib) + (c + id) = (a + c) + i(b + d)

(a + ib) – (c + id) = (a – c) + i(b – d)

(a + ib). (c + id) = (ac – bd) + i(ad + bc)

(a + ib) / (c + id) = [(ac + bd)/ (c2 + d2)] + i[(bc – ad) / (c2 + d2)]

Learn more about complex numbers (https://byjus.com/maths/complex-numbers/) here.

Complex Numbers Questions and Answers

1. If z = 2 – 3i, then find z2.

Solution:

Given,

z = 2 – 3i

z2 = z.z

= (2 – 3i)(2 – 3i)

= 2(2) – 2(3i) – (3i)(2) + (3i)(3i)

= 4 – 6i – 6i + 9i2 {since i2 = -1}

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4 – 12i + 9(-1)

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3/10/24, 2:34 PM Complex Numbers Questions | Complex Numbers Questions with Solutions

= 4 – 12i – 9

= -5 – 12i

Therefore, z2 = -5 – 12i.

2. Suppose z = (2 – i)2 + [(7 – 4i)/(2 + i)] – 8, express z in the form of x + iy such that x and y are
real numbers.

Solution:

Given,

z = (2 – i)2 + [(7 – 4i)/(2 + i)] – 8

= (2)2 – 2(2)(i) + (i2) + [(7 – 4i)(2 – i)/ (2 + i)(2 – i)] – 8

= (4 – 4i – 1) + [(14 – 7i – 8i + 4i2)/ (4 – i2)] – 8

= (3 – 4i) + [(14 – 15i – 4)/(4 + 1)] – 8 {since i2 = -1}

= (3 – 4i) + [(10 – 15i)/5] – 8

= (3 – 4i) + (2 – 3i) – 8

= -3 – 7i

This is of the form x + iy such that x = -3 and y = -7.

3. Simplify:

1−2i 2+i
−
3+4i 5i

Solution:

1−2i 2+i
−
3+4i 5i

This can be written as:

1−2i 3−4i 2+i −i

= . − .
3+4i 3−4i 5i −i

2 2
(3−4i−6i+8i ) (−2i−i )
= −
9−16i2 −5i2

(3–10i–8) (−2i+1)
= −
(9+16) 5

(−5−10i) 2 1
= + i–
25 5 5

1 2 2 1
= − − i + i–
5 5 5 5

2
= −
5

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1−2i 2+i 2
− = −
3+4i 5i 5

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3/10/24, 2:34 PM Complex Numbers Questions | Complex Numbers Questions with Solutions

Modulus and Conjugate of a Complex number

If z = x + iy is a complex number then, mod of z is given by |z| = √(x2 + y2).

If z = x + iy then the conjugate of z is z̄ = a – ib.

4. If z1 = 2 + 8i and z2 = 1 – i, then find |z1/z2|.

Solution:

Given,

z1= 2 + 8i and z2 = 1 – i

z1/z2 = (2 + 8i)/(1 – i)

= (2 + 8i)(1 + i)/ (1 – i)(1 + i)

= [2 + 2i + 8i + 8i2]/ [1 – i2]

= (2 + 10i – 8)/ (1 + 1) {since i2 = -1}

= (-6 + 10i)/2

= -3 + 5i

Now, |z1/z2| = √[(-3)2 + (5)2]

= √(9 + 25)

= √34

5. If |z2 – 1| = |z2| + 1, then show that z lies on an imaginary axis.

Solution:

Let z = x + iy be the complex number.

Now, z2 = z.z = (x + iy)(x + iy)

= x2 + ixy + ixy + (iy)2

= x2 + 2ixy – y2 {since i2 = -1}

z2 – 1 = x2 + 2ixy – y2 – 1

= (x2 – y2 – 1) + i(2xy)

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Thus, 2 2 2 2
& |z – 1| = √[(x – y – 1) + (2xy) ]
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= √[(x2 – y2 – 1)2 + 4x2y2]

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3/10/24, 2:34 PM Complex Numbers Questions | Complex Numbers Questions with Solutions

|z|2 + 1 = [√(x2 + y2)]2 + 1

= x 2 + y2 + 1

Given that,

|z2 – 1| = |z2| + 1

So, √[(x2 – y2 – 1)2 + 4x2y2] = x2 + y2 + 1

Squaring on both sides, we get;

(x2 – y2 – 1)2 + 4x2y2 = (x2 + y2 + 1)2

[x2 – (y2 + 1)]2 + 4x2y2 = [x2 + (y2 + 1)]2

[x2 – (y2 + 1)]2 – [x2 + (y2 + 1)]2 + 4x2y2 = 0

As we know, (a – b)2 – (a + b)2 = -4ab,

-4x2(y2 + 1) + 4x2y2 = 0

-4x2y2 – 4x2 + 4x2y2 = 0

4x2 = 0

x=0

Therefore, z lies on the y-axis.

6. Find the conjugate of z1 – z2 if z1 = 2 + 3i and z2 = 5 + 2i.

Solution:

Given,

z1 = 2 + 3i

z2 = 5 + 2i

z1 – z2 = (2 + 3i) – (5 + 2i)

= (2 – 5) + i(3 – 2)

= -3 + i

As we know the conjugate of z = x + iy = x – iy.

Conjugate of z1 – z2 = -3 – i
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7. Simplify: i59

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3/10/24, 2:34 PM Complex Numbers Questions | Complex Numbers Questions with Solutions

Solution:

We know that,

i2 = -1, i3 = -i, i4 = 1

We can write 59 as: 59 = 4 × 14 + 3

So, i59 = i(4 × 14) + 3

= i(4 × 14) . i3

= 1.i3

= -i

Therefore, i59 = -i.

8. Find real x and y if (x – iy) (3 + 5i) is the conjugate of – 6 – 24i.

Solution:

(x – iy)(3 + 5i) = 3x + 5ix – 3iy – 5yi2

= 3x + i(5x – 3y) + 5y {since i2 = -1}

= (3x + 5y) + i(5x – 3y)

Given that (x – iy)(3 + 5i) is the conjugate of -6 – 24i.

Here, the conjugate of -6 – 24i = -6 + 24i.

So, 3x + 5y = -6

5x – 3y = 24

Solving these two equations, we get; x = 3 and y = -3.

9. Find the relation between a and b if z = a + ib if |(z – 3)/(z + 3)| = 2.

Solution:

Given,

z = a + ib

|(z – 3)/(z + 3)| = 2

|(a + ib – 3)/(a + ib + 3)| = 2

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|(a – 3) + ib|= 2|(a + 3) + ib|

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3/10/24, 2:34 PM Complex Numbers Questions | Complex Numbers Questions with Solutions

√[(a – 3)2 + b2] = 2√[(a + 3)2 + b2]

Squaring on both sides, we get;

(a – 3)2 + b2 = 4[(a + 3)2 + b2]

a2 – 6a + 9 + b2 = 4(a2 + 6a + 9 + b2)

4a2 + 24a + 36 + 4b2 – a2 + 6a – 9 – b2 = 0

3a2 + 30a + 27 + 3b2 = 0

a2 + 10a + 9 + b2 = 0

(a2 + 10a + 25) + (b2 + 9 – 25) = 0

(a + 5)2 + b2 = 16

(a + 5)2 + b2 = 42

10. If |z + 1| = z + 2 (1 + i), then find z.

Solution:

Let z = x + iy be the complex number.

Given,

|z + 1| = z + 2 (1 + i)

⇒ |x + iy + 1| = x + iy + 2 (1 + i)

We know,

|z| = √(x2 + y2)

√[(x + 1)2 + y2] = (x + 2) + i(y + 1)

Comparing real and imaginary parts,

⇒ √((x + 1)2 + y2) = x + 2

And 0 = y + 2

⇒ y = -2

Substituting the value of y in √((x + 1)2 + y2) = x + 2, we get;

(x + 1)2 + (-2)2 = (x + 2)2

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x2 + 2x + 1 + 4 = x2 + 4x + 4

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3/10/24, 2:34 PM Complex Numbers Questions | Complex Numbers Questions with Solutions

⇒ 2x = 1

⇒x=½

Therefore, z = x + iy = ½ – 2i.

Practice Questions on Complex Numbers

1. Find the conjugate of complex number (1 – i)/(1 + i).

2. The complex number z = a + ib, where a and b are real numbers, satisfies the equation z2
+ 16 – 30i = 0.

3. Calculate the modulus value of the complex number −2√3 – 2i.

4. Simplify: (1 + 6i) + (6 − 2i) − (−7 + 5i)

5. If [(1 – i)/(1 + i)]100 = a + ib, then find the values of a and b.

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