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National Education Policy-2020: Research and Innovations for Transforming

Higher Education

Article · March 2024

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National Education Policy-2020: Research and Innovations for
Transforming Higher Education
Prasenjit Das* and Gouri Das**

Innovation does not mean incorporating modern development of students may be made feasible by
technologies or discoveries into the curriculum. investigation, study, and innovation in the field of
Instead, it should be designed to foster creativity, education (Kumar et al., 2020).
critical thinking, and problem-solving. It should
also include activities facilitating collaboration and NEP–2020 asserts that instructors serve as
communication between students and teachers. The facilitators for students in the modern educational
individual may slightly deviate from the traditional environment. By continually enhancing their
instructional strategy, which improves how knowledge and proficiency in the subject area, the
effectively the idea’s significance is communicated instructors assist the students in becoming better
(Sarta, 2022). Education that is creative sparks individuals (Umare et al., 2022). Therefore, research
students’ curiosity, which may be better for and innovation are vital for educational institutions
conceptualising (Singh, 2021). The educational study in India, notably higher education institutions. The
reflects the idea’s present popularity on a global world’s finest universities have repeatedly shown that
scale. The professionals have the abilities required the most significant higher education teaching and
to provide high-quality instruction while involved learning occur in environments with a strong culture
in the teaching-learning process (Mishra, 2023). of research and knowledge production; conversely,
Innovation inspires students to use their critical most of the best research in the world has been
thinking skills to address challenging problems. It conducted in interdisciplinary university settings
is easier to build creative problem-solving abilities (Indhu, 2022). Professional perspectives claim that
when one can innovate in mental processes and look innovation makes the educational system more
for uniqueness in everything (Chattopadhyay, 2020). dynamic. The relevance of vocational education is
The essential factor in deciding whether students rising in the current educational system. Vocational
learn anything that counts in the classroom is the training is being improved through innovative
instructors’ ability to creatively combine theory educational strategies. According to the Report on
with practical classroom experience (Pathak, 2021). the UNESCO Forum on Higher Education, Research
Therefore, new discoveries and ideas must be used and Innovation (2001-2009), research is prioritised
realistically to successfully teach and learn in a in various settings, including universities and the
classroom. Research is necessary to comprehend the private sector, in countries with solid innovation
laws, customs, teaching methods, course content, systems (Aithal & Aithal, 2020). As a result of the
and stakeholder participation that help students changing external environment, governments of
achieve their academic potential (Chutia et al., OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
2022). The educators will identify components of Development) Member countries have lately given
educational programmes that effectively support research a level of importance never before given
advanced theoretical knowledge and skills via to it as a critical engine for national development.
innovative research. Research and development Innovations in education, as well as theory and
play a significant role in innovation (Das & Barman, practice of teaching and learning, should prioritise the
2023). It is a financial investment in technology needs of students, parents, the community, society,
and conceivable future capabilities to produce new and its culture. Technology applications need a solid
products, processes, and services. The complete theoretical underpinning based on systematised,
focussed research and efficient education. Research
*Research Scholar, Department of Education, Raiganj and innovation on learning’s cost and efficiency in
University, West Bengal- 733134. Email- pdas1534@gmail. terms of time may be significant (Chattopadhyay,
com. 2021).
**Department of Education, Netaji Subhash Open University,
DD-26, Sector-I, Salt Lake City, Kolkata - 700 064 West An instructional strategy is a theory, command,
Bengal. Email- [email protected] or overall teaching, testing, and evaluation scheme.

20 UNIVERSITY NEWS 62(11) MARCH 11-17, 2024

One of the teaching approaches is one of the education institution (HEI) must create and include
essential components of providing instruction a system of numerous factors in its Institutional
for accomplishing educational objectives is an Development Plan (IDP). Innovations in pedagogy,
instructional strategy, which might be an idea, the calibre and effect of research, professional
direction, method, or overall plan (Nölting et al., development performance evaluations, peer and
2020). To create a more successful instructional student reviews, teaching and other activities, and
design, it is necessary to look at the learners, learning various types of contribution to the institution and
goals, resources, learning context, overall context, the community, must all be included (Das & Barman,
situation, and lecturers’ abilities in choosing the 2021). Research and innovation in education support
learning principles, approach, and setting. When students’ flexible, professional growth. The students
creating instructional strategies, the learning styles can be multitaskers interested in how the educational
of both lecturers and students are considered (Khyat, profession is evolving. The innovative corpus of
2020). The usual instructional strategy based on knowledge has made a substantial contribution
design-based learning, problem-solving, creative to high-quality education. Innovative education
problem-solving, creative thinking, research-based strongly emphasises societal benefits (Das, 2022).
knowledge, problem-based learning, project-based The competitive world encourages inquiry-based
learning, science, or unique teaching techniques and creative learning, diversifying the educational
may provide creative, innovative education. It is process (Suryanarayana & Kumar, 2020). Therefore,
also essential to emphasise instruction that uses this study supports the growth of innovative problem-
practical applications (Banerjee et al., 2021). These solving abilities for tackling organised, targeted
instructional approaches have in common starting solutions to academic problems.
with challenges, finding answers, testing, and
NEP 2020: Research and Innovations for
assessing are all techniques and elements.
Transforming Education
Additionally, by using numerous exciting The NEP 2020 examined the changing culture
concepts to find possible solutions to the difficulties, of the traditional educational system. The teaching-
brainstorming is fostered, and learners are helped to learning process has been centered on the needs and
develop new ideas. According to Aithal & Aithal, interests of the students throughout the last ten years
(2020), human resources, learning organisation, (Sharma & Sharma, 2022). Education is now more
technology, regulation and system organisation, valuable than it formerly was. Students’ confidence
and educational research and development are the has been better fostered by their education. Getting
foundations of innovation and improvement in a degree is not the only outcome of education,
education. Therefore, this investigation highlighted and the vocational education system is one of the
the research and innovations for transformative most innovative. Early professional foundation
higher education in the context of National Education building is facilitated by vocational education.
Policy 2020. The study also sums up the challenges Students are encouraged to discover new methods
of research and innovations in education. to spend time via innovative instructional practices
(Kumar, 2022). The Ministry of Skill Development
Research and Innovation in Education
and Entrepreneurship and the Indian Ministry of
Innovation is built on curiosity, risk-taking, Education are supported in their efforts to improve
and experimenting to test assumptions. Innovation the educational system via NEP 2020 (Pandey &
is built on questioning and critiquing the current Singh, 2021). The following techniques are essential
status quo (Sontakke et al., 2022). It also depends for in-depth research and educational innovation:
on identifying an opportunity and taking advantage Multiple entry-exit systems, Academic Bank of
of it. Education-related innovation may take on Credit, NISHTHA, NIPUN Bharat, Vidya Pravesh,
a variety of forms. It is necessary to conduct and SamgraShiksha (Learning Enhancement Package by
organise research since innovation is its result SamgraShiksha), Dual, joint, and twinning degrees
(Umachagi & Selvi, 2022). Innovation is the result One class one TV channel, PM e-Vidya Diksha (2.9
of research, which is the first stage. Innovation is the lakh online e-Contents in 33 Indian languages),
effective use of this information, while research may SWAYAM, Swayam Prabha, The emphasis on
be described as the science of invention. Each higher Indian languages in engineering colleges and

UNIVERSITY NEWS 62(11) MARCH 11-17, 2024 21

JEE-NEET exams, 13 Indian knowledge system dropout rates, and increase the higher education
centers, vocational courses at IGNOU or NIOS, sector’s Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER). The
PM GatiShakti, Skills hub centers at IITs, and other Academic Bank of Credit (ABC), a virtual/
initiatives are just a few examples. In order to allay digital repository, also details the credits that
their fears, the current educational system encourages particular students have earned during their
pupils to ask questions without reluctance (Goel & academic careers. Students will have a variety
Goel, 2021). The following paragraphs explore the of alternatives for joining and exiting colleges
creative policies and practices for fostering research or universities, as well as the capacity to set up
and innovations: an account (Gupta & Gupta, 2021).
 NISHTHA and NIPUN Bharat • Vidya Pravesh
NISHTHA (National Initiative for School The goal is to support instructors in ensuring
Heads and Teachers’ Holistic Advancement) that children are exposed to a warm and safe
is the world’s most significant teacher-training atmosphere when they enter the school, allowing
initiative. It is an initiative called “Improving their smooth transition, particularly during the
Quality of School Education through Integrated COVID-19 pandemic (Idnani, 2021).
Teacher Training” that seeks to build capacity.
It was created to improve learning results for • PM e-Vidya
primary students. The main objective of this The Ministry of Education’s (MOE) Pradhan
intensive training programme is to encourage Mantri e-Vidya project will make it easier for
and provide instructors with the resources they students and teachers to access digital/online
need to nurture and support students’ critical learning and various instructional resources.
thinking. Additionally, as part of the Samagra The PM e-Vidya scheme has been launched
Shiksha scheme, a comprehensive programme by the Indian government. This proposal states
for the school education sector that runs from that after May 30, 2020, students can take
preschool through class 12, the union education online courses at the top 100 universities in the
ministry launched the NIPUN Bharat Mission, or country.
the National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading
with Understanding and Numeracy. The National • Samagra Shiksha
Education Policy 2020 is in accordance with it. Samagra Shiksha is a comprehensive educational
Every student in India’s classes 1 through 3 will plan available for pre-kindergarten through
be able to display FLN (Foundational Literacy grade twelve students. The strategy aimed to
and Numeracy) abilities by the end of 2026, improve schools’ performance as measured
and more encouraging outcomes have been seen by fair learning outcomes and equal access to
after the start of NEP-2020 (Gupta, 2021). education. The programme’s primary goals
include universal access, equity, and quality,
• Multiple entry-exit methods and the Academic
promoting rationalisation of education, and
Bank of Credit
strengthening teacher education institutions
The Academic Bank of Credit (ABC) was (TEIS) (Gupta & Gupta, 2022).
introduced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on
July 29 as part of the first year of the National • One class, one TV channel
Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The University The Union Education Ministry launched the
Grants Commission (UGC) has developed the “one class, one TV channel” project to provide
ABC, where students will have several access persons without internet connection with access
and departure options. This will allow students to radio and DTH channels. The education sector
enrolled in undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate was among those most severely impacted by the
(PG) courses to quit the course and come COVID-19 pandemic since schools were closed
back within a specific period. Since academic for over two years (Das & Sarkar, 2022).
curricula are adaptable, students may find jobs • Twining, dual, and integrated degrees
upon attaining any level of proficiency and can
continue their studies when it is feasible. They Indian and foreign institutions will work together
can do this to further their education, reduce to develop twinning courses. International

22 UNIVERSITY NEWS 62(11) MARCH 11-17, 2024

 higher education institutions will collaborate planning, and reduce total implementation costs
to develop a dual degree course. A student (Singh & Baghel, 2020).
can pursue two degrees in the same field with
• SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for
equivalent coursework requirements using these
Young Aspiring Minds) and Swayam Prabha
programs.
The Ministry of Human Resource Development
• Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing
established SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active
and Analysis (DIKSHA)
Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) and
An initiative of the National Council for Swayam Prabha on July 9, 2017, to provide a
Educational Research and Training (NCERT) comprehensive platform and gateway for online
under the direction of the MoE, Government courses. This comprises all higher education
of India, DIKSHA is a nationwide platform courses and courses in particular skill sets.
for school education. Nearly all States, Union The objective is to ensure that every student
Territories, and federal autonomous bodies/ in the country can access the best affordable
boards, including CBSE, have adopted DIKSHA higher education available. The SWAYAM
since it was introduced in 2017 by the Honourable Prabha scheme, run by the Ministry of Human
M. Venkaiah Naidu, Vice President of India. Resources Development, intends to provide 32
The CBSE wants to educate instructors in High-Quality Educational Channels through
experiential learning using the Diksha platform, DTH 24/7 across the country. It provides
an innovative pedagogical strategy. This was education based on curricula in a range of
done to ensure the CBSE instructors used the areas. This aims to provide access to top-notch
most effective teaching methods available so educational resources in remote areas where
that the students could quickly acquire and grasp internet connectivity is still problematic.
information. The foundation of DIKSHA is made
• Vocational Education
up of open-source technology developed by
and for India using internet-scale technologies. Education that prepares students for careers
This technology offers numerous use cases and that are traditionally non-academic and entirely
solutions for teaching and learning. related to a particular trade, occupation, or
vocation is known as vocational education.
• PM Gati Shakti
This type of education is also called vocational
The Prime Minister introduced PM Gati education and training (VET), career and
Shakti, a National Master Plan for Multi-modal technical education (CTE), and other similar
Connectivity that functions as a digital platform terms. It is frequently referred to as technical
to bring together 16 Ministries, including the education since the student obtains hands-on
Roads and Railways, for integrated planning expertise with a particular set of techniques
and coordinated execution of infrastructure or technology. Comprehensive vocational
connectivity projects. People, commodities, and education is included in the curriculum. The
services can travel from one mode of transit to primary advantage of vocational education is
another thanks to the multi-modal connection, that it creates positive links between theoretical
providing integrated and seamless connectivity. and abstract notions, breaking up the routine of
It will speed up last-mile infrastructure conventional education.
connection and reduce people’s journey time.
The infrastructure plans of several Ministries These are the government initiatives that give
and State Governments, including Bharatmala, education research and innovation a higher priority.
Sagarmala, inland waterways, dry/land ports, This may make it possible for the pupils’ overall
UDAN, etc., would be included by PM Gati improvement.
Shakti. On July 4, 2021, PM Modi unveiled
The Process of Higher Education and NEP--2020
the Gati Shakti initiative. The release of this
master plan took place on October 13, 2021. A Recognising and developing each student’s
ground-breaking initiative, the PM Gati Shakti unique strengths while developing critical and
programme will enable co-operation between creative thinking abilities to enable rational decision-
several ministries, states, and agencies, streamline making and creativity are the fundamental principles

UNIVERSITY NEWS 62(11) MARCH 11-17, 2024 23

of the National Education Policy. Additionally, communities. The government will be able to
it extensively uses technology for teaching and develop effective and innovative adult education
learning, reducing challenges associated with programmes, furthering the critical objective of
organising and managing education and linguistic obtaining 100% literacy. Faculty members at HEIS
difficulties (Kathi et al., 2022). It promotes the can pursue new service, teaching, and research
idea that outstanding research should come before initiatives as they see appropriate, thanks to the
excellent training and execution. By providing policy (Saxena, 2020). They will be highly motivated
creativity and invention equal standing, the strategy and enabled to generate genuinely exceptional,
seeks to transform India into a vibrant knowledge creative work. Institutions and faculty will be
society while simultaneously improving the bar for allowed to experiment with curriculum, pedagogy,
education (Lata et al., 2022). and assessment challenges within a comprehensive
framework of higher education credentials designed
With the aid of technology and innovation, the to encourage innovation. Technical education and
Open and Distance Learning (ODL) programmes innovation will get more assistance from professional
of the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) engineering, technology, management, architecture,
and State Open Schools will be strengthened and town planning, pharmacy, hotel management, and
expanded to meet better the educational needs other technological sectors. To provide a forum for
of Indian youth who are unable to continue their the free exchange of ideas and the use of technology
education through traditional school. To bridge the to improve learning, assessment, planning,
achievement gap in learning outcomes, classroom administration, and administration of education
activities will switch to competency-based learning in both secondary and higher education, the
and teaching (Shukla et al., 2022). The teaching of National Educational Technology Forum (NETF),
many languages will be improved via innovative an independent organisation, will be created. The
and hands-on methods. Gamification, applications, current pandemic has highlighted the necessity for
and cultural aspects of the languages, such as film, effective alternative education delivery methods.
theatre, storytelling, poetry, music etc., may all be NEP is conscious of both the advantages and
included. It will be suggested that top-performing disadvantages of technology. For online or digital
Indian colleges establish campuses overseas. education, the digital divide must be closed. The
Similarly, select universities, such as those among plan also recommends several crucial initiatives,
the top 100 in the world, would be supported in their such as pilot programmes for online education,
efforts to operate in India (Das, 2023). establishing digital infrastructure, and producing,
Additionally, actions will be taken to support disseminating, and preserving material (Inamdar &
children from SEDGs, particularly SC, ST, and Parveen, 2020).
OBC, in their academic success. This is to encourage
According to NEP 2020, teachers must
more innovation and a more excellent range of
participate in pedagogy and superior content
courses. Throughout the academic years, with the
training. By 2030, interdisciplinary colleges and
foundational stage as the starting point, mathematics,
universities will increasingly take over the role of
and computational thinking will be given priority in
teacher education. The minimum degree requirement
different ways. It will be essential to know them for jobs
for our instructors is a 4-year integrated B.Ed
requiring artificial intelligence. The strategy strongly
degree that includes a range of subject matter and
emphasises the significance of higher education as the
pedagogy. Teachers will have greater latitude in their
basis for knowledge creation and innovation, both of
pedagogical choices to instruct how they feel will be
which support the expansion of the nation’s economy.
most helpful for the children in their courses. Socio-
Consequently, the nation will be more prosperous,
emotional learning, which is crucial for kids’ overall
productive, innovative, and forward-thinking. Higher
development, will also be emphasised by teachers.
education institutions will significantly emphasise
Teachers that increase classroom learning using
research and innovation by building technology
innovative teaching strategies will be recognised.
development centers, research frontiers, and start-up
Teachers will be given the most recent innovations
incubation (Gupta & Choubey, 2021).
and developments in their professions and continual
HEIS will create specialised support structures opportunities for self-improvement. These will
and contests to promote innovation among student be made accessible in various ways, including

24 UNIVERSITY NEWS 62(11) MARCH 11-17, 2024

workshops held locally, regionally, statewide, will be legitimately needed for data collecting. It
nationally, and internationally, and online courses is expensive to use technology or go to different
for teacher development. Pedagogical competence locations to illustrate any concept in an original
and professional growth have advanced through way (Venkatesham & Jagadishwar, 2022).
research and innovation in teacher education.
• Training Requirements for Teachers
Innovative improvements have been made to
well-established educational systems to enhance Occupational skills necessary for the creative
teaching and learning. More actively engaged pupils teaching-learning process must be improved
participate in the instructional process (Kaurav et among the instructors. Students’ deeper
al., 2021). The learners are exposed to more relevant knowledge examination may be encouraged by
knowledge. Research and innovation in education teachers. An innovative and heuristic approach
have made the system more flexible and inclusive. that emphasises successful teaching-learning is
Technology occasionally contributes substantially provided by pedagogical knowledge (Ranjan &
to instructional innovation and research in different Mohapatra, 2023).
ways (Kumar, 2022). The instructors are responsible • Changes in Attitudes among Students and
for identifying the student’s needs and interests. It Teachers
is advised for instructors to use original strategies
to motivate pupils throughout the teaching-learning The ignorance of innovative studies is one of the
process. Students are improving their capacity for problems in education. It takes art to innovate
critical thought, problem-solving, and decision- in the educational sector. Raising academic
making in their academic and personal lives. The standards via innovative education may
growth of knowledge benefits both research and encourage instructors and students to try out
educational innovation. Education might benefit novel ideas. Additionally, a specific pattern of
from innovative instructors. Self-motivation is also the teaching-learning process may be the focus
essential for educational research and innovation of instructors and pupils (Maurya & Ahmed,
(Kurien & Chandramana, 2020). 2020).
• Time-consuming
Challenges of Research and Innovation in
Education The most time-consuming activities and those
that call for the greatest amount of patience are
• Learners' and instructors' low levels of interest research and creative schooling.
It is possible that the professors will not
motivate youngsters to attempt new things. Conclusion
Students sometimes needed help to show a Professional education must include both
drive to independently research new concepts innovation and research. Their main objective is
or brainstorm. Both instructors and students are to go thoroughly into a subject to learn something
unprepared to show creativity throughout the applicable to that specific company that will be
teaching-learning process and lack the desire to helpful to everyone. It emphasises the systematic
attempt something new. The emphasis of self- pursuit of information to learn something new in
learning is that students investigate according a particular field for later application, enhancing
to their interests. Traditional schooling may individual educational researchers’ processes and
be persuaded to adhere to the standards’ rules lives. It becomes significant for its promotion in
(Singh, 2020). numerous professions, whether linked to education,
physicians, attorneys, or any other topic since it
• Lack of Infrastructure helps knowledge growth, practical improvement,
The essential infrastructural facilities, such and policy information. It would also be great if the
as flexible administrative supports, necessary experts could see possible issues with their student’s
instruments or tools for education, etc., must be learning process and devise creative remedies.
supplied for a practical and creative teaching- Notably, the policy sought to enhance learning
learning process (Kazmi & Ali, 2021). Nowadays, outcomes by including problem-solving and critical
educational sectors do not reasonably get pricey thinking and enabling schools and institutions
infrastructural utilities. Therefore, Financial help to modify their programmes within the larger

UNIVERSITY NEWS 62(11) MARCH 11-17, 2024 25

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