UNiT-1

CoNCGPTS of NEASOREMEvts
charaateid
)Explais he statie with
DDesesde the tucionel ohen a
Oarple.
meaburerent y8em
nstwnent

Dala
Sfosge
which the cinstuTÜnt heads
pprachos the t e oluo
Psseision
Pimey
elemt tMauetVaie/:
Ser'honuaa
Rato n elorot
Doa
tpiasena
Hon
|ekmst, co nsistency oy sefpelabiliy
Sensiny elemsrt
piimat,
Ah lerment ot an nstnnt P Kn -
with the qant ty c alled whese P, - Pssision
primagy seryng elnent. Xn = Valeot nmaesulent
Vaialsk nveLon element maasoel vale
* Op at the pTmay Senyngy
elemnt co eleetical fexm Such
volfoey Aguny any ottat Ta aleebvaie dH blw
he idiceled Value H
eletiical paamslas. elematue Value.
Vaiade manyulatien elemst

elementrniplate He signa whese eoY

psesery the Osiginas raae Ara -Measwed vale
te Signad
Dta tansonission elemenl At = True Value..
x when tha elermauts, t ta
systen phgscaly, Sepakd
to toonmit S

ano th. whee,

Ago chang in Pguoaiy
 DGross eloS Dithostic Mean Meia

huncn beig.

Keadu ,eurdhgs and

Caleletig Ses lbs. whe
aithneic man
xlso alled paAoral es. ta kes
Xn =nsadirg
ystermatie eliors . desdiga.
Occs due to ghotoa) oviafon fsom meen
nstument the
chaotesishes ot the moti di =;
iostuat. where
3)Lng tumenlal eas - - aithnefc meen.
Occs clue to mechaical3slanoesl teyiaton
Stouclae at ha nstumat.
good instswsat
seot in abnoral way Gies
mislandss iesulte.
49) Pundom esters
Sone eiors sfll esul 4) Avee Devation
hsougs he Systematie Dldil
hadusd .
 UNIT(n)
MaAsUREMENT Of PAMETERS N ELECTRIcAL SYSTens
ovig Zron type costsonont 2) Theucton type eneg metu
-Piston
ale
S c a

Shnmagrat

Supy
Volage
Cunnt

ypa Seiss magut

Moving ion epulsion
Thega instrnent hoQ | ) DIiving sysBan
sdetha coi) or elbtioagels wh
ovanes
thes s oveble. * two

Rociad vane Bepulsion type lomindtions.

Varas adial ghis b4 Load custant whieh prdua
ATwo
ion ux.
ized vane ês attachat o@0Meving Sy8tem
he sp)ndle and Buspandoe is alwiniwn e
Hha iducton
coi. shaft
S hun magres
Torqe latoo
Peanent magret
de naas che alniniu
k platad machanen.
duse foY bra kubg
 ) otential transte
ussont coil Jeavy line To

yBesswre coi) Hoor

pimg
V
Seeondey

23isase.
(A
Ammot
Cusset trasdormes
where,

I ant though N
a s e t col

Ip> usent thhough

Psesswe coi Ctent and nehes
tens helaionshiP foy
lCrnt tsans fome.
o6que eqyatton.
Po tential tiausfoymes,:
da

Avesngo doflezkien toya Vo ltmet ad

VolBag
4

VI
W Vpe Co V2 Nz

Vo l4aqes
ase dueed i a Axad
þroporon .tor the neeset
psse with th hels o4
PT.
To ’Ac De BPAD&66
heatstone bridge 2) kevìo's lobb brid

A b 3 a

23

Ebe supply)

P+Re
Baloned Condiion,

T2 =D, = atbtg

Esi=I P3t atblytt

Ei5 Es13
 Morwol's bridge 4D Scheing bridge

Detecory HDebcto t
D

At Balaned Conoisn,
A balanced conditon

-eualing inoginary temg.

Zu =
L P2 L3

aauatisg Aeal fems,

P

(ie,Jw)
wCx =

L = P223c Cx

Pocoag fauta
 Tanaluses fos eQNo nerrt af non- eleetsical
KMochanical Pseste 2) Pjezoelectric tanslues
measreng elomenls
ci)Diaphsam
ore
embe
tyre
<Bas

6) Corugaleot type. P= P+Pz

x Used as gingle
tor high acecarg and get
dynamic sesponse, -(kitkz)
Poinba P
P
Tip

P
P
Bouscey
tube. where,
P_torce procluasd eztsl
PAsseue.

ie
Pesse
a usved
metallie tube having P foru o pa
eliptical GrOSS - Seeton and walo
Salled at ona end
2) LVDT SneoS

|.

Ac inpt
eeeeeee
CoTe
Displaumont
Esi Esz
leEout basad progs tansnlte (os)
Output uave for atuaas suppouh3
Cormmwicetten with hwle
land dig leliziny. otput
and ioproving pesfomane
th Snat sen by
Correthg proass Vatiablas
Cose po siton
VDt Congse
a Sngk
disialiy
Output
ot th transdue
Primay windsg P, and
two sekon day windg S)Stansdues is analoj and
and Sz. has convesled to igilad
wound on hollo
torm by aíD conveskr
yldica! fomel.
Es >Es Accorug to prog Yenme
|Cooe, fthe micopro CAso
Magnetie
Sonds data de he netost
than fight hand siole.
Esz > Es)
Magnetic ay lihs wt oteifae
right hand coilthas
theleftright
hand side
 DSo.

1/p

Kootol
Data Cogges

Dac
anplife,
eliminaled cometoly.
Tput Signad É han Data logg ca
appljed to vertic aplifo. any eletial ts
Data set is praesee trorn alhot ll tha toyahug
t
by microproLessoy anel Ciltes cçcuik ae als
than so to tha cispy useel to deove
Onee iput si gnal s Sgnal an ipple volag
Sampled, /D Con vetla uppress ion,
digiti ses ib.
Lnput gennes ch
sígnal is than capud atomate Sutel eh
cn the Sebel eah siznal
intun
fo ceptere digital signe eeal dima clock s usod
autemate the Sysjen,
 Digi hal Volmeta Sono polentunet]
Seroolr
VP JDecimal
cowste)
Pse
mplife
Diglat Schnit
aphy trigge
Shding
Ref vollag
Unknon Drtesnd
Vol4oge schittHoHd
(i )Succesive appirmatton DVy
Ssnal wvaforn ohose
UKnwn
wollase 2
Low |seguerag s to be measad
s convotad into drigges.
DAC puse and appljoo! cotis
uosly to one oput of ay
|Befeuna
Digial dliy Hhe
To the othes Gput
gae, a pulse y l soe
Tnput volag to be is appliecl .
neaswsed is applied to one
maehan cal chapes
pulses ane cownteel a
Side o Ahe otput esisal
type compato. afa oss peiod ay Isoe
lterg and atenateig
fo Suable loe.
pos Hon ot fhe slidas in diate tha Aisquony o
Canaet dacioles the vale a sigral.
feekbek volfag
The output signa s