ADAPTIVE TEACHING GUIDE Template

MET # INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Lesson # Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses and Kinds of Quantitative Research

Prerequisite Content-knowledge:

The students must recall the characteristics, strength and weaknesses of qualitative research.

Prerequisite Skill:

The students must perfom the basic statistical tools.

Prerequisites Assessment: ( Prompting connection to Prior Knowledge)

The student will answer a 10-item multiple choices containing the topics discussed in qualitative research and
basic statistical concepts and tools.
1. Which of the following best describes the nature of data in qualitative research?
A) Quantifiable and numerical
B) Subjective and descriptive
C) Objective and measurable
D) Statistical and conclusive
Answer: Subjective and descriptive
2. What is a key characteristic of qualitative research in terms of the research approach?
A) Focus on statistical analysis
B) Emphasis on hypothesis testing
C) Exploration and understanding of phenomena
D) Use of large sample sizes
Answer: C) Exploration and understanding of phenomena
3. Which of the following is a common feature of data collection methods in qualitative research?
A) Standardized questionnaires
B) Closed-ended questions
C) In-depth interviews
D) Random sampling techniques
Answer: C) In-depth interviews
4. True or False: Qualitative research often involves the researcher's interpretation of data based on the
participants' perspectives.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A) True
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research in terms of data analysis?
A) Emphasis on statistical significance
B) Use of inferential statistics
C) Identification of themes and patterns
D) Generalization of findings
Answer: C) Identification of themes and patterns

1. Which statistical tool is used to summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset?
A) Inferential Statistics
B) Descriptive Statistics
C) Hypothesis Testing
D) Regression Analysis
Answer: Descriptive Statistics
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 2. What are the three main measures of central tendency in descriptive statistics?
A) Mode, Median, Range
B) Mean, Median, Standard Deviation
C) Mean, Median, Mode
D) Standard Deviation, Range, Mean
Answer: C) Mean, Median, Mode

3. What does the standard deviation measure in a dataset?

A) The range of values
B) The most frequently occurring value
C) The spread of data around the mean
D) The middle value of the dataset
Answer: C) The spread of data around the mean

4. Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values or outliers in a dataset?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range
Answer: A) Mean

5. Which statistical measure should be used if the data is skewed or has extreme values, making the mean less
reliable?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range
Answer: Median

Pre-lesson Remediation Activity:

1. For Students with an Insufficient Level of Prerequisite Content-knowledge and/or Skill(s):
They will be provided additional reading materials about the prerequisite topics.

2. For Students with a Fairly Sufficient Level of Prerequisite Content-knowledge and/or Skill(s):
They will be provided additional reading materials about the prerequisite topics.

READING MATERIALS FOR INSUFFICIENT AND FAIRLY SUFFICIENT LEVEL

Important ideas about Qualitative Research:

 Data Type: Non-numeric data (words, images, sounds).

 Purpose: Understanding subjective experiences, opinions, attitudes.
 Methods: Interviews, observations, focus groups, documents.
 Analysis: Interpretive, thematic analysis, grounded theory.
 Focus: Meaning, subjectivity, lived experiences, social reality.
 Sample Size: Smaller due to in-depth analysis.
 Outcome: Subjective conclusions, rich descriptions, new insights.
 Advantages: Flexibility, creativity, in-depth understanding.
 Limitations: Subjectivity, smaller sample size, time-consuming.

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 BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Descriptive statistics refer to a set of statistical measures that summarize and describe features of a dataset.
These statistics provide simple summaries about the sample and the observations made, helping to understand
and interpret the data. Some common descriptive statistics include measures of central tendency and measures
of variability.

Measures of Central Tendency:

1. Mean (Average): The sum of all values in a dataset divided by the total number of values. It gives a sense of the
central value.
2. Median: The middle value in a dataset when the values are arranged in ascending order. It is not affected by
extreme values.
3. Mode: The value that occurs most frequently in a dataset. It represents the most common observation.

Measures Of Variability:

1. Range: The difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset, providing an indication of data
spread.
2. Standard Deviation: A measure of how spread out values in a dataset are around the mean. A higher standard
deviation indicates greater variability.
3. Variance: The average of the squared differences from the mean, providing a measure of data dispersion.

Introduction:

1. time frame : 225 minutes

2. the knowledge (RUA) the student is expected to gain from learning the topic/lesson

 describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research

3. Context where the student is going to apply their learning (In what PAA/EFAA and personal use?)

 Problem Solving and Critical Thinking

4. Overview of the Lesson ( Drawing Attention To Meaning)

The 21st century has brought about many changes in the way people live and adapt to their environment.
In this age of information technology, the possession of the necessary skills on the acquisition of knowledge has
already become an imperative. People from all walks of life should be informed and adept to the fast-changing
times. People need to reinvent themselves in order to easily cope with fast changing times so as not to be left
behind (Uy, Chin et al.,2016).
This 1-week lesson wiil focus on the nature of inquiry and research with the goal of helping the researcher
decide on the suitable quantitative research in the different areas of interest.
At the end of lesson, you will be able to describe the characteristics of quantitative research, its strength
and weaknesses and its kind.
Practical Research I introduced you to the two main classifications of research methods: quantitative and
qualitative. You have learned that qualitative research is more of describing a phenomenon in a narrative; hence,
the data collected can be in the form of words, images, or transcripts taken from a small sample, not

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 generalizable to the population.

Student’s Experiential Learning:

Chunk 1. DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (Drawing Attention To Meaning And
Prompting For Effortful Thinking)
Formative question: What is Quantitative research and how it differs from qualitative research?

QUICK CHECK: How does quantitative research differ from qualitative research in terms of data collection and
analysis?
POSSIBLE ANSWER: Quantitative research focuses on numerical and quantifiable data, uses statistical methods for
analysis, and aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships. In contrast, qualitative research emphasizes
subjective interpretations, uses non-numerical data, and explores complex phenomena in-depth.

Chunk 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (Prompting For Effortful

Thinking)
Formative question. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?

Quick Check:

1. What is the primary goal of quantitative research, and how does it differ from qualitative research in terms of
objectives?

Possible Answer:

The primary goal of quantitative research is to quantify data and generalize findings to a larger population. Unlike
qualitative research, which aims to explore in-depth meanings and experiences, quantitative research focuses on
numerical measurements and statistical analysis to test hypotheses objectively.

2. Explain the importance of objectivity in quantitative research and how it influences the data collection and
analysis process.

Possible answer:

Objectivity in quantitative research ensures that data collection and analysis are free from biases or subjective
interpretations. Researchers maintain objectivity by utilizing standardized data collection tools, statistical
methods, and replicable procedures, enhancing the reliability and credibility of the study.

3. Discuss the role of statistical analysis in quantitative research and how it helps researchers draw conclusions
from data.

Possible Answer:

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 Statistical analysis in quantitative research allows researchers to identify patterns, relationships, and trends in
data. It helps in summarizing data, testing hypotheses, making comparisons, and drawing statistically
supported conclusions, providing empirical evidence to support research findings.

Chunk 3. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (Prompting For

Effortful Thinking)

Formative question. What are the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research?

Quick Check:

1. What are the strengths of quantitative research and how they benefit research outcomes?

Possibel answers: Let the students enumerate the strengths of quantitative research. These strengths collectively
contribute to the rigor, credibility, and validity of research outcomes in quantitative studies, providing sound
empirical evidence that can be used to draw meaningful conclusions, inform decision-making processes, and
contribute to the advancement of knowledge in various fields

Chunk 4. KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ( Using Examples And Non Examples)

Formative question. What are the kinds of quantitative research?

Synthesis

In this lesson, the learners were able to describe the characteristics, strength, weaknesses and kinds of
quantitative research. They were able to familiarize the differend kinds of quantitative resaerch that will help
them in deciding the appropriate quantitaive research in different areas of discipline.

RUA of a Student’s Learning:

The students will be group into 7 groups and each group will pick up 1 question and discuss the answers among
their group and share it to the class.

Group Discussion: Answer the following comprehansively.

1. Define quantitative research and explain its primary characteristics.

2. Explain the importance of quantifiable data in quantitative research and how it is used to draw

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 conclusions.
3. Discuss the role of statistical analysis in quantitative research and its significance in interpreting research
findings.
4. Provide examples of research scenarios where quantitative research methods would be most appropriate.
5. What are the strengths of quantitative research compared to other research methods, and how do these
strengths benefit research outcomes?
6. Identify potential limitations or weaknesses of quantitative research and explain how researchers can
address them.
7. In what ways does quantitative research contribute to evidence-based decision-making in various fields?

POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

1. Define quantitative research and explain its primary characteristics.

- Quantitative research is a systematic empirical investigation that uses statistical, computational, or mathematical
techniques to collect and analyze quantifiable data. Its primary characteristics include objectivity, numerical
measurement, statistical analysis, and generalizability.

2. How does quantitative research differ from qualitative research in terms of data collection and analysis?

- Quantitative research focuses on numerical and quantifiable data, uses statistical methods for analysis, and aims
to establish cause-and-effect relationships. In contrast, qualitative research emphasizes subjective interpretations,
uses non-numerical data, and explores complex phenomena in-depth.

3. Discuss the role of statistical analysis in quantitative research and its significance in interpreting research
findings.

- Statistical analysis in quantitative research involves using mathematical techniques to analyze data, identify
trends, and draw inferences. It helps researchers interpret research findings, assess the validity of hypotheses,
and make data-driven decisions based on statistical evidence.

4. Provide examples of research scenarios where quantitative research methods would be most appropriate.

- Examples include surveys to measure public opinion, experiments to test the effectiveness of a new drug, and
cohort studies to analyze the impact of lifestyle factors on health outcomes.

5. What are the strengths of quantitative research compared to other research methods, and how do these
strengths benefit research outcomes?

- Strengths include objectivity, generalizability, replicability, and the ability to test hypotheses rigorously. These
strengths lead to more reliable findings, increased validity, and the potential to make data-driven decisions.

6. Identify potential limitations or weaknesses of quantitative research and explain how researchers can
address them.

- Limitations may include oversimplification, reductionism, and the potential for researcher bias. Researchers can
address these limitations by using mixed methods, acknowledging limitations, and ensuring data quality.

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 7. In what ways does quantitative research contribute to evidence-based decision-making in various fields?

-Quantitative research provides empirical evidence, statistical analyses, and reliable data that inform evidence-
based decision-making in fields such as healthcare, economics, education, and social sciences.

Post-lesson Remediation Activity: Reading materials will be provided. Let the student present the key differences
between qualitative and quantitative research

Qualitative Research:

 Data Type: Non-numeric data (words, images, sounds).

 Purpose: Understanding subjective experiences, opinions, attitudes.
 Methods: Interviews, observations, focus groups, documents.
 Analysis: Interpretive, thematic analysis, grounded theory.
 Focus: Meaning, subjectivity, lived experiences, social reality.
 Sample Size: Smaller due to in-depth analysis.
 Outcome: Subjective conclusions, rich descriptions, new insights.
 Advantages: Flexibility, creativity, in-depth understanding.
 Limitations: Subjectivity, smaller sample size, time-consuming

Quantitative Research:

 Data Type: Numeric data for statistical analysis.

 Purpose: Testing hypotheses, generalizing results, predicting.
 Methods: Experiments, surveys, questionnaires.
 Analysis: Statistical, numerical, data-driven.
 Focus: Measurement, quantification, objective conclusions.
 Sample Size: Larger for statistical validity.
 Outcome: Objective conclusions, statistical findings.
 Advantages: Objectivity, replicability, statistical analysis.
 Limitations: Limited contextual understanding, rigid structure.

Key Differences:
 Data Type: Qualitative - non-numeric; Quantitative - numeric.
 Purpose: Qualitative - understanding; Quantitative - testing and prediction.
 Methods: Qualitative - interviews, observations; Quantitative - surveys, experiments.
 Analysis: Qualitative - interpretive; Quantitative - statistical.
 Focus: Qualitative - meanings, experiences; Quantitative - measurements, quantification.
 Outcome: Qualitative - subjective conclusions; Quantitative - objective, statistical conclusions.
 Sample Size: Qualitative - smaller; Quantitative - larger for generalization.
 Advantages: Qualitative - flexibility, depth; Quantitative - objectivity, replicability.
 Limitations: Qualitative - subjectivity, smaller sample; Quantitative - limited contextual understanding.

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