Interview Things

1) What kind of testing are you doing ?

- Smoke
- Regression
- Functional
- Integration
- Positive – Negative testing
- Black-box
- Ad-hoc (random testing)

2) Are you doing automation or manual testing ?

- 60-70% I was doing automation, 30-40% manual testing, but I always help other
manual testers as a cross-functional team member.
- I have worked on UI testing, backend testing, and API testing.

3) What is Jenkins ?

- Jenkins is a continuous integration (CI/CD) tool.

- I’m using Jenkins for my smoke suite and regression suite.
- I’m scheduling my tests with Jenkins, Cucumber tags and Git.

4) What is Agile, do you have Agile experience ?

- I have experience with both waterfall and Agile environments.

- I prefer to work in AGILE teams, because communications, collaboration, team work
is really important. I worked with 2-3-4 weeks sprint AGILE teams.
- In my last company I was working with 3 weeks sprints.

5) What is Agile Scrum meetings ?

- We had daily stand up meetings, sprint grooming, sprint planning, sprint demo,
sprint retro meeting.

- Daily stand ups : everyday, 15 mins

- Planning : app ve yeni feature hakkinda bilgi aliyoruz. ( first day of sprint )

- Grooming : we are giving estimations for the tasks.

Herkes tahmini bitirme suresini veriyor, ( first day of the sprint )
 - Demo : (end of the sprint), we are doing presentations to client, stakeholder,
business people involved.

- Retro : (end of the sprint), Kendi kendimize degerlendirme yapiyoruz.

What was good? How can we improve?

6) Your team members in your last project ?

- In my last team I was working with 2 testers, 6 developers, 1 scrum master, 1

business analyst.

7) Do you have offshore team experience ?

- Yes, I worked with offshore teams before, we had meeting on late nights or very
earlier in the morning. It is not a problem, I can work with offshore teams.

8) What is your Challenges ?

- Limited time for testing.

- My team member had to go to his country because of visa issue, and I had to take
care of his role at the same time for a while.but it was not a problem most important
part is our teams success.

9) What is Page Object Model ?

- Locatorlari koydugumuz yer/class (id, name, class, linktext, xpath, css…)

- Reusable
- Easy to organize
- Easy to maintain
- I am creating separate page object model classes for each pages.
- Constructor + PageFactory.initElements(); + @FindBy

10) What is Maven and pom.xml file ?

- Dependencies (maven)

11) What is TestNG ?

- (TDD)
- Annotations (@BeforeMethod, @BeforeTest, @Test, @AfterMethod, @AfterTest)
- Assertion (AssertTrue, AssertEquals, AssertFalse)
- TestNG.XML
12) What is JUnit ?

- (with Cucumber BDD)

- Annotations (@Before, @After, @Test)
- Assertion (AssertTrue, AssertFalse, AssertEquals)

13) How can you verify ?

- I’m using Assertions with JUnit.

14) What is Access modifiers ?

- public
- private
- protected
- default

15) What is OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) ?

- JAVA is an object-oriented programming language.

- We have 4 main OOP principles.

- Encapsulation – data hiding, making variables “private”. We can access to private

variables with getter & setter methods.
- Inheritance – it’s like parent – child relationship. We are using “extends” keyword.
Child class has all methods / variables from parent class.
- Abstraction – it’s hiding implementation, there is no method body. We’re using
“abstract” keyword. There are 2 types of abstraction: “abstract class” & “interface”
- Polymorphism

16) What is BDD ?

- Cucumber is BDD tool.

- I am using Cucumber with JUnit
- We are using GHERKIN language with BDD, it’s just like basic English (when, then,
and, given, scenario)
- I am writing scenarios with gherkin language.
- BDD is a bridge between technical and non-technical (business) people.

17) What is Cucumber ?

- Cucumber is BDD tool.

- Im using cucumber with JUnit.
- I’m using feature files, step definitions, runner class.
 18) What is Cucumber components?

- Feature file : I’m writing scenarios (and scenario outline) with Gherkin.
- Step definitions : I m implementing feature file scenarios to java test class.
- Runner class : I m using Runner class to run my test suits.
- Hook class : I m using @Before and @After annotations and reusable methods.

19) What is JENKINS ?

- Jenkins is a continuous integration tool.

- I m using Jenkins to schedule and run my smoke and regression suits.
- I am checking Jenkins reports.

20) Can you explain your smoke and regression suite in your last project ?

- I had 12 tests in my smoke

- We had more than 500 in regression suit.

21) Do you have experience with GIT / GitHub ?

- I used Git and GitHub for version control and store my code.
- I’m using git commit, push and pull commends.

JAVA – Interview Review

22) JDK  JRE  JVM

- JDK (java development kit)

- JRE (java runtime environment)
- JVM (java virtual machine)

23) What is main method ?

- We need main method to run the java code.

- Main method is static because it can be called directly.
- Public static void main (String[] args) {}

24) What is Primitives ?

- Primitives are values / datas.

- We have 8 primitives
- Byte, short, int, double, char, float, long
25) What is Object and Class ?

- Class : is a template
- Object : comes from the class, object is an instance of the class.( object class’in
ogesidir.)

26) What is String and String methods ?

- String comes from java

- String methods:

toUpperCase()
toLowerCase()
length()
contains()
substring()
indexOf()

27) String vs StringBuffer vs StringBuilder ?

- String  immutable
- StringBuffer  mutable
- StringBuilder mutable

28) How many different ways to check conditions ?

- IF condition (if - else - else if)

- SWITCH statement

29) How many LOOPS we have?

- We have 4 loops
- For loop, while loop, do while loop, for-each loop

30) What is Constructor ?

- as

31) ACCESS Modifiers

- Public  protected  default  private

32) ACCESS Modifiers

 - Public : everyone can see
- Protected : everyone in same package, also sub-classes in different package.
- Default: every class in same package.
- Private : only in class.

33) Final / finally / finalize ?

- Final :
if variable is final, it means its unchangeable
if method is final , we can not override
if class is final , we can not inherit
- Finally : keyword for try-catch block, it is working no matter what.
- Finalize : for garbage collector

34) What is static ?

- We can call directly without create an object

- Static methods / values belong to the class, does not depend to object
- Its shareable.
- Static can refer only static members.

35) What is static block ?

- Runs only once before anything .

36) What is OOP ?

- Encapsulation
- Inheritance
- Abstraction
- Polymorphism

37) ENCAPSULATION

- Data hiding
- Making variable private
- You can access private variables with getter / setter methods.

38) INHERITANCE

- Parent – child class relationship.

- Child class can use everything from parent class.
- We are using “extends” keyword
- Java supports only one inheritance
39) ABSTRACTION

- There are two types of abstraction, “abstract class” and “interface”

- Abstraction  hiding implementation (we don’t have method body)
- We are using “abstract” keyword.
- We can not create an object in abstract class and interface .
- Abstract class can contain both abstract and non-abstract methods.

40) INTERFACE

- For example WebDriver is an interface.

- For example LIST, SET, MAP are also interfaces.

41) POLYMORPHISM

- For example when we create a driver object from WebDriver interface or when we
create an ArrayList from List interface we are using polymorphism here.
- Concrete class implements all methods of reference class (parent)

- WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

(reference type) (concrete class)

- List list1 = new ArrayList();

(reference) (concrete)

- There are two types of polymorphism:

static polymorphism.  overloading
dynamic polymorphism  overriding

42) OVERLOADING

- Same method name, different signature (parameters)

- For example: println() is an OVERLOADED method

println()
println(String x)  same method name, different signature, overloading
println(int x)  same method name, different signature, overloading
43) OVERRIDING

- Same method name, same signature, different body ( implementation )

- We need parent / child class (inheritance) relationship for overriding.
- Static methods cannot be overridden.

public void play(int num) {  same method name + same signature

print(“football”);  different body
}

Public void play(int num) {  same method name + same signature

print(“basketball);  different body
}

44) What is data structure in JAVA ?

- I’m storing data in array, arraylist…
- Array
- Collections (list, set)
- Map

45) What is ARRAY

- It is a collection of a data.
- We are storing multiple datas in one array.
- Array is Fixed Size
- Array cannot be resized / modified.
- Same data type (all elements are int or all string)

- String[] cities = new String[3];  fixed-size, only 3 fixed-values

cities[0] = New York;

cities[1]= Washington;
cities[2]= Chicago;

- int[] years = {1991, 1992, 1993};

46) What is ARRAYLIST

- ArrayList is a collection of Object types..

- Can be resized, it is NOT FIXED SIZE.
- ArrayList comes from List.

- List <String> cities = new ArrayList();

cities.add(“New York”);
cities.add(“Washington”);  we can add values, resizable
cities.remove(“New York”);  we can remove values, resizable

47) What is Collections ?

- Collection is an interface
- LIST and SET comes from Collection.
- List  ArrayList, LinkedList
- Set  HashSet, TreeSet

48) What is the differences between ARRAY and ARRAYLIST ?

- Arrays are not resizable and fixed size

- ArrayList are resizable.
- Array is static, ArrayList is dynamic.
- Array can hold primitives, ArrayList can hold objects.

49) What is the differences between LIST and SET ?

- List can hold duplicated values.
- Set can hold only unique values.

- List  ArrayList
- Set  HashSet

50) What is MAP ?

- Map is key + value combination
- Key must be unique, value can be duplicated
- <Key, Value>

- Map<String, Integer> ages = new HaspMap();

 ages.put (“Selma”, 27);  key: Selma, value: 27
ages.put (“Fatih”, 28);  key: Fatih, value: 28

51) LIST vs SET vs MAP ?

- LIST  ordered / indexed / can contain duplicated values.

- SET  not ordered / not indexed / only unique values
- MAP  Key + value combination
<Key, value>  key is unique, value can be duplicated

52) What is Exceptions ?

- There are 2 types of exceptions ;

Checked  we need to handle it  with try-catch or throws

Un-checked (RunTime)

example:
- NoSuchElementException
- WebDriverException
- TimeOutException

53) How to handle exceptions ?

- Try – catch block

- We can handle with “throws” or “try-catch” block.

SELENIUM – Interview Review

54) What is SELENIUM ?

- Selenium is UI automation tool, I’m using Selenium with JAVA.

(advantages)
- Selenium is open source
- Selenium supports multiple browsers

(disadvantages)
- Selenium supports only web-based apps.
 - Selenium does not support operation systems (windows, mac) apps.
- We can not test desktop applications using Selenium.
- Selenium cannot automate CAPTCHA.

55) Some basic Selenium methods / commends:

- getText()
- getTitle()
- sendKeys()
- sendKeys(“Selma” + Keys.ENTER)

56) How can you open browser with Selenium ?

- Launching browser:
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

- Open a specific webpage:

driver.get(“www.google.com”);

- Closing the browser:

driver.quit();
driver.close();

57) What is Locators ?

- We have 8 Locators
- id , name , className , Xpath , CSS , tagName , linkText , partialLinkText
- if I have id or name I’m using them, else I prefer to use XPath.

58) What is the differences between absolute XPath and Relative XPath ?

- Absolute XPath is starting with single slash (“ / ”)

- Relative XPath starts with double slash (“ // “ )
- I’m using Relative XPath because Absolute XPath is really breakable

59) XPath syntax (relative) ?

- //tagname[@attribute=’value’]

ex:
//input[@id=’selma’]
60) How can you go to second element with XPath ?

- (//input[@id=’fatih’])[2]

61) How do you handle dynamic elements ?

- I’m using relative XPath with some methods such as:

contains()
starts-with()
text()
OR
AND

//input[contains(@name, ‘sel’)]
//input[@id=’submit’ AND @name=’btnLogin’]

62) What is Implicit Wait vs Explicit Wait ?

- Implicit Wait  for all Elements

- For example, during the tests implicitWait waits 10 seconds to find the elements.
- If it finds the element before the given time, it will continue.
- If it doesn’t find, it throw NoSuchElement() exception and test will fail.

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)

- Explicit Wait  for one specific Element

- It waits for specific condition / element until selenium find
- We are using WebDriverWait object.
- We can use visibilityOf(), elementToBeClicikable() methods.
- If it cannot find it throws timeOutException() or elementNOtClickable()

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait();

wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));

63) What are some common exceptions in Selenium ?

- NoSuchElementException
- ElementNotVisibleException
 - TimeOutException
- WebDriverException

64) What is StaleElementException ?

- This is happening in two cases, if element is deleted or element is missing on DOM.

- If we are in different page , it can also happen.

solution:
- Sleep a little bit.  Thread.sleep(2000)
- Locate the element again.

65) How can you handle DROPDOWN ?

I’m using SELECT class with some methods:

Select dropdown = new Select();

SelectByVisibleText()
SelectByIndex()
SelectByValue()

66) How can you handle POP-UP’s (Alerts) ?

- I’m using ALERT class.

- Also I am using switchTo (), alert (), accept (), dismiss () methods

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();

alert.accept()  accept alert/pop-up

alert.dismiss()  dismiss alert/pop-up

67) How can you handle iFrame ?

- I m using switchTo() and frame() methods.

- Also we can use defaultContent() method to go to main page.

driver.switchTo().frame(“…”);  go to iframe
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();  go to main page
68) How can you handle mouse actions ?

- I am using Action Class for mouse actions with methods.

- Action action = new Action (driver);

action.build();
.perform();
.doubleClick();
.drugAndDrop();
.clickAndHold();
.moveToElement();

69) How can you switch tabs ?

- I am using getWindowHandles() , switchTo() , window() methods

driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);

70) How can you handle Radio Buttons / Checboxes ?

- I am using isSelected() method for radio buttons

isSelected()
isDisplayed()
isEnabled()

71) What is the differences between findElement() vs findElements() ?

- findElement()
 Returns the first most web element if there are multiple web elements found
with the same locator.
 It will only find one web element

- findElements()
 Returns a list of web elements
CUCUMBER (BDD) – Interview Review

72) TDD vs BDD ?

- TDD  Java , Selenium , TestNG

- BDD  Java , Selenium , Cucumber , JUnit

73) Why BDD (Cucumber) is popular ?

- Because of AGILE.

74) What is Cucumber ?

- Cucumber is a BDD testing tool.

- It is a bridge between technical (tester, developer) and non-technical (client,
business) people.
- Gherkin is a Cucumber language, is like a basic English.
- Everyone can understand al scenarios, tests easily.
- We are using Gherkin because everyone can understand in Agile environment.

75) What we are using with Cucumber?

- Feature files
- Step definitions
- Runner Class

76) What is Feature File?

- We are writing tests in Cucumber Feature files using Gherkin language.

- We are using some keywords like Given, When, Then, Scenario, Feature, Background
- We are using tags for tests like @smoke, @regression, @test

@regression
Feature: Amazon HomePage

Scenario: Search Tab

Given User is on Amazon HomePage
When User enters iPhone to searchbox
Then User should see all iPhones
77) What is Runner Class?

- We create Runner Class for to run the code.

- In Runner class , we are using some Annotations (@RunWith, @CucumberOptions)
- Our tests will be in feature files , we run tests from the runner class.

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
features = “feature files”,
glue = "step definitions",
tags = ”@regression”,
plugin = ”reports”,
dryRun = “generate annotations for step definitions”)

public class AmazonRunner {

78) What is Runner class keywords ?

- Features : we are locating feature file locations.

- Glue : we are locating step definitions locations
- Tags : we put specific tags for scenarios to run.
- Plugin : for creating report file (HTML report, JSON report)
- dryRun : its showing you the missing part for the step definition.

79) What is Step Definitions ?

- Step Definition is Java implementation of feature file steps/scenarios.

80) What is Cucumber tags ?

- We put tags for scenarios in feature file  @regression : for scenario

- We put tag in runner class to run.  @regression: to run same scenario

81) What is Background in feature file ?

- It will run once before each scenario in feature file.

- It will run every time.
- Before any scenario background will run.
82) How can we build Cucumber testing framework ?

- We are using Maven , Java , Selenium , JUnit , Cucumber based on page object
model.

- Maven : build tool, we are adding dependencies. (pom.xml)

- Java : we are using java for automating test steps.
- Cucumber : the testing tool , we use for test scenarios. ( Gherkin )
- JUnit : for verifying tests using assertions.
- Selenium : UI automation tool for controlling browser.
- RestAssured : API automation library.

83) What is Scenario Outline?

- we can use Scenario outline for same scenario with multiple sets of data.
- We use “scenario outline” with “examples” table.
- Scenario icin outline hazirliyoruz , bosluklara datalari her seferinde tekrar otomatik
doldurup testi run ediyor.

Feature: Check account balance

@smoke
Scenario Outline: Manupulate Login Test With Data
Given <name> has a valid credit or debit card
And his/her account balance is <accountBalance>
When he/she insert the card
Then he/she should see account balance is <currentBalance>

Examples:

| name | accountBalance | currentBalance |

| value1 | value2 | value3 |
| value4 | value5 | value6 |

84) What is Cucumber – Hooks ?

- I create Hook class
- Hooks always run before or after each scenarios
- What ever we wanted to be worked before and after each scenarios we put them in
Hooks using @Before and @After Annotations.

85) How to run a specific Scenario from a feature file?

- we can run specific scenario from feature file by using tags.

 @test, @selmaTest, @smoke, @regression

API (Web Services) – Interview Review

86) What is the differences between SOAP and REST ?

- SOAP supports only XML

- REST supports XML , JSON , TEXT

- REST is new and faster version of API.

- I have experience with both XML and JSON.

87) What API tools are you using ?

- SoapUI  manuel api testing tool. ( SOAP )

- Postman  manuel api testing tool. ( REST )
- Rest-Assured  java library for api automation.

88) What is API Methods (HTTP Methods / CRUD Operations)

- POST  if I want to send new data I can use post .

- GET  for receiving all datas.
- PUT  it is updating the excisting data ( not creating new )
- DELETE  deleting the data.

89) What is the difference between POST and PUT ?

- POST is creating a brand new data, PUT is updating excisting datas.

90) What is HTTP STATUS CODES ?

- 200  success ,ok

- 400  client error , our error
- 500  server error, its not our fault.

- 404  not found

91) How can you validate JSON response body ?

- I am checking http status codes.

- I can use Assertions with Hamcrest Matchers , JUnit or TestNG.
Check later:

Acceptance criteria
User story
Velocity
Priority / Severity
SDLC
STLC
Defect life cycle
What to do when you find a defect
Test plan
Test case
Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)

RestAssured – Java API automation

Serialization/De-serialization
SQL