HUMAN

REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

OVERVIEW
 HUMAN
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
is a collection of internal and external organs - both males and
females that work together for the purpose of producing another
human being.

MALE FEMALE
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Testes Sperm Cell

GONADS GAMETES

ZYGOTE EMBRYO BABY

Ovaries Egg Cell

 MALE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
MAJOR ORGANS
&
FUNCTIONS
EXTERNAL PARTS

INTERNAL PARTS

ACCESSORY GLANDS
 PENIS
The organ used for urination and
PENIS
sexual intercourse. It contains the
urethra, which carries both urine and
semen.
SHAFT BODY

GLANS HEAD
EXTERNAL
PARTS
 SCROTUM
The scrotum is the loose, pouch-like
sac of skin that hangs outside the
body which holds and protects
testicles (testes).

SCROTUM

EXTERNAL
PARTS
 TESTIS
The Testis (Plural:Testes)
is a male organ that is responsible for
the production of sperm and
testosterone (male sex hormone).
TESTIS

EXTERNAL
PARTS
 EPIDIDYMIS
The epididymis is located behind the
testis and inside the scrotum. The
epididymis's primary role is to store
EPIDIDYMIS sperm for maturation and transport them
to the vas deferens.

INTERNAL
PARTS
VAS DEFERENS
VAS DEFERENS
This long muscular tube runs from the
epididymis into the pelvic cavity behind
the bladder and connects to the urethra
through a structure called the ejaculatory
duct.

INTERNAL
PARTS
 EJACULATORY DUCT
EJACULATORY DUCT

The ejaculatory duct delivers sperm into the urethra,

adding secretions and additives from the prostate
necessary for sperm function, while providing an
interface between the reproductive and urinary
systems

INTERNAL
PARTS
 URETHRA
conduct sperm/semen from the prostate
gland to the outside of the body via the
URETHRA
penis (also used to convey urine).

INTERNAL
PARTS
 SEMINAL
SEMINAL VESICLE VESICLE
Accessory Gland
secretes fluid containing fructose(to
nourish sperm), mucus(to protect sperm)
and prostaglandin (triggers uterine
contractions).

INTERNAL
PARTS
 PROSTATE
GLAND
PROSTATE GLAND
Accessory Gland
The prostate gland is located just below the bladder in men
and surrounds the top portion of the tube that drains urine
from the bladder (urethra). The prostate's primary function
is to produce the fluid that nourishes and transports sperm
(seminal fluid).

INTERNAL
PARTS
 COWPER’S GLAND

Accessory Gland
COWPER’S GLAND The paired Cowper’s (bulbourethral) glands are small,
about the size of a pea, and located near the base of the
penis. They produce thick clear mucus prior to
ejaculation that drains into the spongy urethra.

INTERNAL
PARTS
 SPERMATOGENESIS
Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cell production
occurs.

The germ cells give rise to the haploid spermatozoa. Sperm

production takes place inside the seminiferous tubules, which
is a convoluted cluster of tubes located inside the testes.

@reallygreatsite
It is the process of the formation of haploid spermatozoa (sperms) from the
undifferentiated diploid primordial germ cells of the testes. It involves
multiplication phase, growth phase and differentiation phase.
 Spermiogenesis
It is the differentiation phase of
spermatogenesis where one
spermatid develops into one
spermatozoa (sperm)
 HORMONES
Hormones are chemicals that coordinate
different functions in your body by
carrying messages through your blood to
your organs, skin, muscles and other
tissues.
 MALE HORMONES
• Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• Testosterone
• Inhibin
GONATROPIN-RELEASING
HORMONE
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone is released
from the hypothalamus in the brain. It controls
the production of luteinizing hormone and
follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary
gland.
 FOLLICLE STIMULATING
HORMONE
stimulates Sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding
protein (ABP), thereby stimulating spermatogenesis.

FSH also stimulates Sertoli cells to produce inhibin, which

provides negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to
decrease FSH secretion
 LUTEINIZING HORMONE
stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone where
testosterone provides negative feedback to the anterior
pituitary and hypothalamus
 TESTOSTERONE
Testosterone is the major sex hormone in men. It is produced
mainly in the testes and is controlled by the pituitary gland in the
brain.

Testosterone is an androgen, a hormone either natural or

synthetic that is associated with the development and maintenance
of male characteristics.
 INHIBIN
Inhibin is a protein secreted by the Sertoli cells in men. It
inhibits the synthesis and release of the follicle-stimulating
hormone in the pituitary gland and reduces the
hypothalamic LH - releasing hormone content.
 erection
An erection is when a penis hardens and
enlarges due to filling up with blood.
Erections typically occur when a person
with a penis is sexually aroused, but it can
happen spontaneously.
 What are the three types of erections?

• Reflexogenic erections happen when something touches your genitals and

triggers arousal. This is probably the type you think of most often, like
erections during masturbation or sexual foreplay.

• Psychogenic erections happen when you think of sexual memories or fantasies.

This type of erection happens without physical touch.

• Nocturnal erections happen when you’re asleep. They occur more commonly
during the deep stages of sleep.
 ejaculation
Ejaculation is when a sticky liquid (semen
or cum) comes out of your penis. It most
often happens after an orgasm (a sexual
release), but can also happen without an
orgasm.
 What happens during ejaculation??

Ejaculation has two phases: emission and expulsion.

• Emission phase: In the first phase, sperm moves to your prostate from your
testicles and mixes with fluid to create semen. Your vas deferens (the tubes
that store and transport semen from your testes) contract to squeeze the
semen toward the base of your penis.
• Expulsion phase: In the second phase, muscles at the base of your penis
contract every 0.8 seconds and force or shoot the semen out of your penis
in several spurts.
 FACTS
Males produce the smallest
human cell - the sperm (male
gamete), which is only 5
micrometers by 3 micrometers
in
viewsize.
source
 FACTS
In adult humans, the length of
epididymis usually ranges
between 6 -7 meters (20 -23
ft) in length.
view source
 FACTS
A human testis may have
800-1600 tubules, with an
aggregated length of about 600
meters:
view source
 FACTS
A Male’s body is constantly
creating sperm, but on average,
it takes 64 -74 days to produce
new sperm from start to finish
view source
 FACTS
spermatogenesis, in the
male reproductive system,
begins at puberty.

view source
 FACTS
Penises are longer than they
look. Around half of the
entire length is housed
inside the body.
view source
 FACTS
It is common for babies to exit
the womb with an erection.
Ultrasounds scans sometimes
show a fetus with fully formed
erection.
view source
THANK YOU
 REFERENCES

VIDEO PRESENTATIONS: WEBSITES:

• Male Reproductive System • Cleaveland Clinic

• Spermatogenesis • MSD Manual

• Hormonal Regulations of the Male Reproductive System • You and Your Hormones

• How does erection occur in men • UC Berkerly