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    Assessment #2 2023A - Topic2 - Health Expenditure (Instructions)

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    Assessment #2 2023A - Topic2 - Health Expenditure (Instructions)

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    Ngoc Nguyen
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    Assessment #2 2023A_Topic2_Health expenditure (Instructions)

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    11 views3 pages

    Assessment #2 2023A - Topic2 - Health Expenditure (Instructions)

    Uploaded by

    Ngoc Nguyen

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    ECON1193 – Business Statistics 1, Semester 1, 2023

    Assessment #2: Individual Case Study (40%)


    Due: Week 9, 04 May, Thursday, 5:00 PM

    Assessment Details
    In Canvas, there are Excel files with data sets for three topics. Your lecturer will assign the
    topic and a data set to you.
    • You are required to work with the only ONE assigned topic and the relevant ONE assigned
    data set from the Excel file. There is a penalty of 15% of the final mark received if you
    have worked with the wrong topic which is not assigned by your lecturer.
    • Your report should not exceed 3000 words (Including the specific word limits in various
    assessment parts and words in tables and figures, excluding references). It is compulsory
    to specify the word count on the cover page.
    • There is a penalty of 4 out of 40 marks for each 100 words exceeded. If you exceed the
    word limit by less than 100 words, the penalty will be applied proportionally, e.g. a penalty
    of 2.8 marks will be imposed for 70 words exceeded the report word limit.
    • There is a penalty of 4 out of 40 marks for each day of late submission.
    • There is a penalty of 10% of the grade received for every picture/screenshot of the
    graphs or tables provided in the report. The only exception is the online graphing tool
    for the Box-and-Whisker plot where its screenshot is accepted.
    • Provide all your answers to a maximum of 3 decimal places. The font used should be Times
    New Roman 12pt. Include page numbers in either the footer or the header.
    • The report should be written and submitted in Microsoft Word only.
    • Avoid plagiarizing – RMIT considers this a serious offence.

    Submission Details
    Submit the following TWO items to Canvas:
    1. Word file (via Turnitin)
    2. Excel file (via Turnitin). You need to copy all relevant figures/tables into the Word file.
    There is a penalty of 1 out of 20 marks for no submission of the Excel file, and a penalty
    of 1 out of 20 marks for not showing proof of own works calculation and graphing in
    the Excel file.

    ECON1193 – Assessment #2 (Individual Case Study), Semester 1, 2023 Page 1 of 3


    Case Study Questions:

    Health expenditure relates to socio-economic development as health improvements of the citizen


    can lead to better living quality of nations and contributes to higher productivity of the economy.
    The level of health expenditure also relates to the citizen’s quality of living standard.

    The data for this assignment is downloaded from the World Bank. Your data set is the 2018 data
    of several countries, which include the following variables:
    • Health expenditure per capita (current US$)
    • GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)

    There are 6 parts to this case study. Each part is described in detail below:

    Part 1: Introduction

    Provide an introduction of the research topic about what experts say about health expenditure
    per capita, based on reliable references.
    • Use reliable references (i.e. the World Health Organization, the United Nations,
    International Monetary Fund, UNICEF or any other reliable institution). Be sure to cite
    your work.
    • Include what your references elaborate about health expenditure per capita.
    • Start with a global view of health expenditure per capita.
    o Explain why it is important to monitor health expenditure per capita as part of
    achieving sustainable socio-economic development.
    o Review the relationship between health expenditure per capita and GNI per capita.

    Part 2: Descriptive Statistics and Probability

    This case defines “High health expenditure per capita” as having a health expenditure per capita
    of more than $500 (current US$).

    Divide your countries into the following three categories:


    o Low-income countries (LG): countries with GNI per capita less than US$3,500.
    o Middle-income countries (MG): countries with GNI per capita between US$3,500 and
    US$14,000.
    o High-income countries (HG): countries with a GNI per capita of more than US$14,000.

    Based on the information,


    • Check whether health expenditure per capita and GNI per capita are statistically
    independent events, and which country categories are more likely to have higher health
    expenditure per capita.
    • Analyze the descriptive measures (central tendency and variation) for health expenditure
    per capita by using the best descriptive measures and compare the different country GNI
    per capita categories mentioned above (LG/MG/HG).
    • Indicate the reason behind choosing the particular measure in your discussion. Explain all

    ECON1193 – Assessment #2 (Individual Case Study), Semester 1, 2023 Page 2 of 3


    your findings.

    Part 3: Confidence Intervals

    a. Calculate confidence intervals for the world average health expenditure per capita.

    b. Discuss whether and why any assumptions are required or not to calculate these confidence
    intervals.

    Part 4: Hypothesis Testing

    a. A report from World Bank shows that the world average health expenditure per capita in 2017
    is $1,049 (current US$). Based on your confidence interval as calculated in Part 3a, test the
    hypothesis based on what you think about the mean of health expenditure per capita will
    increase, decrease, or remaining unchanged in the future. You should also discuss the possible
    errors committed, its consequence and how these errors can be minimized.

    b. Suppose the number of countries in your dataset is reduced by half. Discuss the possible impact
    on the hypothesis testing results (Note: The answer should not be supported by calculation,
    but should display conceptual understanding)
    • Discuss whether the statistical decision will change or remain unchanged.
    • Explain why it will change or remain unchanged.
    • Discuss whether the results will be more accurate, less accurate or the same.
    • Discuss any changes on the possible errors committed.

    Part 5: Overall Conclusion

    Discuss an overall conclusion with at least 4 main findings of your case study’s topic, supported
    by your findings from Part 1 to Part 4. As you write the conclusion, keep in mind that the audience
    is not an expert in Statistics and hence write the conclusion in non-technical language.
    (Recommended word limit: 500 words)

    Part 6: Data Collection in Vietnam

    As your data set only include Vietnam as a country, and to extend further, you decided to collect
    data in different cities in Vietnam on the healthcare services expenditure in households. For this
    purpose, a survey of a representative sample of Vietnamese cities is needed. Briefly describe how
    you would ask the question, conduct the survey, what type of sampling method you would use and
    why, the possible errors you may face while conducting the survey, and how you could
    reduce/eliminate such errors. (Note: You do not need to prepare the actual survey questions)

    End of Assessment

    ECON1193 – Assessment #2 (Individual Case Study), Semester 1, 2023 Page 3 of 3

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