11/2/2020

COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
AND SOFTWARE

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Hardware: Input Devices

• What are input devices?
• What are output devices?

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Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware
• Computer hardware is the physical
components that a computer system
requires to function.
• A motherboard is an electronic circuit
board in a computer which interconnects
hardware devices attached to it.

Computer Hardware
Four categories of computer hardware devices:

Input Devices: For raw data input.

Processing Devices: To process raw data instructions into

information.

Output Devices: To disseminate data and information.

Storage Devices: For data and information retention.

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Computer Hardware

RAM CPU’s Hard Floppy CD ROM

Memory Processors Motherboards Drives Drives Drives

Video
Mice Keyboards Modems Monitors Printers
Cards

Multimedia Sound Video Backup Computer Other

Speakers Cards Camera Drive Cases Equipment
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Hardware: Processing Devices

• When a computer receives data from an input device, the data must
go through an intermediate stage before it can be sent to an output
device.
• A processing device is any device in a computer that handles this
intermediate stage.

Hardware: Processing Devices

• Some of the most common processing devices in a computer include
the following:
• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Graphics processing unit (GPU)

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Hardware: Input Devices

• An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer,
allowing you to interact with and control it.

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Hardware: Output Devices

• An output device is any peripheral that receives data from a
computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction.

Input/Output

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Hardware: Storage Devices

• Alternatively referred to as digital storage, storage, storage media, or
storage medium, a storage device is any hardware capable of holding
information either temporarily or permanently.
• RAM VS ROM

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Computer Software

System Application Programming

Software Software Software

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System Software
• Systems software, are all designed to control and coordinate the
procedures and functions of computer hardware.
• They actually enable functional interaction between hardware,
software and the user.
• Systems software carries out middleman tasks to ensure
communication between other software and hardware to allow
harmonious coexistence with the user.

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System Software
Systems software can be categorized under the
following:
• Harnesses communication between hardware, system
Operating system programs, and other applications.

• Enables device communication with the OS and other

Device driver programs.

• Enables device control and identification.

Firmware

• Translates high-level languages to low-level machine codes.

Translator

• Ensures optimum functionality of devices and applications.

Utility

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Application Software
• Application software is used for attaining specific tasks.
• Application software uses the capacity of a computer directly for
specific tasks and are used to manipulate text, graphics and numbers.

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Application Software
The different types of application software include the
following:
Application Software Type Exa mples
Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad
Da tabase s oftware Ora cle, MS Access etc
Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel
Mul timedia software Real Player, Media Player
Pres entation Software Mi crosoft Power Point, Keynotes
Enterprise Software Cus tomer relationship management system
Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools
Di ctionaries: Encarta, BritannicaMathematical: MATLABOthers: Google
Educational Software
Ea rth, NASA World Wind
Si mulation Software Fl i ght and scientific simulators
Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers
Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office
Software for Engineering and Product Development IDE or Integrated Development Environments

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Programming Software
• Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer
in writing computer programs and software using different
programming languages in a more convenient way.
• The tools include text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers,
debuggers, and so on.
• Programming software examples - Turbo C, Xilinx, Kiel, compilers,
debuggers, Integrated Development Environment (IDE), etc.

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Sub-Type of Computer Software

• Apart from the major types of computer software, there are many
other sub-types such as:

• software that anyone can download from the Internet and use for
free.
Freeware • Examples - Google Talk, Yahoo Messenger, uTorrent, etc.)

• Software that usually distributed for free on a trial basis.

• It can be shared without violation of any laws.
Shareware • They usually stop working or prompt the user to purchase the
full version, once the trial period expires.
• Examples - BearShare, Kazaa, Winzip, etc.)

• software with open source code, which is available to all users.

• As such, anyone can make changes to it and release their own
Open Source Software new version.
• Example- Android OS, OpenOffice, etc.)

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Application Software
The different types of application software include the
following:
Application Software Type Exa mples
Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad
Da tabase s oftware Ora cle, MS Access etc
Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel
Mul timedia software Real Player, Media Player
Pres entation Software Mi crosoft Power Point, Keynotes
Enterprise Software Cus tomer relationship management system
Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource management tools
Di ctionaries: Encarta, BritannicaMathematical: MATLABOthers: Google
Educational Software
Ea rth, NASA World Wind
Si mulation Software Fl i ght and scientific simulators
Content Access Software Accessing content through media players, web browsers
Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office
Software for Engineering and Product Development IDE or Integrated Development Environments

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COMPUTER ASSEMBLY

Computer Assembly
Watch the motherboard assembly tutorial here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOOZ7qjSzy4

DIY built PC step by step

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhX0fOUYd8Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWB2UHCT0dw

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