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Week 4 - Data Communication

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Week 4 - Data Communication

Uploaded by

chennivoon00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11/9/2020

DATA COMMUNICATION

Data Communication

• Data Communications
between two devices
• Networks provide networking
services between two entities
• The communications
between two end-points uses
Protocol

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Data Communication

• Data communication refers to the exchange of data between a


source and a receiver via form of transmission media such as a
wire cable. Data communication is said to be local if
communicating devices are in the same building or a similarly
restricted geographical area.

Data Communication

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The user clicks on a link to indicate which document is to be


1. retrieved.

The browser must determine the address that contains the


2. document. It does this by sending a query to its local name
server.

3. Once the address is known the browser establishes a connection to


the specified machine, usually a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
connection. In order for the connection to be successful, the
specified machine must be ready to accept TCP connections.

4.
The browser runs a client version of HTTP, which issues a request
specifying both the name of the document and the possible
document formats it can handle.

5. The machine that contains the requested document runs a server


version of HTTP. It reacts to the HTTP request by sending an HTTP
response which contains the desired document in the appropriate
format.

6.
The TCP connection is then closed and the user may view
the document.

Figure 1.4 - Introduces topic

Data Communication

Request

HTTP HTTP
client server
Response

Figure 2.1

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Data Communication

• A data communication system may collect data from remote locations


through data transmission circuits, and then outputs processed results
to remote locations.
• Data communication communicate with such as modems, routers,
LAN, WAN, TCP/IP, ISDN, during the selection of communication
systems.
• Hence, it becomes necessary to review and understand these terms
and gradual development of data communication methods.

Remote data communication

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Components of data communication system


A Communication system has following components:

• Message: It is the information or data to be communicated. It can consist of text,


numbers, pictures, sound or video or any combination of these.
• Sender: It is the device/computer that generates and sends that message.
• Receiver: It is the device or computer that receives the message. The location of
receiver computer is generally different from the sender computer. The distance
between sender and receiver depends upon the types of network used in
between.
• Medium: It is the channel or physical path through which the message is carried
from sender to the receiver. The medium can be wired like twisted pair wire,
coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable or wireless like laser, radio waves, and microwaves.
• Protocol: It is a set of rules that govern the communication between the devices.
Both sender and receiver follow same protocols to communicate with each other.

The effectiveness of data communications

Depends on four fundamental characteristics:


• Delivery: The data must be deliver in correct order with correct destination.
• Accuracy: The data must be deliver accurately.
• Timeliness: The data must be deliver in a timely manner. late delivered Data
useless.
• Jitter: It is the uneven delay in the packet arrival time that cause uneven quality.

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Open Systems
Interconnection
(OSI) model

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model

• The Open Systems Interconnection


(OSI) model is a conceptual model
created by the International
Organization for Standardization
which enables diverse
communication systems to
communicate using standard
protocols.

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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model

• The OSI model can be seen as


a universal language for
computer networking. It’s
based on the concept of
splitting up a communication
system into seven abstract
layers, each one stacked upon
the last.

https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/ddos/glossary/open-systems-interconnection-model-osi/

CHARACTER
CODES

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ASCII

• It is an acronym for the American Standard Code for Information


Interchange.
• It is a standard seven-bit code that was first proposed by the
American National Standards Institute or ANSI in 1963, and finalized
in 1968 as ANSI Standard X3.4.
• The purpose of ASCII was to provide a standard to code various
symbols (visible and invisible symbols)

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ASCII

• Bytes can represent any collection


of items using a “look-up table”
approach
• ASCII is used to represent
characters

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ASCII

• In the ASCII character set, each binary value between 0 and 127
represents a specific character.
• Most computers extend the ASCII character set to use the full range
of 256 characters available in a byte. The upper 128 characters handle
special things like accented characters from common foreign
languages.

ASCII

• Externally, it appears that human beings will use natural languages


symbols to communicate with computer.
• But internally, computer will convert everything into binary data.
• Then process all information in binary world.
• Finally, computer will convert binary information to human
understandable languages.

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Unicode

• A worldwide character-encoding standard


• Its main objective is to enable a single, unique character set that is
capable of supporting all characters from all scripts, as well as
symbols, that are commonly utilized for computer processing
throughout the globe
• Fun fact: Unicode is capable of encoding about at least 1,110,000
characters!

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Unicode Text Encoding Examples

Character Code Point UTF-16 UTF-8


a U+0061 0061 61
ä U+00E4 00E4 C3 A0
σ U+03C3 03C3 CF 83
‫א‬ U+05D0 05D0 D7 90
٣ U+0663 0663 D9 A3
カ U+30AB 30AB E3 82 AB
退 U+9000 9000 E9 80 80
𡯁 U+21BC1 D846 DFC1 F0 A1 AF 81

20 Unicode Overview 11/8/2020

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