‭ . Explain ASM architecture?

‬
1
‭2. Explain the advantages of using ASM.‬

I‭t spreads i/o across the disk uniformly.‬

‭Performs automatic rebalance upon disk addition and deletion‬
‭Capable of leveraging multipath layer.‬
‭Mirroring and striping capability.‬
‭tightly coupled with OMF‬
‭Reduces administration complexity.‬
‭Overcomes filesize limitation‬
‭3. How asm mirroring works?‬

‭4. Explain different RAID levels.‬

‭RAID 0 – provides striping capability.‬

‭RAID 1 – Provides mirroring capability.‬

‭RAID 0+1 – First striping, then mirrored‬

‭RAID 1+0 – First mirroring then striping – Mostly used for oracle database‬

‭RAID 5 – With additional parity‬

‭RAID 6 – With additional parity‬

‭5. How ASM interacts with database?‬

‭ irst time, when rdbms instance tries to access an asm file, It needs to establish a local asm‬
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‭connection.‬

‭ SMB process contacts CSS using diskgroup names and gets the connection string. Using that‬
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‭connection string, bequeath connection is established between asm and RDBMS instance.‬

‭ he RDBMS authenticates itself to the ASM instance via operating system (OS) authentication‬
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‭by connecting as SYSDBA. This initial connection between the ASM instance and the RDBMS‬
‭instance is known as the umbilicus, and remains active as long as the RDBMS instance has any‬
‭ASM files open.‬

‭ SMB is the rdbms side process and UFG(umbilicus foreground process) is the asm side‬
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‭process. Both communciate through this umbilicus.‬

‭ hen ASM instance opens a datafile, ASM ships the file’s extent map to rdbms instance ,‬
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‭where it is stored in SGA.‬
‭ y using that extent map , rdbms can do i/o on the asm files directly without going through asm‬
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‭instance‬

‭6. Can i keep disks of different sizes in a diskgroup?‬

‭ hough we can keep different sized disks in a diskgroup, The extent distribution will be‬
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‭unbalanced. And it will induce unbalanced i/o across the diskgroup.‬

‭Oracle always recommends to use disks of same size in a diskgroup.‬

‭7. ASM power limit?‬

‭ SM_POWER_LIMIT parameter controlled the throughput and speed of the rebalance‬

A
‭operation.‬

‭In 12c the values varies from 1-1024. Value of 0 will disable the automatic rebalance operation.‬

‭If asm_power_limit is 10 , then 10 ARBn processes will be created to do the rebalance job.‬

‭ ut please note, Higher value of asm_power_limit can cause more cpu load. So always use a‬
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‭balanced value and try to do these in non-peak hours.‬

‭ . What are some important ASM background processes?‬

8
‭Ezoic‬

‭RBAL – This opens all the devices upon discovery and coordinate the rebalance operation.‬

‭ARBn – These are the slave processes, that do the rebalance operation‬

‭DBWR – Writes ASM instance metadata changes in sga buffer to DISK.‬

‭LGWR – It manages the active change directory and flushes the ACD change records to disk.‬

‭PMON – This manages process and process death‬

‭GMON – This manages disk level activities like disk drop/add/offline/online.‬

‭MARK – > Mark allocation Unit, process coordinates the updates to the staleness registry‬

‭SMON – >‬

‭PING – > Monitors network latency‬

‭9. What are the parameters of asm instance?‬

‭asm_diskstrings:‬

‭asm_powerlimit‬

‭instance_name‬

‭large_pool_size‬

‭processes‬

‭10. There is a control_file parameter for asm instance. If i delete that what will happen?‬

I‭n some version of asm , there will a control_file for asm_instance. It is a dummy control_file,‬
‭which is of no use. It is meaningless.‬

‭However in latest version (19c) , This parameter is not available.‬

‭11. How can i improve the i/o performance between database instance and asm instance?‬

‭ sm instance is not in the i/o path . Database perform i/o directly with asm disks, It doesnt go‬
a
‭through asm instance. i.e there is no relation between database instance and asm instance in‬
‭terms of I/O.‬

‭Database instance only get the asm extent map information(asm metadata) from asm instance.‬

‭12. What is the minimum number of asm disk groups we should have?‬

‭2 diskgroups.‬

‭13. What are the different header status of asm disks.?‬

‭ ANDIDATE – > Means disk is available and can be added to diskgroup.( Usually in solaris‬
C
‭sparc, hpux)‬

‭ ROVISIONED – > Same as candidate disk, But disk was provisioned using asmlib. ( Usually in‬
P
‭Linux,)‬

‭MEMBER – > Means disk is already part of a diskgroup‬

‭ ORMER – > Mean disk was formerly part of a diskgroup ,But currently not part of any‬
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‭diskgroup.‬
‭14. Can we add a MEMBER disk to a asm diskgroup?‬

‭15. Explain different redundancy types of asm diskgroups.‬

‭The redundancy levels are:‬

‭ XTERNAL redundancyOracle ASM does not provide mirroring redundancy and relies on the‬
E
‭storage system to provide RAID functionality. Any write error causes a forced dismount of the‬
‭disk group. All disks must be located to successfully mount the disk group.‬
‭NORMAL redundancyOracle ASM provides two-way mirroring by default, which means that all‬
‭files are mirrored so that there are two copies of every extent. A loss of one Oracle ASM disk is‬
‭tolerated. You can optionally choose three-way or unprotected mirroring.A file specified with‬
‭HIGH redundancy (three-way mirroring) in a NORMAL redundancy disk group provides‬
‭additional protection from a bad disk sector in one disk, plus the failure of another disk.‬
‭However, this scenario does not protect against the failure of two disks.‬
‭HIGH redundancyOracle ASM provides three-way (triple) mirroring by default. A loss of two‬
‭Oracle ASM disks in different failure groups is tolerated.‬
‭16. What is multi pathing? How asm works with multi-pathing?‬

‭ enerally i/o path consists of components lke LUN ,adapter, cable, switches etc. These are‬
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‭configured between storage and server system.‬

‭ nd in High availability env, we use multiple components, Which provides us multiple i/o path‬
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‭options between storage and server, which helps in load balancing and failover in case of any‬
‭path /component failure.‬

‭Different vendors provided multiple pathing solution such as by EMC. ( emcpower) .‬

‭Lets say the first path to disk /dev/rdsk/c12900c4‬

‭second path to disk /dev/rdsk/c1300c4,‬

‭Then emc will create a pseudo device name call /dev/rdsk/emcpower1.‬

‭ASM doesnt provide multipathing on its own. But we can incorporate 3rd party solution to asm.‬

‭So we can use asmlib to make this /dev/rdsk/emcpower1 as asmdisk and use it .‬

‭ or example, if you are configuring ASMLIB with EMC’s PowerPath, you can use the following‬
F
‭setup:‬

‭ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE=sd‬

‭ORACLEASM_SCANORDER=emcpower‬
‭ RACLEASM_SCANORDER dictates the ASMLIB scan order of the devices, using the generic‬
O
‭prefix.‬

‭ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE indicates which devices should not be discovered by ASMLIB.‬

‭17. What is disk_repair_time in asm?‬

‭18. What Allocation unit(AU) in asm?‬

‭ his is the fundamental unit of allocation in a diskgroup.‬

T
‭Default AU is 1 MB, can be changed to 2,4,8,16,32MB etc.‬
‭In exadata default AU is 4 MB.‬
‭This is a disk group attribute. So each diskgroup can have their own AU_SIZE attribute.‬
‭19. What is ASM extent?‬

‭Consists of one or more AU. A asm file consists of one or multiple asm extents .‬

‭From 11g onwards, we have variable extent size.i.e‬

‭First 20,000 extent sets will have extent size equal to disk group AU_SIZE.‬
‭ ext 20,000 extent sets will have extent size equal to 4*AU_SIZE‬
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‭Next 20,000 and higher will have extent size equal to 16* AU_SIZE‬
‭Why variable extent size?‬

‭ or each extent there is an extent map in shared pool. If the large databases use the default‬
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‭extent size. ( which is equal to au_size), then sga memory requirement for ASM instance will be‬
‭very high and it need to store a lot extent maps in memory.‬

‭ ith variable extent size feature , database need fewer extents to describe an asm file, and less‬
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‭memory to manage the extent maps in shared pool.‬

‭20. For very large databases , should we use small AU or large AU?‬

‭If the database is very big, then larger AU is recommended, Because‬

‭ educed SGA size to manage the extent maps in the RDBMS instance‬
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‭Increased file size limits‬
‭Reduced database open time, because VLDBs usually have many big datafiles( In 11g , this‬
‭has been eradicated by fetching extents only on demand).‬
‭In Oracle 11g, only the first 60 extents in the extent map are sent at file-open time. The rest are‬
‭sent in batches as required by the RDBMS.‬

‭21. When rebalance happens?‬

‭ hanges like adding, dropping disks, triggers rebalance operation. Rebalance operation‬
C
‭provides even distribution of file extents and space usage across all the disks of a diskgroup.‬
‭This is necessary for asm to provided balance i/o.‬

‭22. Explain in detail how rebalance works?‬

‭Let’s say a new disk has been added. Then below is the sequence of rebalance.‬

‭ his triggers the RBAL process to create the rebalance plan and then begin coordination of the‬
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‭redistribution‬
‭RBAL calculates estimated time and work required to perform the task and then messages the‬
‭ASM Rebalance (ARBx) processes to handle the request. ASM_POWER_LIMIT decides how‬
‭many number of ARBn processes will be created.‬
‭The Continuing Operations Directory (COD) is updated to reflect a rebalance activity. This is‬
‭important, Because support the rebalance is failed in the middle , Then the other instance can‬
‭use this COD to either complete or rollback the rebalance operation.‬
‭RBAL distributes plans to the ARBs. In general, RBAL generates a plan per file; however, larger‬
‭files can be split among ARBs.‬
‭ARBx performs rebalance on these extents. Each extent is locked, relocated, and unlocked.‬
‭We can monitor rebalance operation from v$asm_operation.‬

‭ 3. Let’s say currently rebalance is running with power limit of 5. After running for 1 hour, we‬
2
‭found that it is slow and we need to complete it quickly. Can we increase the power limit and‬
‭what will be the impact on ongoing rebalance operation?‬

‭ es, we can increase the power limit of existing rebalance operations. As soon as we increase‬
Y
‭the power limit, additional ARB processes will be created and will try to complete the rest of the‬
‭rebalance operation.‬

‭ hat if we reduce the power limit to 2 ?- > In that case the rebalance will be handled by 2‬
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‭ARB processes. And those extra ARB process which were already running, then will finish their‬
‭extent relocation and then they are closed.‬

‭ 4. In your diskgroup, all the disks are of same size. But still when you find that disks are not‬
2
‭balanced. What could be the reason?‬

‭ ither asm disk was added with rebalance power of 0(ZERO).‬

E
‭Or Previous rebalance by aborted due to any reason. ( which was not completed after that).‬

‭25. What will happen if the sever crashed in the middle of rebalance operation?‬

‭26. Difference between asmlib and asm filter driver?‬

‭27. Is there any dependency between ASM and ASSM?‬

‭No there is no relation between them.‬

‭28. Explain in detail, what happens when a asm file is CREATED by oracle database.‬

‭Suppose a database wants to create datafile inside ASM.‬

‭ irst a file creation request is send from rdbms to asm which include info like‬
F
‭DG_NAME,FILE_TYPE,SIZE, BLOCK size etc through Onn process‬
‭ASM use this information to allocate the file( by considering the redundancy and striping details‬
‭as per template information received)‬
‭After allocating the file, asm sends extent map information to rdbms instance.‬
‭ASM creates COD entry to track pending file creation process.‬
‭RDBMS instance then initialize the file and complete the process.‬
‭After asm receives the confirmation from rdbms instance, LGWR will flush the ACD records.‬
‭Then DBWR will write to allocation table, file directory information.‬
‭If file creation is aborted , in the middle, then ASM will use COD data to rollback the operation.‬

‭29. Explain in detail, what happens when a asm file is OPENED by oracle database.‬

‭When asm instance need to open an asm file‬

‭RDBMS sends an open file request with the file name to asm through o0nn process.‬

‭ASM gets the extent map information from file directory‬

‭30. Explain in detail, what happens when a asm file is DELETED by oracle database.‬

‭31. My ASM /grid version is 19c, Can I have one 19c and one 12c database in that?‬

‭32. Explain what you know about ASM metadata?‬

‭ SM stores metadata to describe and track diskgroup contents. All of the metadata‬
A
‭that describe the composition and contents of an ASM diskgroup are stored within the diskgroup‬
‭itself, which makes each diskgroup self- describing.‬

‭ASM has two main classses of metadata.‬

‭Physical Metadata‬

‭Virtual Metadata‬

‭Physical Metadata:‬
‭ hey are stored in a fixed locations on the disk. This fixed location is necessary for asm‬
T
‭bootstapping. This‬

‭ isk Header‬
D
‭Allocation Table (AT)‬
‭Free Space Table (FST)‬
‭Partnership Status Table (PST)‬
‭Virtual Metadata:‬

‭ ile Directory – Stores information about asm files(name,size,type,striping infor, redundancy) in‬
F
‭a diskgroup.‬
‭Disk Directory – Stores information about disks in a diskgroup.‬
‭Active Change Directory (ACD)‬
‭Continuing Operations Directory (COD) s Template DirectoryAlias Directory‬
‭Attribute Directory‬
‭Staleness Directory‬
‭Staleness Registry‬
‭33. What is allocation Table?‬

‭ ach asm disk has a allocation table(AT), to track free and allocated space within the disk.‬
E
‭This table contains each allocation entry(ATE) for each AU(Allocation Unit).‬
‭ATES are grouped into allocation table block( ATB)‬
‭Unallocated AUs are marked as free in the Allocation Table. The free extents are kept in a‬
‭linked list to facilitate quickly finding a free AU for allocation.‬

‭34. What is free space Table(FST)?‬

‭ ST indicates which Allocation table blocks(ATB) contains free AU.‬

F
‭Whenever a disk is selected for allocation, then ASM consults FST, so that it can skip ATBs‬
‭which are fully occupied.‬
‭35. What is Partnership status table ?‬

‭36. What is the default asm metadata block size?‬

‭ etadata block size is 4K . Note that asm metadata block size is independent of oracle‬
M
‭database files.‬

‭37. What is active change directory(ACD) ?‬

‭Active change Directory‬

‭It is similar to redolog in database.‬

‭ hen the ASM instance needs to make an atomic change to multiple metadata blocks, a log‬
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‭record is written into the ASM active change directory (ACD),‬
‭ASM uses the ACD to perform crash recovery and instance recovery to ensure that the ASM‬
‭metadata is consistent.‬

‭38.What is Continuous operation directory(COD)?‬

‭ his is similar to Undo in database‬

T
‭Long running operations like CREATE/DROP DISK , rebalance activities are tracking via this‬
‭file.‬
‭If the long running processes die before completing the process. Then recovery process check‬
‭this file , then either complete or rollback the task accordingly.‬
‭2 types of continuing operations:‬

‭Background:‬

‭ isk group rebalance is a background operation process.‬

D
‭If rebalance fails or asm instance crashes, then the surviving instance will refer this file to‬
‭complete the process.‬
‭Rollback :‬

I‭t is performed by foreground process. Foreground process performs on behalf of database‬

‭instance.‬
‭If creation of asm file operation fails, then the partially created file need to be deleted .‬
‭example- Create/delete/drop file.‬
‭39.What is Staleness registry?‬

‭ he staleness registry tracks allocation units that became stale when the disk is offline, (‬
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‭Possible only in normal or high redundancy only).‬
‭The staleness directory contains metadata to map the slots in staleness registry to particular‬
‭disk and rdbms database.‬
‭When a disk goes offline, each RDBMS instance gets a slot in the staleness registry for that‬
‭disk. This slot has a bit for each allocation unit in the offline disk. When an RDBMS instance I/O‬
‭write is targeted for an offline disk, that instance sets the corresponding bit in the staleness‬
‭registry.‬
‭When disk becomes online, it checks the AU, who has this bit set and copies the mirror extents‬
‭for them.‬
‭40.Explain how extent relocation happens in asmdisks?‬

‭ elocation is the act of moving extents from one disk to another in a diskgroup, which mostly‬
R
‭happens during rebalance operation.‬

‭Relocation happens per extent basic.‬

‭There are two scenarios:‬

‭File close:‬

‭ or a given extent, if the file is closed, then asm can relocate the extents without sending any‬
F
‭messages to other asm or rdbms instances.‬

‭File open:‬

‭ ut for a given extent, if the file is open, then the the asm instance , which is handling this‬
B
‭relocation, will first send a message to all the asm instances, that it is planning to relocate the‬
‭extent. The asm instances will again send messesges to rdbms instance using umbilicius..‬
‭Now rdbms will delay the write to this extent until relocation is completed.( Though chances are‬
‭small that , the rdbms is writing to the extent ,which is getting relocated at the same time).‬
‭Now asm will do the actual relocation. And at this time , if any rdbms instance wants to read that‬
‭extent, they can read from the old location also. But if write request comes, then they need to‬
‭wait till relocation is completed.‬
‭Once relocation is done, asm will release the old AU extents to free pool.‬

‭41.Explain how asm crash recovery happens?‬

‭ASM crash recovery is similar to that of database instance crash recovery.‬

‭Two virtual metadata directories are responsible for crash recovery.‬

‭Active change directory(ACD) – Which is like REDO in database‬

‭Continuous Change Directory(COD) – Which is like UNDO in database‬

‭When we asm crash recovery Means it is asm diskgroup recovery. During recovery‬

‭ irst the surviving instance applies the ACD record associated with crashed instance.Applying‬
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‭ACD records ensure that the asm cache is in consistent mode.‬
‭After ACD recovery is completed, COD recovery happens if any long running operation like file‬
‭creation or disk addition was goind on during instance crash.‬
‭42. Does rebalance happens periodically?‬

‭No rebalance doesn’t happen periodically.‬

‭ 3. Suppose User is running a create datafile command in database, But in the middle the‬
4
‭server crashed . What will happen to create datafile command?‬

‭This will be rolled back.‬

‭44. How do you know whether rebalance is going on or not?‬

‭45. What is the use of kfed utility?‬

‭46. What is + sign in every ASM diskgroup?‬

‭47. What is the use of incarnation number in asm file system?‬

‭ 8. Lets say you have disk group with normal redundancy. And one disk of that diskgroup‬
4
‭became offline temporarily. And in the mean time that diskgroup received lot of transaction. So‬
‭how that disk will be synced with its mirror disks.?‬

‭Using staleness registry and staleness directory.‬

‭49. Can i export(expdp) data to ASM diskgroup.‬

‭Yes we can. For that create the directory with asm path.‬

‭create directory EXPDIR as ‘+FRA/BACKUP’;‬

‭50. What is oracle ACFS and in which scenarios ACFS is useful?‬

‭51. What is Flex ASM?‬

‭ ith Oracle Flex ASM, the clients can connect to remote ASM using network connection (ie‬
W
‭ASM network ). If a server running an ASM instance fails, Oracle Clusterware will start a new‬
‭ASM instance on a different server to maintain the cardinality. If a 12c database instance is‬
‭using a particular ASM instance, and that instance is lost because of a server crash or ASM‬
‭instance failure, then the Oracle 12c database instance will reconnect to an existing ASM‬
‭instance on another node. These features are collectively called Oracle Flex ASM.‬

‭52. What are the advantages of using ASM instead of traditional raw file system?‬

‭53. What is asm striping?‬

‭Oracle ASM separate files into stripes and spread them across all the disks of a disk group.‬

‭Why striping?‬

‭ o balance load across disks‬

T
‭To reduce I/O Latency‬
‭Two types of striping in asm.‬

‭COARSE GRAINED:‬
I‭n coarse grain, the stripe size is same as AU of asm diskgroup.( i.e 1 MB default)‬
‭It is helpful for voluminous i/o .‬
‭It manages load across disks.‬
‭Datafile, redolog file, tempfiles are coarse grained‬
‭FINE GRAINED:‬

‭ he stripe size is 128 KB.‬

T
‭Helpful for low latency activities.‬
‭Useful for files of small size with small io‬
‭Only controlfile is fine grained currently as controlfile size is small and it can be spead across‬
‭disks.‬

‭54. Why control_file is fine grained?‬

‭ 5. Suppose we need 5 disks of 1 TB each to an existing diskgroup. Should I add them one by‬
5
‭one or add all the 5 disk at a time? Which method will create less overhead.‬

I‭t is a best practice to add and drop multiple disks at a time so that ASM can reorganize‬
‭partnership information within ASM metadata more efficiently.‬

‭56. What is the benefit of using asmlib?‬

I‭t simplifies asm disk administration.‬

‭ASMLIB efficiently handles file descriptors and thus reduces the number of open file descriptors‬
‭on the system, making it less likely to run out of global file descriptors. Also, the open and close‬
‭operations are reduced, ensuring orderly cleanup of file descriptors when the storage‬
‭configuration changes.‬

‭57.What is fast rebalance feature of oracle 11g asm?‬

‭ sually, when we add or drop disks to a diskgroup, rebalance is initiated and communication‬
U
‭started between all the active ASM instances. And if rebalance operation is big one, then these‬
‭messasging between the asm instances can cause a delay.‬

‭ o in a situation , where user dont need to access the diskgroup, then we can use this fast‬
S
‭rebalance feature. Means rebalance will be performed by only one asm instance.‬

‭Note – The asm diskgroup will be accessible to oracle database during this phase.‬

‭Steps for fast rebalance in 2 node RAC:‬

‭Dismount the diskgroup from all the asm nodes.‬

‭ ount the diskgroup only one node asm instance with restrict( ALTER DISKGROUP DATA‬
M
‭MOUNT restrict)‬
‭Do storage activites like add/drop disk ( this will start the rebalance)‬
‭Once rebalance is completed. Dismount the diskgroup from that one node. and MOUNT the‬
‭diskgroup on all nodes of cluster.‬

‭58.What is asm proxy?‬

‭ ith introduction of Flex ASM in Oracle 12c, hard dependency between ASM and its clients has‬
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‭been relaxed .i.e all the nodes in a cluster no need have active asm instance.‬
‭In such a scenario, in order to make ACFS services available on nodes without an ASM‬
‭instance, a new instance type has been introduced by Flex ASM.‬
‭The ASM-proxy instance which works on behalf of a real ASM instance. ASM Proxy instance‬
‭fetches the metadata about ACFS volumes and file systems from an ASM instance and caches‬
‭it.‬
‭If ASM instance is not available locally, ASM proxy instance connects to other ASM instances‬
‭over the network to fetch the metadata.‬
‭Additionally, if the local ASM instance fails, then ASM proxy instance can failover to another‬
‭surviving ASM instance on a different server resulting in uninterrupted availability of shared‬
‭storage and ACFS file systems.‬
‭59. How can we check whether flex asm is enabled or not? Also If i have 5 node RAC, and I‬
‭want to keep 3 ASM instanes in any of the 3 nodes out of 5., How i will do it.‬

‭ SMCMD> showclustermode‬
A
‭ASM cluster : Flex mode enabled‬
‭[root@dbatestbin]# ./srvctl modify asm -count 3‬
‭[root@dbatest bin]# ./srvctl config asm‬
‭ASM home: /crsapp/app/oracle/grid/19c_home‬
‭Password file: +DATA/paramfile/orapwASM‬
‭ASM listener: LISTENER‬
‭ASM instance count: 3‬
‭Cluster ASM listener: ASMNET1LSNR_ASM‬
‭60. How flex asm works?‬

‭ ith Oracle Flex ASM, the clients can connect to remote ASM using network connection (ie‬
W
‭ASM network ). If a server running an ASM instance fails, Oracle Clusterware will start a new‬
‭ASM instance on a different server to maintain the cardinality. If a 12c database instance is‬
‭using a particular ASM instance, and that instance is lost because of a server crash or ASM‬
‭instance failure, then the Oracle 12c database instance will reconnect to an existing ASM‬
‭instance on another node. These features are collectively called Oracle Flex ASM.‬

‭ lex ASM requires a separate listener called ASMLISTENER to be configured on a different port‬
F
‭number which is not being used by any other Listener. The other important thing is that FLEX‬
‭ SM requires a separate network with which the ASM instances and it’s clients communicate.‬
A
‭You can also make use of the private network ethernet (used for inter node communication) as‬
‭the network for the ASM instances and it’s clients to communicate.‬

‭61. How can we convert standard asm to flex asm?‬

[‭oracle]$ asmca -silent -convertToFlexASM -asmNetworks eth1/192.168.1.0 -asmListenerPort‬

‭1529‬

‭[root]# /crsapp/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/asmca/scripts/converttoFlexASM.sh‬

‭srvctl config asm‬

‭ e can change the asm cardinality i.e If we have 3 node RAC, and we want ASM to run on 2‬
W
‭node RAC, then‬

‭[oracle@]$ srvctl modify asm -count 2‬

‭Alternatively we can use the GUI method i.e using ASMCA utility.‬

‭ 2. Suppose the spfile location inside the gpnp profile is missing, Will the asm start during‬
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‭cluster startup?‬

‭When an Oracle ASM instance searches for an initialization parameter file, the search order is:‬

‭ he location of the initialization parameter file specified in the Grid Plug and Play (GPnP) profile‬
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‭If the location has not been set in the GPnP profile, then the search order changes to:‬
‭SPFILE OR PFILE in the Oracle ASM instance homeFor example, the SPFILE for Oracle ASM‬
‭has the following default path in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home in a Linux‬
‭environment:$GRID_HOME/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora‬
‭Note:‬

‭ PFILE or SPFILE is required if your configuration uses nondefault initialization parameters for‬
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‭the Oracle ASM instance.‬

‭ 3. User ran select * from EMP, where the datafile is in ASM . Explain how it will get the data‬
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‭from asm disks.‬

‭64. How you estimate how much the rebalance will take?‬

‭65. What are the different phases of diskgroup rebalance?‬

‭ lanning‬
P
‭File extents relocation‬
‭ isk compacting‬
D
‭66. What is this compact phase in asm rebalance? Is it really necessary and can we disable it?‬

I‭n compact phase, the data is moved to outer layer of the asm disks. Because outer region or‬
‭the hot track has good bandwidth and greater speed.‬

‭ ompact phase may take some time during the rebalance operation. So if we are using flash‬
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‭disks, then there is no need of compacting. So we can chose the disable it depending on which‬
‭oracle version you were.‬

‭oracle 12c onward:( we can alter at diskgroup level)‬

‭ALTER DISKGROUP <dg> SET ATTRIBUTE ‘_rebalance_compact’=’FALSE’;‬

‭Prior to 12c( We need to change parameter at instance level)‬

‭alter system set _disable_rebalance_compact=true ….‬

‭67. What is flex asm diskgroup?‬