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Led With Arduino 02

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53 views4 pages

Led With Arduino 02

Uploaded by

manojdhawan2017
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 1 Blinking LED

Overview

In this tutorial, we will start the journey of learning Arduino UNO. In the first
lesson, we will learn how to make a LED blinking.

Requirement

- 1* Arduino UNO
- 1* USB Cable
- 1* 220Ω Resistor
- 1* LED
- 1* Breadboard
- 2* Jumper Wires

Principle

In this lesson, we will program the Arduino's GPIO output high(+5V) and low
level(0V), and then make the LED which is connected to the Arduino’s GPIO
flicker with a certain frequency.
1. What is the LED?

The LED is the abbreviation of light emitting diode. It is usually made of


gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide semiconductor materials. The LED has
two electrodes, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, it will light only
when a forward current passes, and it can be red, blue, green or yellow light,
etc. The color of light depends on the materials it was made.

In general, the drive current for LED is 5-20mA. Therefore, in reality it usually
needs an extra resistor for current limitation so as to protect the LED.

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2. What is the resistor?

The main function of the resistor is to limit current. In the circuit, the character
‘R’ represents resistor, and the unit of resistor is ohm(Ω).

The band resistor is used in this experiment. A band resistor is one whose
surface is coated with some particular color through which the resistance can
be identified directly.

There are two methods for connecting LED to Arduino’s GPIO:

As shown in the schematic diagram above, the anode of LED is connected to


Arduino’s GPIO via a resistor, and the cathode of LED is connected to the
ground(GND). When the GPIO output high level, the LED is on; when the GPIO
output low level, the LED is off.

The size of the current-limiting resistor is calculated as follows: 5~20mA


current is required to make an LED on, and the out put voltage of the Arduino
UNO’s GPIO is 5V, so we can get the resistance：

R = U / I = 5V / (5~20mA) = 250Ω~1KΩ

Since the LED has a certain resistance, thus we choose a 220ohm resistor.

As shown in the schematic diagram above, the anode of LED is connected to


VCC(+5V), and the cathode of LED is connected to the Arduino’s GPIO. When
the GPIO output low level, the LED is on; when the GPIO output high level, the
LED is off.

The experiment is based on method ①, we select Arduino's D8 pin to control


the LED. When the Arduino’s D8 pin is programmed to output high level, then
the LED will be on, next delay for the amount of time, and then programmed
the D8 pin to low level to make the LED off. Continue to perform the above
process, you can get a blinking LED.

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3. Key functions:

● setup()

The setup() function is called when a sketch starts. Use it to initialize variables,
pin modes, start using libraries, etc. The setup function will only run once,
after each powerup or reset of the Arduino board.

●loop()

After creating a setup() function, which initializes and sets the initial values,
the loop() function does precisely what its name suggests, and loops
consecutively, allowing your program to change and respond. Use it to actively
control the Arduino board.

●pinMode()

Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.

As of Arduino 1.0.1, it is possible to enable the internal pullup resistors with


the mode INPUT_PULLUP. Additionally, the INPUT mode explicitly disables the
internal pullups.

●digitalWrite()

Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.

If the pin has been configured as an OUTPUT with pinMode(), its voltage will be
set to the corresponding value: 5V (or 3.3V on 3.3V boards) for HIGH, 0V
(ground) for LOW.

If the pin is configured as an INPUT, digitalWrite() will enable (HIGH) or disable


(LOW) the internal pullup on the input pin. It is recommended to set the
pinMode() to INPUT_PULLUP to enable the internal pull-up resistor.

●delay()

Pauses the program for the amount of time (in miliseconds) specified as
parameter. (There are 1000 milliseconds in a second.)

Procedures

1. Build the circuit

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2. Program
/***********************************************************
File name: 01_blinkingLed.ino
Description: Lit LED, let LED blinks.
Website: www.adeept.com
E-mail: [email protected]
Author: Tom
Date: 2015/05/02
***********************************************************/
int ledPin=8; //definition digital 8 pins as pin to control the LED
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT); //Set the digital 8 port mode, OUTPUT:
Output mode
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH); //HIGH is set to about 5V PIN8
delay(1000); //Set the delay time, 1000 = 1S
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW); //LOW is set to about 5V PIN8
delay(1000); //Set the delay time, 1000 = 1S
}

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