1. Define the terms data and information.

What are the fundamental characteristics on which the

effectiveness of data communication depends on?
2. Give the components of data communication and explain.
3. How does the information passed from one layer to next layer in the Internet model
4. Explain Mesh topology using suitable diagram. Write down the differences between star
topology and mesh topology
5. a) Explain Layered architecture is preferred in Communication.
b) Explain OSI model in detail.
c) State the difference between OSI and TCP/IP.
6. a)What is network topology?
b) Explain different network topology with example and compare them each other.
c) With the help of an example of your choice, explain the difference between bit rate and
baud rate.
7. a)List out and explain types of transmission impairments.
b) Classify different types of transmission media, explain any two of them.
8. What do you mean by the term 'redundancy'? How is CRC generated from sender side? How
does a single bit error differ from burst error?
9. Why is flow control necessary in data communication? Why start bit and stop bit are used in
serial asynchronous communication?
10. What is framing in data link layer? Explain the different methods of framing in data link layer.
11. What is bit Stuffing? Why it is used?
12. Write down the different multiple access methods used in data communication.
13. What is CSMA/CD? Describe CSMA/CD with flow chart.
14. Prove that vulnerable time for slotted aloha protocol is equal to the average frame transmission
time.
15. What are the advantages of ATM based network?
16. Why is window size 2 m – 1 in case of sliding window protocol? Describe stop and wait ARQ lost
frame operation.
17. How does piggy backing save the bandwidth? What do you mean by ARQ? What is sliding
window?
18. Explain Go back to N protocol in detail. What is NAK?

19. What are the functions of Flag, Address and Control field of a HDLC frame?
20. Make a table to compare PPP frame with U-frame of HDLC.
21. Which fields are same Describe IEEE 802.3 Ethernet LAN architecture and which are different?
22. How does a single bit error differ from a brust error?
23. a)What is the difference between polling and selecting?
b)Why flow control is needed?
24. c)What is the requirement of framing?
25. a)What are the different random access technologies?
b)Calculate the throughput of pure ALOHA.
c)How throughput is improved in case of slotted ALOHA.
26. a)What are the different switching technologies used in the network?
b)What are the phases of virtual circuit network?
c)Sate the difference between permanent virtual circuit and dynamic virtual circuit?
d)How the virtual circuit identifier is generated in case of dynamic virtual circuit?
27. Define computer networks? Discuss various types of networks topologies in computer network.
28. Explain in brief different persistence strategies adopted in data communication
29. What is the IEEE standard for WLAN? Explain different architectural service available in IEEE
WLAN system
a) Explain the function of PCF. Advantage of PCF over DCF
 b) What are unicast multicast addresses?
c) Describe IEEE 802.3 MAC frame architecture.
d) Why is minimum frame size 64 byte for 10 base T-Ethernet?

30. What is the basic difference between bridge and hub? Why hub is called multi port receiver?
31. What is the basic difference between bridge and switch? Explain the function of repeater.
32. What is the difference between physical address and logical address? Explain with example.
Using an example show how physical addresses are changed in hot to hop communication
during the journey of packet?
33. What is the difference between intra and inter domain routing? Write down one example of
inter domain routing and explain it.
34. Explain the function of Network layer
35. Explain the difference between IPv4 and IPv6
36. What is the difference between classful and classless addressing schemes? A router inside the
organization receives the same packet with destination address 190.240.33.91. Show how it
finds the sub-network address to route the packet. Assume that subnet musk is /19
37. Difference between distance vector routing and link state routing
38. Difference between hierarchical routing and flooding
39. Explain the difference between ARP and DHCP
40. Define Subnetting & supernetting in IP network.
41. A block of address is granted to a small organization. One of the address is 225.17.37.39/28. Find
out the First address, Last address & total number of address.
42. Discuss about TCP/IP Handshaking process for connection establishment & termination.
43. What is IP address? Why is it unique and universal?
44. What is the difference between multicasting and broadcasting? Write down the advantages of
subnetting. What is datagram? Briefly describe IP datagram. Evaluate the minimum & maximum
size of an IP datagram
45. a)What are classful and classless addressing?
b)Discuss Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E addresses in ranges in decimal dot
notations with examples.
46. a Explain the structure of TCP/IP protocol.
47. What is NAT? Why it is used for?
48. Difference between data link layer, network layer and transport layer?
49. a)Explain TCP/IP suit.
50. b)State the difference between Port, logical, physical address
51. List out various routing algorithm and explain any two of them.
52. a)What is the function of router?
b) How the router is differs from the bridge?
c)In routing, what does the term “Shortest” means?
d)Explain Dijkstra Algorithm to find the shortest path in the network with suitable example.
53. a)What are the inter domain and intra domain routing?
54. b)Explain RIP and llink sate routing.
55. Explain the operation of leaky bucket algorithm
56. What is congestion control? Explain token bucket algorithm
57. What are the different transport layer protocols 5
58. What are the congestion control policies in Data link layer, Network layer and Transport layer
59. Define congestion. Discuss the various methods of preventing and managing congestion
60. Define QoS. Discuss the various methods used to maintain QoS in the network
61. Name the different transport layer protocols. Explain in brief the comparative analysis among
them.
62. State the advantage of SCTP over TCP. State the application of UDP
63. What is scheduling and explain different scheduling technique to improve QoS.
64. a)What are the three phases of a connection oriented transport service goes through?
b)What is the difference between end to end delivery in transport layer and end to end delivery
of network layer?
c)State the features of SCTP? Explain the frame format of SCTP.
65. What are the different architectures of Bluetooth technology? What is the IEEE standard for Blue
tooth technology?
66. What are the principles of security?
67. Why is symmetric key cryptography used for long messages?
68. How does symmetric key cryptography differ from public key crytography?
69. What is RSA? How does the decryption procedure take place using RSA technique?
70. What are the different types of encryption techniques ?
71. What do you mean by Asymmetric Key Cryptography?
72. Briefly describe RSA algorithm.
73. a)Describe the format of ATM cell.
b)What is the relation between TPs, VPs and VCs?
c) How does NNI differ from UNI?
74. What is the relation between plain text and cipher text?
75. What is IPsec? How does IPsec implement encryption and authentication?
76. a)Explain the different field of ATM header for NNI and UNI interface.
b)Explain AAL1 header.
c)What is the function of CS and SAR field of AAL1 header.
77. a)State two modes of IPSec operation.
b)Explain the header of AH protocol and ESP protocol.