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 Lesson 1

Lesson 1
n 1.1

Lesson 1.1
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2

Lesson 2

...

...
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 Match the pictures in Row A to Row B.

ROW
A

ROW
B
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FUNCTION
Is a relation between a dependent and
independent variable/s wherein for every
value of the independent variable, there exist
a unique or a single value of dependent
variable.
x - Independent variable
y - Dependent variable
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 Mon

FUNCTION VS RELATION
Lesson 1
Mon
Lesson 1
n 1.1

Lesson 1.1
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2
We say that a function is a
Lesson 1.3 relation, can we also say that a
Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2
relation is a function?
Lesson 2

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 Relation Function

A relation is a rule that relates values Function is a relation between a

from a set of values of domain to the dependent and independent variable/s
Lesson 1

Lesson 1 set of values from range. wherein for every value of the
n 1.1
independent variable, there exist a
Lesson 1.1 unique or a single value of dependent
Lesson 1.2
variable.
Lesson 1.2
The elements of the domain can be The elements of the domain can be
imagined as input to a machine that imagined as input to a machine that
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
applies a rule to these inputs to applies a rule so that each input
Lesson 2

generate one or more outputs. corresponds to only one output.

Lesson 2

A relation is a set of ordered pairs A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y)

(x, y). such that no two ordered pairs have
same x-value but different y-values.
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 Lesson 1
Summary:
Lesson 1
n 1.1

Lesson 1.1
Lesson 1.2
When the x-value repeats, that is called
Lesson 1.2
Lesson 1.3
relation, and when the x-values are distinct,
Lesson 1.3 then it is a function.
Lesson 2

Lesson 2

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 Lesson 1

Lesson 1
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
on 1.2

Lesson 1.2
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2

Lesson 2

...

...
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 FUNCTION AS A MACHINE
A function machine must have 1 output in
every input. The output depends on the input
that only proves that variable y is dependent
to variable x.
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
‘ y is equal to function of x ’
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 M
Input Machine (a)
Lesson 1

Lesson 1
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
son 1.2

Lesson 1.2
INPUT: Any letter from the alphabet
OUTPUT: if vowel, 5; if consonant, 9
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3

9
Lesson 2

Lesson 2
Output
...

...
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 5
Input Machine (b)
Lesson 1

Lesson 1
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
sson 1.2

INPUT: Any whole number from 1-10

Lesson 1.2
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
OUTPUT: The input number multiplied by 0.75

3.75
Lesson 2

Lesson 2
Output
...

...
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 Lesson 1

Lesson 1
sson 1.1

Wed
Lesson 1.1
Lesson 1.2

Wed
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2

Lesson 2

...

...
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 Ways of Representing Function
Lesson 1
There are different faces or illustrations to represent a
Lesson 1 function. The x-values from the first set of elements is called
sson 1.1

domain, and y-values from the second set of elements is

Wed
Lesson 1.1 called range.
Lesson 1.2

Wed
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3
Ordered Pair Graph
Lesson 1.3

Table of Values Equation

Lesson 2

Lesson 2

Mapping Diagram Piecewise

...

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 Ordered Pair

Lesson 1

In this form, the values of independent variable (x)

Lesson 1
and the dependent variable (y) are written as a
point (x, y).
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2
DOMAIN
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3

𝑓(𝑥) = {(1,2), (3,4), (5,6) (7,8)}

Lesson 2

Lesson 2

...

...
 Ordered Pair

Lesson 1
Example 1:
Lesson 1
sson 1.1

F = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)}

Lesson 1.1

Domain: { 1, 2, 3, 4}
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3 Range: {2, 5}

Lesson 2

Lesson 2

Answer: The relation F is a function because no two

...

ordered pairs have the same x-value.

...
 Ordered Pair

Lesson 1
Example 2:
Lesson 1
sson 1.1

G = {(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)}
Lesson 1.1

Domain: { 1, 2, 3}
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3 Range: {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

Lesson 2

Lesson 2
Answer: Relation G is not a function because (1, 3) and
(1, 4) are ordered pairs with the same x-value
but different y-values.
...

...
 Table of Values

All the points in the ordered pairs can

be tabulated using two rows; the
independent variable and the
dependent variable to show the
relationship of the two variables.
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 Table of Values

Lesson 1

Example 1:
Lesson 1
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
f = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 5), (4, 5)}
x f(x)
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

1 2
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2

Lesson 2
2 2
3 5
4 5
...

...

FUNCTION
 Table of Values

Lesson 1 Example 2:
Lesson 1 (a) The following data were (b) Students of SEAITT batch
from the SEAITT canteen 2021-2022
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
No. of Rice Age (x) ID Number
Price f(x)
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2 meal (x) f(x)

1 PHP 10.00 17 2021-0224
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2
2 PHP 18.00 16 2021-6446
Lesson 2
3 PHP 22.00 20 2021-1114

...
4 PHP 26.50 17 2021-9090
...
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
 Mapping Diagram

Relations and functions can be

represented by mapping diagrams where the
elements of the domain are mapped to the
elements of the range using arrows.

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 Mapping Diagram

Lesson 1

EXAMPLE 1:
Lesson 1
sson 1.1
EXPONENTIATION EXPANDED FORM
Lesson 1.1

22 2𝑥2
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2
.
.

33
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
.
3𝑥3𝑥3
Lesson 2 .

Lesson 2
54 5𝑥5𝑥5𝑥5
...

... TYPE OF RELATION: ONE-TO-ONE

FUNCTION
 Mapping Diagram

Lesson 1

EXAMPLE 2:
Lesson 1
sson 1.1

SCHOOL
Lesson 1.1 SCHOOL BRANCHES
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2
FAIRVIEW
SM
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
NORTH EDSA
Lesson 2

Lesson 2
LEGAZPI
...

... TYPE OF RELATION: ONE-TO-MANY

NOT FUNCTION
 Mapping Diagram

Lesson 1

EXAMPLE 3:
Lesson 1

STUDENT
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1 SUBJECT

PRECAL
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

TERESA
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3 ENGLISH 1

Lesson 2

Lesson 2
ELS
...

... TYPE OF RELATION: MANY-TO-ONE

FUNCTION
 Lesson 1

Lesson 1
NOTE:
Lesson
Lesson 11
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1

“All functions are relations,

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
but not all relations are functions.”
Lesson 2

Lesson 2

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...
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 Graph

Recall that a relation between two sets of numbers can

be illustrated by a graph in a cartesian plane, and that a
function passes a vertical line test.

The Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only each vertical
line intersects the graph at most once.

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 Graph Vertical Line Test

FUNCTION
Lesson 1

FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION

Lesson 1

Lesson
Lesson 11
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2

Lesson 2

...
NOT FUNCTION FUNCTION < >

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 Equation

Functions can be represented in a form of equation. To

check if the given equation is a function, you must
substitute the domain to the given equation to get the
value of y.

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 Equation

EXAMPLE 1:
Lesson 1

Lesson 1
sson 1
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏
Lesson 1 Use the values 2, 3, and 4 as your x-value
Lesson 1.1

Lesson 1.1

Lesson 1.2
x function f(x)
Lesson 1.2
Lesson 1.3
2 𝑓 𝑥 = (2)2 +1 5
Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2 3 𝑓 𝑥 = (3)2 +1 10
Lesson 2
4 𝑓 𝑥 = (4)2 +1 17
...
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FUNCTION < >

 Equation

EXAMPLE 2:
Lesson 1

Lesson 1
sson 1
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙
Lesson 1 Use the values 2, 3, and 4 as your x-value
Lesson 1.1

Lesson 1.1

Lesson 1.2
x function f(x)
Lesson 1.2
2 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 − 5(2) -6
Lesson 1.3
Lesson 2
3 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 − 5(3) -11
Lesson 2
4 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 − 5(4) -16
...
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FUNCTION < >

 Equation

EXAMPLE 3:
Lesson 1

Lesson 1

Lesson
Lesson 11
sson 1.1
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙
Lesson 1.1 Use the values 2, 3, and 4 as your x-value
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3
x function f(x)
Lesson 1.3
2 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 2
Lesson 2
3 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 3
4 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 2, -2
...
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NOT FUNCTION < >

 Piecewise
Function

Is a function which consists of two or more

functions in a specified domain. The domain of
a piece-wise function is the union of the
specified domains.

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 Piecewise
Function

EXAMPLE 1:
Lesson 1

Lesson 1

Lesson
Lesson 11
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1 A user is charged 300 pesos monthly for a particular

Lesson 1.2

mobile plan, which includes 100 free text messages.

Lesson 1.2
Messages in excess of 100 are charged 1 peso each.
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
Represent the monthly amount of consumer as a
Lesson 2
function 𝒕 𝒎 , where 𝒎 is the number of messages
sent in a month.

...
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 Piecewise
Function

Given:
Lesson 1

Lesson 1

Lesson
Lesson 11
sson 1.1
1. user is charged 300 pesos monthly
Lesson 1.1 2. first 100 text messages are free
Lesson 1.2

3. excess of 100 are charged 1 peso each

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3 Solution: Let 𝑚 represent the amount paid by the

Lesson 1.3 consumer each month. It can be expressed by the
piecewise function.
Lesson 2

𝟑𝟎𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 < 𝒎 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎

𝒕 𝒎 = ቊ
...
𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝒎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 , 𝒊𝒇 𝒎 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎
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 Piecewise Function

EXAMPLE 2:
Lesson 1

Lesson 1

Lesson
Lesson 11
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
A jeepney ride costs PHP 8 for the first 4 kilometers,
and each additional kilometer adds PHP1.50 to the
Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.3
fare.
Lesson 1.3
Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney
Lesson 2 fare in terms of the distance in kilometers.

...
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 Piecewise
Function
Lesson 1

Given:
Lesson 1

Lesson
Lesson 11
sson 1.1

Lesson 1.1
1. minimum fare of Php 8 for the first 4 kilometers
Lesson 1.2
2. Over 4 kilometers adds up 1.5o pesos
Lesson 1.2
Solution: The input value is distance, and the output
is the cost of the jeepney fare. If represents the fare
Lesson 1.3

Lesson 1.3
as a function of a distance, function can be
Lesson 2 represented as follows:
𝟖, 𝒊𝒇 𝟎<𝒅≤𝟒
𝒇 𝒙 = ቊ
... 𝟖 + 𝒅 − 𝟒 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎, 𝒊𝒇 𝒅>𝟒
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THANK YOU