APP 639

DETECTION & MANAGEMENT OF SEED BORNE PATHOGENS

GOVIND BALLABH PANT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
PANTNAGAR

TITLE
“CHEMICALS & BIOLOGIAL CONTROL AGENTS USED FOR SEED
TREATMENT”

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Dr. Rashmi Tiwari Abhay Sharma
Dept of Plant Pathology I.d No. 59852
G.B.P.U.A&T, Pantnagar. M.Sc. (1st year)
Plant Pathology
SEED TREATMENT WITH CHEMICALS AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
AGENTS
Specific processing of the planting material to make it more resilient to harsh conditions is
known as seed treatment (or dressing). Depending on the treatment substance origin, there exist
synthetic and organic seed treatments. Also, different dressing preparations target different
pathogens and pests, so there are seed treatment fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, etc.
Finally, the three main types of dressing fall into pre-sowing, pre-storage, and mid-storage
treatments, based on the processing time.
Seed treatment methods
Pre-processing of the planting material before sowing promotes germination and overall crop
growth potential, as well as significantly increases resistance both to biotic and abiotic stresses.
In particular, biotic factors are pathogen and pests, while abiotic stresses include soil salinity,
poor soil types, droughts, and other unfavorable weather conditions.

Different methods of seed treatment comprise:

1. Fungicidal and insecticidal dressing,
2. Hardening,
3. Fortification,
4. Pelleting,
5. Infusion,
6. Osmotic priming,
7. Fluid drilling,
8. Separation of viable seeds.

Seed treatment with chemicals

S. Chemical Trade name Mode of action

No. (fungicides/bactericides)
01 Captan Captra Broad-spectrum, non-systemic
fungicide against various seed
decay and damping-off fungi,
such as Aspergillus, Fusarium,
Penicillium, and Rhizoctonia.
Also used as spray for preharvest
fungal disease control.
02 Thiram Thirox Broad-spectrum, non-systemic
fungicide labeled for a wide range
of field crops and vegetable crops
to control seed and soil-borne
fungal pathogens.
03 Zineb Dithane Z-78 Broad-spectrum, non-systemic
fungicide against various seed
decay and damping-off fungi.
 Also used as spray for control of
foliar and pre-harvest fungal
pathogens.
04 Maneb Dithane M-22 Broad-spectrum, non-systemic
fungicide against various seed
decay and damping-off fungi.
Also used as spray for control of
foliar and pre-harvest fungal
pathogens.
05 Chloroneb Demosan Broad-spectrum, non-systemic
fungicide against various fungal
pathogens.
06 Copper oxychloride Blitox-50 Non-systemic seed disinfectant
against fungi and bacteria.
07 Carboxin Vitavax Systemic fungicide with good
activity against smuts and fair
activity against other fungal
pathogens. Carboxin is commonly
formulated with other fungicides
or insecticides to increase the pest
control spectrum.
08 Carbendazim Bavistin Broad-spectrum, systemic
fungicide that controls seed-borne
and soil-borne fungi. Not
effective against Pythiaceous
fungi. Can be used as foliar spray
for pre-harvest disease control.
09 Metalaxyl Apron SD Narrow-spectrum, systemic
fungicides. They are effective
only against Pythium,
Phytophthora, and downy
mildews. Often used in
conjunction with a broad-
spectrum fungicide, such as
captan or fludioxonil.
10 Fludioxonil + Metalaxyl Maxim XL Broad spectrum systemic
fungicide for seed- and soil-borne
diseases caused by Fusarium,
Pythium and Rhizoctonia, along
with suppression of
Aphanomyces root rot and root
rot caused by Phytophthora.
11 Tebuconazole Folicur Broad-spectrum, systemic
fungicide useful against common
bunt and various seed decay and
damping-off fungi, such as
 Fusarium and Rhizoctonia is
commonly formulated with other
fungicides to increase the disease
control spectrum.
12 Streptomycin Plantomycin Broad spectrum antibiotic that
kills a several bacteria. It can be
used to control seed-borne
populations bacterial pathogens.
Not recommended for spray.

Seed treatment with biological control agents

S. No. Biological control agents Mode of action

01 Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma spp. act primarily as
mycoparasites, competing with and
parasitizing various soil-borne pathogens like
Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, and Pythium. They
also stimulate plant growth and induce
systemic resistance in plants.
02 Pseudomonas fluorescens This bacterium produces secondary
metabolites like hydrogen cyanide,
siderophores, and antibiotics that inhibit the
growth of various soil-borne pathogens such as
Pythium, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia.
03 Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis inhibits pathogens through
antimicrobial compounds, competes for
resources in the rhizosphere, induces plant
defenses, and fosters growth of beneficial
microbes, collectively enhancing plant health
and suppressing diseases.

References
 https://ppqs.gov.in/divisions/central-insecticides-board-registration-committee
 https://ppqs.gov.in/regions/cib-rc/cibrc
 https://indiastandardsportal.org/Regulatorybodycontent.aspx?RegulatryBodiesId=12