ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
B.Sc. STATISTICS
DEGREE COURSE
(With effect from 2021 - 2022)
The Course of Study and the Scheme of Examinations

Study Components Ins. Hrs

S. No. Part Credit Title of the Paper Maximum Marks
Course Title / week
Uni.
SEMESTER I CIA Total
Exam
1. I Language Paper-1 6 4 Tamil/Other Languages 25 75 100
2. II English (CE) Paper-1 6 4 Communicative English I 25 75 100
3. III Core Theory Paper-1 6 4 Descriptive Statistics 25 75 100
III Core Practical Practical-1 4 0 Statistical Practical-I 0 0 0
4. III Allied -1 Paper-1 6 3 Mathematics-I 25 75 100
5. III PE Paper 1 6 3 Professional English I 25 75 100
Environmental
6. IV 2 2 Environmental studies 25 75 100
Studies
Sem. Total 36 20 150 450 600

Uni.
SEMESTER II CIA Total
Exam
7. I Language Paper-2 6 4 Tamil/Other Languages 25 75 100
8. II English (CE) Paper-2 6 4 Communicative English II 25 75 100
Probability and Random
9. III Core Theory Paper-2 5 4 25 75 100
Variables
10. III Core Practical Practical-1 3 2 Statistical Practical-I 25 75 100
11. III Allied-1 Paper-2 6 5 Mathematics-II 25 75 100
12. III PE Paper 1 6 3 Professional English II 25 75 100
13. IV Value Education 2 2 25 75 100
14. IV Soft Skill 2 1 25 75 100
Sem. Total 36 25 200 600 800

SEMESTER III
15. I Language Paper-3 6 4 Tamil/Other Lang. 25 75 100
16. II English Paper-3 6 4 English 25 75 100
17. III Core Theory Paper-3 4 4 Distribution Theory 25 75 100
III Core Practical Practical-2 2 - Statistical Practical-II - - -
18. III Allied Paper-3 4 3 Numerical Methods 25 75 100
Allied Numerical Methods and
Practical-1 2 - - - -
Practical Programming in C
Skill Based
19. IV Paper-1 3 2 Elementary Mathematics 25 75 100
Subject
20. IV Non-Major Elective Paper-1 3 2 Statistical Methods-I 25 75 100
Sem. Total 30 19 150 450 600

SEMESTER IV
21. I Language Paper-4 6 4 Tamil/Other Lang. 25 75 100

1
22. II English Paper-4 6 4 English 25 75 100
23. III Core Theory Paper-4 4 4 Sampling Theory 25 75 100
24. III Core Practical Practical-2 4 4 Statistical Practical-II 25 75 100
25. III Allied Paper-4 3 3 Programming in C 25 75 100
Allied Numerical Methods and
26. III Practical-1 3 2 25 75 100
Practical Programming in C
Skill Based Statistical Data Analysis – I
27. IV Practical-1 2 2 25 75 100
Subject (Using R Programming)
Non-Major
28. IV Paper-2 2 2 Statistical Methods-II 25 75 100
Elective
Sem. Total 30 25 200 600 800

SEMESTER V
29. III Core Theory Paper-5 6 4 Estimation Theory 25 75 100
30. III Core Theory Paper-6 5 4 Statistical Quality Control 25 75 100
31. III Core Theory Paper-7 5 4 Operations Research 25 75 100
32. III Core Theory Paper-8 5 4 Applied Statistics 25 75 100
III Core Practical Practical-3 3 - Statistical Practical-III - - -
(Choose 1 out of 2)
A. Demography
33. III Internal Elective Paper-1 4 3 25 75 100
B. Database Management
System
34. IV Skill Based Subject Paper-2 2 2 Indian Official Statistics 25 75 100
Sem. Total 30 21 150 450 600

SEMESTER VI
35. III Core Theory Paper-9 5 4 Testing Statistical Hypotheses 25 75 100
36. III Core Theory Paper-10 5 4 Design of Experiments 25 75 100
37. III Core Theory Paper-11 5 4 Stochastic Processes 25 75 100
38. III Core Practical Practical-3 4 4 Statistical Practical-III 25 75 100
39. III Compulsory Project Paper-12 5 5 Group / Individual Project 25 75 100
(Choose 1 out of 2)
40. III Internal Elective Paper-2 3 3 A. Mathematical Economics 25 75 100
B. Real Analysis
(Choose 1 out of 2)
41. III Internal Elective Paper-3 3 3 A. Statistical Genetics 25 75 100
B. Actuarial Statistics
Statistical Data Analysis – II
42. IV Skill based Subject Practical-2 2 2 25 75 100
(Software based)
43. V Extension Activities 1 100 0 100
Sem. Total 30 30 300 600 900
Grand Total 140 4300

2
 Total Total
Part Subject Papers Credit Marks
Credits Marks

Part I Languages 4 4 16 100 400

Communicative English
Part II 4 4 16 100 400
& English

Part III Allied (Odd Semester) 2 3 6 100 200

Allied (Even Semester) 2 5 100 200

10
Allied Practical 1 2 100 100

Electives 3 3 9 100 300

Core 11 (3-5) 44 100 1100

Core practical 3 (2-3) 10 100 300

Professional English 2 3 6 100 200

Compulsory Project
(Group/Individual 1 5 5 100 100
Project)

Part IV Environmental Science 1 2 2 100 100

Soft skill 1 1 1 100 100

Value Education 1 2 2 100 100

Lang. & Others /NME 2 2 4 100 200

Skill Based 4 2 8 100 400

Part V Extension Activities 1 1 1 100 100

Total 43 140 4300

3
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
ANNAMALAINAGAR - 608 002
B.Sc. STATISTICS
CBCS Pattern
(With effect from 2020-2021)

List of Core / Allied / Elective / Skill based / Non-Major Elective Subjects

Core Subjects
1. Descriptive Statistics
2. Probability and Random Variables
3. Statistical Practical - I
4. Distribution Theory
5. Sampling Theory
6. Statistical Practical - II
7. Estimation Theory
8. Statistical Quality Control
9. Operations Research
10. Applied Statistics
11. Testing Statistical Hypotheses
12. Design of Experiments
13. Stochastic Processes
14. Statistical Practical – III
15. Project with Viva-voce

Allied Subjects (for students of Statistics)

1. Mathematics - I
2. Mathematics – II
3. Numerical Methods
4. Programming in C
5. Allied Practical – I (Numerical Methods and Programming in C )

4
Core Elective Subjects (for students of Statistics)
1. Demography
2. Database Management System
3. Statistical Genetics
4. Mathematical Economics
5. Real Analysis
6. Actuarial Statistics

Skill based Subjects (for students of Statistics)

1. Elementary Mathematics
2. Statistical Data Analysis – I (Using R Programming)
3. Indian Official Statistics
4. Statistical Data Analysis – II (Software based)

Non-Major Elective Subjects (for students of other departments)

1. Statistical Methods – I
2. Statistical Methods - II

5
 ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
B.Sc. STATISTICS
DEGREE COURSE
(With effect from 2021 - 2022)

SEMESTER I
CORE PAPER - 1

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Course Objective(s)
To enable students to gain knowledge about descriptive statistics such as
functions of statistics, measures of location and dispersion, correlation and
regression.

UNIT - I
Nature and scope of statistical methods and their limitations - preparation of
questionnaire and schedule - Primary and Secondary sources of data - nominal,
ordinal, ratio and interval scale - complete enumeration, controlled experiment,
observational studies & sample surveys, Sources of secondary data including some
Government publications.

UNIT – II
Presentation by tables and by diagrams- Construction of tables with one, two and three
factors of classifications - Diagrammatic representations, frequency distributions for
continuous and discrete data, graphical representation of a frequency distribution by
histogram and frequency polygon, cumulative frequency distributions (inclusive and
exclusive methods) and Ogives.

UNIT – III
Measures of Location – mean, median, mode - Measures of dispersion, moments,
measures of skewness and kurtosis for both grouped and ungrouped data.

UNIT – IV
Scatter diagram, regression lines and concept of error in regression, principle of least
squares and fitting of first, second degree and exponential curves, concept of
correlation co-efficient and its properties. Spearman's rank correlation. Regression
Equations.
UNIT – V
Fundamental set of frequencies, Consistency of data, conditions for consistency,
contingency table, association of attributes.

Text Books:
1. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1998): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 4th

6
 ed. Academic Press.
2. Hoel, P.G. (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia Publishing
House.
3. Goon, AM., Gupta M.K and Dasgupta B (1991): Fundamentals of Statistics,
Vol.1, World Press, Calcutta.
4. Bhat B.R, Srivenkataramana T, and Madhava K.S,(1996) Statistics: A
Beginner's text Vol. I, New Age International (P) Ltd.
5. Gupta,S.P. (2014):Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons Pvt Ltd. New
Delhi.

Reference Books:
1. G.U.Yule and M.G. Kendall (1956): An introduction to the theory of Statistics,
Charles Griffin.
2. M.R. Spiegel (1961): Theory and problems of statistics, Schaum's outline
series.
3. Snedecor .G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1967): Statistical methods, Iowa State
University Press.
4. Anderson, T.W. and Sclove SL. (1978): An introduction to statistical analysis
of data, Houghton Miffin/co.
5. Croxton FE, and Cowden D.J. (1973) Applied General Statistics, Printice Hall
of India.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know methods of data collection
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know various techniques of
presentation of data
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know measures of location and
dispersion
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know correlation and regression
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know association of attributes

7
 ALLIED 1
PAPER -1
MATHEMATICS I
Objectives of the Course:
To Explore the Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics
UNIT-I: ALGEBRA
Partial Fractions - Binomial, Exponential and logarithmic Series (without
Proof) - Summation - Simple problems

UNIT-II : THEORY OF EQUATIONS

Polynomial Equations with real Coefficients - Irrational roots - Complex roots-
Transformation of equation by increasing or decreasing roots by a constant -
Reciprocal equations - Newton’s method to find a root approximately - Simple
problems.

UNIT-III : MATRICES
Symmetric - Skew-Symmetric - Orthogonal and Unitary matrices - Eigen roots
and eigen vectors – Cayley - Hamilton theorem (without proof)-Verification and
computation of inverse matrix

UNIT-IV: TRIGONOMETRY
Expansions of sinn θ, cosn θ, sinnθ, cosnθ, tannθ - Expansions of sin θ, cos θ,
tan θ in terms of θ.

UNIT-V: DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

Successive differentiation upto third order, Jacobians -Concepts of polar co-
ordinates-Curvature and radius of curvature in Cartesian co-ordinates and in polar co-
ordinates.
Recommended Text:
P.Duraipandian and S.Udayabaskaran,(1997) Allied Mathematics, Vol. I & II.Muhil
Publishers, Chennai.
Reference Books:
1. P.Balasubramanian and K.G.Subramanian,(1997) Ancillary Mathematics. Vol. I
& II. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. S.P.Rajagopalan and R.Sattanathan,(2005) Allied Mathematics .Vol. I & II.
VikasPublications, New Delhi.
3. P.R.Vittal (2003) Allied Mathematics .Marghan Publications, Chennai
4. P.Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy (2003) Allied Mathematics Vol-I, II S.Chand&
company Ltd., New Delhi-55.
5. Isaac, Allied Mathematics. New Gamma Publishing House, Palayamkottai.

8
 SEMESTER II
CORE PAPER - 2
PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLES

Course Objective(s)
Enable the students to understand and study random phenomena
mathematically

UNIT – I
Random experiment, sample point, sample space, event, algebra of events,
operations on events. Classical and relative frequency approach to probability -
axiomatic approach to probability. Simple problems.
UNIT – II
Addition theorem of probability, conditional probability, independence of
events multiplication theorem - Bayes theorem and its applications.

UNIT – III
Definition of discrete and continuous random variables-Distribution functions -
probability mass function, probability density functions and their properties.
Expectation of random variables and its properties – Chebychev’s inequality – simple
problems.

UNIT – IV
Moment generating function, characteristic function, cumulant generating
function - their properties, moments, measures of locations, dispersion, Skewness and
Kurtosis for discrete and continuous variates. Simple problems

UNIT – V
Bivariate distributions - discrete and continuous type, cumulative distribution
function - probability mass function - probability density function - Marginal and
Conditional expectation.

Text Books:
1. A.M.Mood, F.A. Graybill and D.C. Boes (1974): Introduction to the theory of
Statistics, International student ed. McGraw Hill.
2. Hogg, R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1998): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 4th
ed. Academic Press.
3. A.M.Goon, M.K.Gupta & B. Dasgupta (1980): An outline of Statistical theory,
Vol. I, 6th revised, World Press.
4. Gupta, S.C. and V.K. Kapoor (2014): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,
Sultan Chand & Sons.

Reference Books:
1. Rohatgi, V.K. (1984): An introduction to probability theory and mathematical
statistics.
2. P.G.Hoel (1971): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, Asia publishing

9
 house.
3. Murry R. Spiegal (1982): Theory and problems of Probability and Statistics,
Schaum's outline series, McGraw Hill.
4. Seymour Lipshutz (1982): Theory and problems of probability, Schaum's
outline series, McGraw Hill.
5. Marek Fisz (1961): Probability theory and Mathematical Statistics, John Wiley.
6. K.L.Chung (1983): Elementary probability theory with stochastic processes,
Springer International student edition.
7. William.Feller (1968): An introduction to probability theory and its
applications, Vol. I, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know the concept of probability
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know Bayesian formula and its
applications
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know random variables and its
properties
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know moment generating function and
computation of moments
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know bivariate distributions and related
features

10
 CORE PRACTICAL-1

STATISTICAL PRACTICAL-I Credits

Course Objective(s)
To enable students to solve problems related to descriptive statistics and
probability
Problems relating to the following topics which are covered in the core papers in the
Semester I and Semester II shall form the basis for practical:

1. Construction of Uni-variate, bi-variate frequency distributions.

2. Diagrammatic and graphical representations, Ogives, Lorenz curves.
3. Measures of location and dispersion.
4. Measures of skewness and kurtosis for both grouped and ungrouped data.
Measures of skewness and kurtosis using moments.
5. Principle of least squares and fittings of first, second degree and exponential
curves.
6. Computation of correlation co-efficient. Rank correlation, and fitting regression
equations.
7. Construction of contingency table. Association of Attributes.
8. Join Probability mass function, Join probability density function, Marginal
probability mass and density functions. Expectation, variance and Correlation
coefficient.

Text Books
Books prescribed in the respective core papers shall be used.
Note
The maximum marks for continuous internal assessment and end semester University
examination for Statistical Practical-I shall be fixed as 40 and 60, respectively. The
continuous internal assessment shall involve test (25 marks) and record work (15
marks). The question paper at the end semester examination shall consist of four
questions with internal choice. A candidate shall attend all the four questions, each
of which shall carry 15 marks.

11
 ALLIED 1
PAPER -2
MATHEMATICS II
Objectives of the Course
To Explore the Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics
UNIT-I: Application of Integration
Evaluation of double, triple integrals - Simple applications to area, volume -
Fourier series for functions in (0,2 ) and
UNIT-II: Partial Differential Equations
Formation, complete integrals and general integrals - Four standard types,
Lagrange’s equations.
UNIT-III: Laplace Transforms
Laplace Transformations of standard functions and simple properties - Inverse
Laplace transforms - Applications to solutions of linear differential equations of order
1 and 2-simple problems
UNIT-IV: Vector Analysis
Scalar point functions - Vector point functions - Gradient, divergence, curl -
Directional derivatives - Unit to normal to a surface.
UNIT-V: Vector Analysis (continued)
Line and surface integrals - Guass, Stoke’s and Green’s theorems (without
proofs) - Simple problem based on these Theorems.
Recommended Text
P.Duraipandian and S.Udayabaskaran,(1997) Allied Mathematics, Vol. I &
II.Muhil Publishers, Chennai
Reference Books:
1. P.Balasubramanian and K.G.Subramanian,(1997)Ancillary Mathematics. Vol. I
& II. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
2. S.P.Rajagopalan and R.Sattanathan,(2005) Allied Mathematics .Vol. I &
II.Vikas Publications, New Delhi.
3. P.R.Vittal(2003). Allied Mathematics .Marghan Publications, Chennai.
4. P.Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy (2003) Allied Mathematics Vol-I, II S.Chand&
company Ltd., New Delhi-55.
5. Isaac, Allied Mathematics. New Gamma Publishing House, Palayamkottai

12
 SEMESTER III
PAPER - 3
DISTRIBUTION THEORY
Course Objective(s)
To enable the students to understand the properties and applications of various
probability functions.

UNIT - I

Discrete distributions: Binomial, Trinomial and Multinomial distributions and their

properties - Poisson, Negative Binomial and Geometric distributions and their
properties.

UNIT - II

Continuous distributions: Normal, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma and Beta

distributions and their properties.

UNIT - III
Bivariate Normal Distribution and its properties. Partial and multiple correlation and
regression - Concepts and simple problems.

UNIT - IV

Basic Central Limit Theorem (statement only) - Limiting distributions : Poisson

distribution as a limiting case of Binomial - Poisson distribution as a limiting case of
Negative Binomial distribution - Convergence of Binomial, Poisson, Gamma and Chi-
square distribution to Normal distribution using Moment generating function.

UNIT - V
Order statistics - distribution of first, nth and ith order statistics, joint distribution of rth
and sth order statistics - distribution of median and range. Simple problems.

Text Books:
1. Gupta, S. C and Kapoor, V. K (2002), Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,
Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Hogg, R. V and Craig, A. T (2002), Introduction to Mathematical Statistics,
Pearson Education Asia, India.
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know various discrete distributions
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know various continuous distributions
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know random variables and its properties
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know Limiting distribution and convergence
concepts
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know the concept of order statistics

13
 ALLIED - 2

PAPER - 3

NUMERICAL METHODS

Course Objective(s)

To enable the students to establish mathematical functions using numerical data and to
estimate functional relationship, interpolate and extrapolate the value of dependent
variable, find maxima and minima using differentiation

UNIT - I

Finite differences - forward and backward differences, operators E and ∆, and their
basic properties, Interpolation with equal intervals: Newton’s forward and backward
differences - simple problems.

UNIT - II

Interpolation with unequal intervals: Divided differences and their properties,

Newton’s divided differences formula and Lagrange’s formula for interpolation-
simple problems.

UNIT - III

Central difference interpolation formula - gauss forward and backward differences

formulae - Stirling, Bessel’s Everett’s central difference formula.

UNIT - IV
Inverse interpolation - Lagrange’s method - iteration of successive approximation
method-simple problems. Numerical differentiation - Numerical differentiation upto
2nd order only - simple problems.

UNIT - V

Numerical intergration - Trapezoidal rule - simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8th rules - Weddle’s
rule - Euler’s summation formula. Numerical method of solution of ordinary
differential equations - Taylor’s series method - Euler method and Runga Kutta upto
second order -simple problems.

Text Books:
1. Numerical Methods by P.Kandasamy,K.Thilagavathy and K.Gunavathi,S.Chand,
New Delhi.
2. Numerical methods in Science and Engineering by M.K. Venkataraman, National
publishing house, Chennai.

14
Reference Books:
1. Calculus of finite differences and Numerical analysis by Gupta-Malik, Krishna
Prakastan Mandir, Meerut.
2. Numerical methods in Science and Engineering by M.K. Venkataraman, National
publishing house, Chennai.
3. Numerical Analysis by B.D. Gupta, Konark publishing.
4. Calculus of finite differences and Numerical Analysis by Saxena, S. Chand & Co.
5. Numerical mathematics by M.M.Ramasamy and Palaniappan.
6. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis by S.S.Sastry,Printice Hall of
India,New Delhi.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know how to solve problem of
interpolation with equal intervals
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know how to solve problem of
interpolation with unequal intervals
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know the concept of central
differences formula and its usage of solving problem
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know how to solve problem with
inverse interpolation
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know the concept of numerical
differentiation and integration and its usage of real time applications

15
 SKILL BASED SUBJECT

PAPER - 1

ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS

Course Objective(s)

The course introduces students to the fundamental principles, concepts and knowledge
in the areas of Differential and Integral Calculus.

UNIT - I

Jacobians - Total differential - maxima and minima functions of 2 and 3 independent

variable, Lagrange’s method (without proof), problems on these concepts.

UNIT - II

Polar coordinates - Angle between radius vector and tangent - Angle between two
curves, Curvature, Radius of Curvature in Cartesian and Polar coordinates, p-r
equation, Evolutes.

UNIT - III

Asymptotes: Methods (without proof) of finding asymptotes of rational algebraic

curves with special cases.

UNIT - IV

Reduction formulae, Beta and Gamma Functions - Properties and Problems.

UNIT - V

Double Integrals - Change of order of Integration - Triple Integrals - Applications to

Area, Surface Area and Volume.

Text Books:
1. S.Narayanan and T.K.Manicavachagom Pillay (2004) Calculus. S.Viswanathan
Printers & Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Chennai.

Reference Books:
1. P.Kandasamy, K.Thilagavathy (2004), Mathematic for B.Sc. Vol.-I, II, III & IV,
S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi-55.
2. Shanti Narayan (2001) Differential Calculus. Shyamlal Charitable Trust, New
Delhi.

16
3. Shanti Narayan (2001) Integral Calculus. S.Chand & Co. New Delhi.
4. S.Sudha (1998) Calculus. Emerald Publishers, Chennai.
5. G.B.Thomas and R.L.Finney. (1998) Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Addison
Wesley (9th Edn.), Mass. (Indian Print)
6. P.R.Vittal. (2004) Calculus, Margham Publication, Chennai

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know basics of differential calculus
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know the various methods solving
differential calculus
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know solving asymptote problems
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know solving problems using
reduction formula
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know solving double integral
problems

17
 NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE

PAPER -1

STATISTICAL METHODS - I

Course Objective(s)
To enable students to learn basics of statistics and its applications
UNIT - I

Statistics - Definitions - limitation of statistics - collection of data - primary data -

secondary data - Diagrammatic and Graphical representation of data.
UNIT - II

Descriptive Measures - Mean, Median, mode, standard deviation, skewness and

kurtosis (ungrouped data only).

UNIT - III

Concept of sample and Population - Preparation of questionnaire and Pre-testing -

Simple random, Stratified random and Systematic sampling techniques.

UNIT - IV

Study of relationship between variables: Concept of correlation - Karl Pearson and

Spearman rank correlation - simple problems. Qualitative: Contingency tables -
Measures of Association. Concept of simple regression - simple problems.
UNIT - V

Elements of Compound interest (nominal and effective rates of interest, annuities

certain, present values, accumulated amounts, deferred annuities) - the functions
included in compound interest - tables and their uses.
Text Books:
1. Gupta,S.P. (2014): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand& Sons Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Federation of Insurance Institutes Study Courses - Mathematical Basis of Life
Assurances F1,2.
Reference Books:
1. Kapoor, V.K. and Gupta, S.P. (1978): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics,
Sultan Chand & Sons.
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know visualization of data
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know computations of various
statistical measures of data
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know sample selection and various
sampling procedures

18
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know relationship among variables
and fitting of simple regression model
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know computation of interest
calculations

19
 SEMESTER IV
PAPER - 4

SAMPLING THEORY

Course Objective(s)
To enable the students to understand and apply the sampling procedures to different
situations.

UNIT - I

Design - Organization and execution of sample surveys - principle steps in sample

survey - Pilot survey - principles of sample survey - sampling and non-sampling errors
- advantages of sampling over complete census - limitations of sampling.

UNIT - II

Sampling from finite population - simple random sampling with and without
replacement - unbiased estimate of the mean, variance of the estimate of the mean
finite population correction estimation of standard error from a sample - determination
of sample size.

UNIT - III

Stratified random sampling - properties of the estimates - unbiased estimates of the

mean and variance of the estimates of the mean - optimum and proportional
allocations - relative precision of a stratified sampling and simple random sampling -
estimation of gain in precision in stratified sampling.

UNIT - IV

Systematic sampling - estimate of mean and variance of the estimated mean -

comparison of simple and stratified with systematic random sampling.

UNIT - V

Ratio estimators: Ratio estimates, variance of the ratio estimates - Bias of the ratio
estimates. Regression estimators: Linear regression estimate regression estimates with
pre-assigned b-regression estimates when b is computed from the sample.

Text Books:
1. William, G. Cochran (1984): Sampling techniques, Wiley Eastern.

Reference Books:
1. Des Raj (1976): Sampling theory, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Daroga Singh & Chaudhary, F.S. (1986): Theory and Analysis of Sample
20
 Survey Designs. Wiley Eastern.
3. Sukhatme P.V. et al (1984): Sample survey methods and its applications, Indian
Society of Agricultural Statistics, New Delhi.
4. Murthy, M.N. (1967): Sampling theory and methods, Statistical Publishing
Society, Calcutta.
5. Sampath S. (1999): Sampling theory and methods. New Age International Ltd.
6. Engineering Updates.
7. Kapoor, V.K. and Gupta, S.P. (1978): Fundamentals of applied statistics, Sultan
Chand & Sons.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know the concept of sample survey
and its features
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know simple random sampling
procedure
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know stratified random sampling
procedures
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know systematic sampling
procedure
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know ratio and regression estimators

21
 CORE PRACTICAL II

STATISTICAL PRACTICAL-II

Course Objective(s)
To enable students to solve problems related to estimation and hypothesis testing, statistical
quality control techniques and design and analysis of experiments

Problems relating to the following topics which are covered in Semester III and Semester
IV shall form the basis for practical:

1. Distribution Theory (problems related to fitting of various distributions such as binomial,

poison, normal, computation of correlation, partial and multiple correlation coefficients)
2. Sampling Theory (problems related to estimates of population mean and variances, under
simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic random sampling, ration
and regression estimators)
Text Books
Books prescribed in the respective core papers shall be used.
Note
The maximum marks for continuous internal assessment and end semester University
examination for Statistical Practical-II shall be fixed as 40 and 60, respectively. The
continuous internal assessment shall involve test (25 marks) and record work (15 marks).
The question paper at the end semester examination shall consist of four questions with
internal choice. A candidate shall attend all the four questions, each of which shall carry 15
marks.

22
 ALLIED -2
PAPER - 4

PROGRAMMING IN 'C’
Course Objective(s)

To enable the students to understand and develop programs in C.

UNIT - I

Introduction to “C”, variables, data types-declarations, type conversions, increment

and decrement, Bitwise, Logical and Assignment operators.

UNIT - II

Expression and conditional expressions, control structures, If-Else, SWITCH,

WHILE, FOR and DO WHILE loop structures. Break continue, GO and Label
statements. Function, function returning, Non-integers, Function arguments -Static
and register variables.

UNIT - III

Arrays and Strings - Array Declaration, Multi dimensional Arrays Strings/Character

Arrays, Array initialization-Pointers and addresses. Pointers and Arrays-Pointer to
function.

UNIT - IV

Structures and functions, Array of structures Fields, Unions-type definition standard

input and output - formatted output - output - Access to the standard library.

UNIT - V

File Access, File handling in C - File descriptions - Error handling - ‘Low level i/o-
Read and Write’. Open, Create, Close, Unlike-Random Access - seek and I seek.

Text Books:
1. Balagurusamy, E. (1997): ANSI ‘C’ Programming, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishers
Ltd.

Reference Books:
1. Yaswant Kanetkar (1997): Let Us ‘C’,BPB Publications, New Delhi.
2. Bruce,H.Hunter: Introduction to ‘C’

23
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know the basic data types of
programming in c
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know the various control structures
and its usage
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know the concept of arrays and
pointers
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know the concept of structures and
unions.
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know to file structures and its
manipulations

24
 ALLIED PRACTICAL
NUMERICAL METHODS AND PROGRAMMING IN C

Course Objective(s)
To enable students to solve problems related to numerical methods using
programming in C
Problems relating to the following topics which are covered in Semester III and
Semester
IV shall form the basis for practical:

Problems relating to the following topics shall form the basis for the practical.
1. Summation of Series: Sin(x), Cos(x), Exp(x), (Comparison with built in
functions)
2. String Manipulation: Counting the no. of vowels, consonants, words, white spaces
in a line of text and array of lines. Reverse a string & check for palindrome.
Substring detection, count and removal - Finding and replacing substrings
3. Solution of polynomial equation - Newton Raphson method
4. Solution of system of simultaneous equation - Gauss elimination method.
5. Interpolation - Lagrange interpolation.
6. Numerical integration by Trapezoidal, Simpson’s and Weddle’s rules - Calculate
the value of π (up to five decimal places).
7. Check the accuracy of the built in functions Sin(x), Cos(x),(x in radians) ex, e-x
Generation of Fibonacci Sequence.
8. Matrix addition, multiplication, inverse, transpose, determinant of square matrix.
Solution of simultaneous equations by Iterative methods and by using inverse.
Text Books
Books as prescribed in Allied papers in the semester III and IV.
Note
The maximum marks for continuous internal assessment and end semester University
examination for Allied Practical-I shall be fixed as 40 and 60, respectively. The
continuous internal assessment shall involve test and record work. The question paper
at the end semester examination shall consist of four questions with internal choice.
A candidate shall attend all the four questions, each of which shall carry 15 marks.

25
 SKILL BASED SUBJECT
PAPER - 2 (PRACTICAL-I)

STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS-I (USING R PROGRAMMING)

Course Objective(s)
To enable students to utilize the theoretical knowledge gained in the core papers
and to develop computational and technical skills for real life applications
emphasizing the importance of R programming.

Problems relating to the following topics shall form the basis for the practical.
1. Using R command-Operations on vectors and matrices. Creating and
Manipulation of data frames - user-defined functions.
2. Matrix addition, multiplication, inverse, transpose, determinant and trace of
matrix.
3. Construction of table with one or more variables. Graphical procedures– Pie
chart, Bar chart, Histograms and Boxplots.
4. Computation of various descriptive measures such as Measures of central
tendency, measures of dispersion, skewness and kurtosis. Computation of
correlations and regression co-efficient.

Text Books
Purohit, S. G., Gore, S. D., and Deshmukh, S. R. (2009). Statistics Using R, Narosa
Publishing House, NewDelhi.

E-Resources
www.r-project.org
Note
The maximum marks for continuous internal assessment and end semester University
examination for Statistical Data Analysis-I(Using R) shall be fixed as 40 and 60,
respectively. The continuous internal assessment shall involve test and record work.
The question paper at the end semester examination shall consist of four questions
with internal choice. A candidate shall attend all the four questions, each of which
shall carry 15 marks.

26
 NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE
PAPER 2
STATISTICAL METHODS - II
Course Objective(s)
To enable students to learn the concept of estimation of unknown parameters of the
population and hypothesis testing problem.

UNIT - I

Population growth and change - arithmetic, geometric and exponential growth rates -
Population estimation and projection.

UNIT - II

Measures of mortality - Crude and Specific rates- Infant mortality rate - direct and
indirect standardization of death rates - Complete life table.

UNIT - III

Estimation - Point estimation - interval estimation - mean - variance - proportions -

simple problems.

UNIT - IV

Parametric Tests - Testing of significance of small and large sample tests - t-test, chi-
square test - F test - z-test.

UNIT - V

Non- Parametric tests - Sign test, Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U Test. Median test,
Run test, Kolmogorov - Smirnov One Sample test. Chi- Square Tests - Goodness of fit
- Test of independence of attributes.

Text Books:
1. Gupta,S.P (2014): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons .
2. Kapoor, V.K. and Gupta, S.P. (1978): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan
Chand & Sons.

Reference Books:
1. Rohatgi, V.K. (1984) An introduction to probability theory and Mathematical
Statistics, Wiley Eastern.

27
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know computation of population
growth rate
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know the concept of mortality and
its calculations
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know the concept of estimation of
parameter
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know various parametric testing
procedures
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know various non-parametric
testing procedures

28
 SEMESTER V
PAPER - 5
ESTIMATION THEORY

Course Objective(s)

To enable the students to understand and apply various estimation procedures

UNIT - I

Sampling distributions - concept - distributions of mean and variance from Normal

population. Sampling distributions: Chi-square, Student’s t and F distributions -
Derivation of their density functions and their properties

UNIT - II

Point Estimation - Problem of Point estimation - Properties of estimators -

Consistency and Efficiency of an estimator. Sufficiency of a statistic - Neyman -
Fisher factorization theorem (discrete case) - Simple problems.

UNIT - III

Unbiasedness - Properties, MVUE, BLUE, Rao - Blackwell theorem-Sufficiency and

completeness, Lehman - Scheffe theorem, Cramer - Rao inequality - simple problems.

UNIT - IV

Methods of estimation: Method of Moments, Method of Maximum Likelihood,

Method of minimum chi-square, Method of modified minimum chi-square, method of
least squares - properties of estimators obtained by these methods - simple problems.

UNIT - V

Interval Estimation - Confidence Interval for proportions, mean(s), variance, and

variance ratio based on chi square, student's t, F and Normal distributions. Tests of
significance: concepts - tests based on normal, t, F, and Chi Square.

Text Books:
1. Mood, AM. Graybill , F.A. and Boes, D.C. (1974) : Introduction to the theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill.
2. Hogg R.V. and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to mathematical statistics, 3 rd
edition, Academic Press, USA.
3. Goon, A.M. Gupta, M.K., and Das Gupta, B. (1980): An outline of statistical
theory, Vol.I, 6th revised ed. World Press limited, Calcutta.
4. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K. (2014): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,
Sultan Chand & Sons.

29
Reference Books:
1. Hoel, P.G. (1971) : Introduction to mathematical Statistics, Asia publishing house.
2. Rohatgi, V.K. (1984) An introduction to probability theory and mathematical
statistics, Wiley Eastern.
3. Degroot, M.H. (1975): Probability and Statistics, Addison – Wesley
4. Marek Fisz (1961): Probability theory and Mathematical statistics, John Wiley.
5. Spiegal, M.R. (1982): Theory and problems of probability and statistics, Schaum's
outline series, McGraw Hill
6. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1967): Statistical methods 6th edition, Oxford
IBH Publishing Co.
7. Wilks, S.S. (1962): Mathematical statistics - John Wiley & Sons.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know sampling distributions and its
applications
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know point estimation
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know properties of estimators and
related results
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know various methods of estimation
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know interval estimation and test of
significance

30
 PAPER - 6

STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

Course Objective(s)

To enable the students to know the concepts of process control and product control

UNIT - I

Need for Statistical Quality Control techniques in Industry - Causes of Quality

variation control charts - Use of the Shewhart - control chart - Specification and
tolerance limits - 3 sigma limits - warning limits - application of theory of runs in
quality control.

UNIT - II

Control chart for variables - X-bar chart, R chart, σ chart - purpose of the charts -
Basis of sub grouping - plotting X-bar and R results - determining the trial control
limits - Interpretation of control charts X-bar and R.

UNIT - III

Control chart for attributes - purpose of the chart - p chart - np chart - construction of
p and np chart - choice between chart for P and chart for np - construction of c-chart.

UNIT - IV

Acceptance of sampling plans for attributes - Producer's risk and consumer's risk -
concepts of AQL, LTPD, AOQ, AOQL, ATI and ASN - single, double and Multiples
sampling plans - OC, AOQ, ATI curves for single and double sampling plans.

UNIT - V

Variable sampling plans - Sigma known and sigma unknown determination of n and k
for one sided specification - OC curve.

Text Books:
1. Kapoor, V.K. and Gupta, S.P. (1978): Fundamentals of applied statistics, Sultan
Chand & Sons.
2. Montgomery, D.C. (1983): Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, John Wiley
& Sons.
Reference Books:
1. Grant, E,L. and Laven Worth, R.S.: Statistical Quality Control, McGraw Hill.
2. Ekambaram, S K. (1963): Statistical basis of Acceptance sampling, Asia
Publishing House.

31
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know the need of statistical quality
control techniques
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know control charts for variables
and its applications in industries
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know control charts for attributes
and its applications in industries
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know acceptance sampling plans for
attributes
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know the concept of variable
sampling plans and it features.

32
 PAPER - 7
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Course Objective(s)

To enable the students gain knowledge about various optimization techniques

UNIT - I

Introduction to OR, Nature, Scope, Functions, Linear programming problem -

Formulation of LPP - Solving the LPP by graphical method.

UNIT - II

Slack variable - surplus variable - Solving the LPP by simplex method - artificial
variable - Big-M method, Duality in LPP, Dual simplex method.

UNIT - III

Transportation problem - obtaining initial, feasible and optimal solutions. Optimality

test degeneracy, Unbalanced transportation problem, Assignment problem, and
unbalanced assignment problem - Traveling salesman problem.

UNIT - IV

Game Theory - Two person zero sum games, The maximin - minimax principle -
Games without saddle points - Mixed strategies - Graphical solution of 2xn and mx2
games Dominance property. Sequencing - 'n' jobs through 2 machines - 'n' jobs
through 3 machines - 'n' jobs through ‘m’ machines, Two jobs and 'm' machines.

UNIT - V

Network analysis by CPM / PERT basic concepts - constraints in Network -

construction of the network - Time calculations - Concepts of three floats in Network
Analysis - finding optimum project duration and minimum project cost, finding
expected project time and variance.
Text Books:
1. Kanti Swamp et al: Operations Research, sutan chand and Sons, New Delhi.

2. Sharma J.K. (2001): Operations Research. Theory and applications, Macmillan

India Ltd.

Reference Books:
1. Handy A. Taha (1996): Operations Research, 6 ed. Prentice Hall of India
2. Goel & Mittal (1982): Operations Research, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut.

3. Gupta R.K.(1985): Operations Research, Krishna Prakashan, Mandir, Meerut.

4. Schaum's outline series: Operations Research.
33
5. Frederick S.Hillier & Gerald J.Lieberman: (1987) Operations Research, CBS
publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
6. Sharma J.K. (2002): Operations Research. Problems and solutions, Macmillan
India Ltd.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know the basics of optimization
techniques
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know procedures of solving
linear programming problems.
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know solving transportation and
assignment problems.
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know game theory and solving
sequencing problems
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know critical path method of
solving network problems.

34
 PAPER - 8

APPLIED STATISTICS

Course Objective(s)

This course introduces the basic Statistical tools in time related Variables, economic
variables. To enable the students understand index numbers and other Statistical tools
applied to demographic and chorological data

UNIT - I

Time series - Concept - Components of time Series - Additive and multiplicative

models - Measurement of trend - free hand method - semi average method - Moving
average method - Least square method.

UNIT - II

Measurement of seasonal variations - Simple average method - Ratio to trend method

- Ratio to moving average method - Link relative method - Variate Difference method.

UNIT - III

Index Numbers - uses - classification of index numbers - Problems in the construction

of index numbers - Methods of constructing index numbers - Unweighted index
numbers - weighted index numbers.

UNIT - IV

Quantity index numbers - Fixed and chain base index numbers - Optimum test for
index numbers - Time reversal test - factor reversal test - cost of living index numbers.

UNIT - V

Demand Analysis Theory and analysis of consumer’s demand Law of demand, Price
elasticity of demand estimation of demand curves forms of demand functions -
Demand and Supply utility and indifference maps determination of price and supply
and demand

Text Books:
1. Kapoor,V.K and Gupta,S.C (1978); Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan
chand & Sons.
Reference Books:
1. Gupta, S.P (1999): Statistical Methods, Sultan & Sons, New Delhi.
2. Croxton, F.E & Cowdon, D.J. (1973): Applied general statistics, Prentice Hall
3. Mukhopadhyay P.(1999): Applied Statistics, New Central Book Agency Pvt. Ltd.,
Calcutta.

35
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know time series and its
components
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know measuring seasonal
variations in the data
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know index numbers and its usage
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know cost of living index and its
applications
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know theory and applications of
demand analysis

36
 INTERNAL ELECTIVE
PAPER - 1

(to choose one out of 2)

A. DEMOGRAPHY
Course Objective(s)
To make the students to understand the application of statistical methods in population
related problems

UNIT - I

Sources of Demographic data - Civil Registration - Population Census - Population

Registers - Errors in Demographic data - Methods of Improvement.

UNIT - II

Mortality measurements - Merits and Demerits - general and specific rates -

standardized rates - age pyramid of sex composition - Ratios, propositions and
percentage rates - Population pyramids, sex ratio, crude rate, specific rates, standard
rates - direct and indirect.

UNIT - III

Fertility, Measures of fertility, General fertility rate, Specific fertility rate, Net
reproduction rate, Gross reproduction rate, Crude Rate of natural increase. Definition -
stable population and stationery population.

UNIT - IV

Life table - Structure - Construction and uses - Relationship between functions of the
life table - abridged life table (Concept only)

UNIT - V
Population estimation and projection, component method of population projection
Forces of mortality - Gompertz and Makcham law logistic curve fitting and its use.

Text Books:
1. Srivastava, O.S (1983): A text book Demography, Vikas Publishing
2. Bogue, Donald, J (1976): Principles of Demography, John Wiley, New York.
2. Gupta, S.C. and V.K. Kapoor (1978): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, Sultan
Chand & Sons.

Reference Books:
1. Spieglemen, M.(1968): Introduction to Demography, Harvard University Press.

37
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know the concept of demography
and its sources
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know computation of mortality rates
and its variants
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know computation of fertility rates
and its variants
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know construction of life tables
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know statistical tools for projection
of populations

38
 INTERNAL ELECTIVE
PAPER - 1

B. DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Course Objective(s)

To enable the students to understand classifying and grouping and retrieve the mass
data.

UNIT - I

Introduction - DBMS Basic Concepts - Purpose of Database Systems - Database

System/ File System - Overall System architecture - Database Languages -
Classifications - Data Models.

UNIT - II

Entity relationship model: Mapping constraints - Primary Keys - Foreign Key -

Structural Constraints - ER notations - ER model examples - Enhanced Entity
Relationship Model: EER Concepts like Generalization, Specialization, Union,
Category, Disjoint, Overlapping etc.EER model examples.

UNIT - III

Relational Data Base Design - ER/EER to Relational Mapping algorithm - Relational

Model: Structure - Formal Query Languages - Relational Algebra - Informal Design
Guidelines - Functional Dependencies - Normalization upto third Normal Form.

UNIT - IV

SQL - Basics of SQL - DDL - DML - DCL - TCL Commands in detail with examples.

UNIT - V

PL/SQL: Stored Procedure Concepts - Procedure - Functions - Cursors - Triggers.

Text Books:
1. H.F. Korth and A.Silberschatz (1988): Database system Concept, McGraw Hill
Publication.
2. Albert Lulushi (1997): Developing ORACLE FORMS Applications, Prentice Hall

Reference Books:
1. Ramez Elmasri and B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems (Chapters 1,
2, 3, 4.1, 7, 8, 9, 14), 3/e, Addison Wesley.

39
Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know structure of DBMS.
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know the concept of entity
relationship models
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know relational data based designs
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know standard query language
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know the concept of PL/SQL

40
 SKILL BASED SUBJECT
PAPER - 3
INDIAN OFFICIAL STATISTICS

Course Objectives

To enable students to learn about functions of Indian Official statistical system,

functioning of various statistical organizations and applications of statistics.

UNIT - I
Statistical System in India: Central and State Government Organizations, Functions of
Central Statistical Organization (CSO), National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO)
- Sampling fundamentals - sampling and non-sampling errors - large scale sample
surveys.
UNIT - II
Official statistics: Meaning, methods of collection, limitations and reliability.
Principal publications containing data on the topics such as population, agriculture,
industry, trade, prices, labour and employment, transport and communications -
Banking and finance.
UNIT - III
System of Collection of Agricultural Statistics - Crop forecasting and estimation -
Productivity, fragmentation of holdings - Support prices - Buffer stocks -
Impact of irrigation projects - Industrial statistics.
UNIT - IV
Index Numbers - Price, Quantity and Value indices. Price Index Numbers:
Construction, Uses, Limitations, Tests for index numbers - Consumer Price Index,
Wholesale Price Index and Index of Industrial Production - Construction of index
numbers and uses.
UNIT - V
National Income - Measures of national income - Income, expenditure and
production approaches - Applications in various sectors in India - Wage Statistics -
Trade Statistics - Financial Statistics

Text Books:
1. Saluja, M.R (1972): Indian official statistical systems: Statistical publishing
society, Calcutta and The Indian Econometric Society, Hyderabad.
2. Central Statistical Organisation (1995), Statistical System in India, Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation, India
3. Central Statistical Organisation (1999), Guide to Official Statistics, Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation, India.

41
Reference Books:
1. Goon A. M., Gupta M. K., and Dasgupta. B. (2001), Fundamentals of Statistics,
Vol. 2, World Press, India.
2. Allen R. G. D. (1975). Index Numbers in Theory and Practice, Macmillan.
3. Bhaduri, A. (1990). Macroeconomics: The Dynamics of Commodity
Production, Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi.
4. Branson, W. H. (1992). Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, Third Edition,
HarperCollins Publishers India (P) Ltd., New Delhi.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know functioning of statistical
organization in India.
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know concept of official statistics
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know agricultural and industrial
statistics
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know index numbers and its
usages.
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know national income and its
measures

42
 SEMESTER VI
PAPER - 9
TESTING STATISTICAL HYPOTHESES
Course Objective(s)
To enable the students to get detailed idea of testing of hypotheses and Non-
Parametric Tests.

UNIT - I

Testing of Hypothesis - Statistical Hypothesis - Simple and composite hypothesis,

Null and Alternative Hypothesis - Two types of errors - critical region- powers of a
test - Most powerful test - Neyman-Pearson lemma.

UNIT - II

Uniformly most powerful tests, Likelihood ratio criterion - Definition and test for
means and variance (one sample only).

UNIT - III

Sequential Probability Ratio Test - Definition - properties - Wald’s equation -

construction of SPRT - binomial - poisson - normal distributions - OC and ASN
computations.

UNIT - IV

Non-parametric tests - Run, Median, sign and Mann Whitney tests (one sample and
two sample) problems. Wilcoxon Signed rank test, test sum test, Kolmogorov's
Smirnov one sample test and Kruskal Wallis test.

UNIT - V

Basic ideas on decision theory - Loss functions - Risk functions - Prior distributions -
Bayes Risk - Simple problems based on Bayes estimation and testing.

Text Books:
1. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. and Boes, D.C. (1974): Introduction to the theory of
Statistics, McGraw Hill.
2. Rohatgi, V.K. (1984) An introduction to probability theory and mathematical
statistics, Wiley Eastern.
3. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V.K.(2004): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,
Sultan Chand and Sons.
4. Hogg R.V.and Craig, A.T. (1972): Introduction to mathematical statistics, 3rd
edition, Academic Press, USA.
5. Goon, A.M. Gupta, M.K., and Das Gupta, B. (1980): An outline of statistical
theory, Vol.I, 6th revised ed. World Press limited, Calcutta.
Reference Books:
1. Hod, P.G. (1971): Introduction to mathematical statistics, Asia publishing house.
43
2. Marek Fisz (1961): Probability theory and Mathematical statistics, John Wiley.
3. Spiegal,M.R. (1982): Theory and problems of probability and statistics, Schaum's
outline series, McGraw Hill
4. Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1967): Statistical methods 6th edition

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know Neyman-Pearson Lemma
and its applications in hypothesis testing
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know uniformly most powerful
tests
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know sequential probability ratio test
and its applications.
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know various nonparametric tests
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know the concept of decision
theory.

44
 PAPER - 10
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

Course Objective(s)
To focus on the design and analysis of variance techniques in the statistical field
experiments.
UNIT - I

Fundamental Principles of Experiments - Replication, Randomization and Local

Control Techniques - Experimental errors - Uniformity trails - Size of experimental
unit - Methods of determination of experimental units - (Maximum curvature method-
Fairfield Smith's variance law).

UNIT - II

Analysis of Variance - one-way, two-way classification (without interaction) Multiple

range tests: Newman Keul's test- Duncan's multiple range test. Tukey's test-Need for
transformations Square root, angular and log transformations.

UNIT - III

Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and its analysis - Randomized Block Design
(RBD) and its analysis - Latin Square Design(LSD) and its analysis - Merits and
demerits of CRD, RBD and LSD.

UNIT - IV

Missing plot technique - Meaning - Least square method of estimating missing

Observations - one and two observations missing in RBD and LSD - Analysis of
covariance technique in CRD and RBD(without derivation) - concept of Split-plot
design

UNIT - V
Factorial experiments - Definition 22, 23 and 32 factorial experiments and their
analysis - Analysis of BIBD and parametric Relations - concept of confounding and
its merits.

Text Books:

1. Das M.N and Giri N.C (1986) Design and Analysis of Experiments, Wiley
Eastern, New Delhi.
2. Gupta, S.P. and Kapoor, V.K. (1978): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics,
Sultan Chand & Sons.
3. Panneerselvam, R. (2012): Design and Analysis of Experiments, PHI.

45
Reference Books:
1. Rangaswamy, R (2014). Text book of Agricultural Statistics, New Age publishers
2. Montgomery, D (1972) Design of Experiments, John Wiley and Sons
3. Kempthorne, (1956) Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley. New York.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know the principles of
experimental designs.
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know ANOVA and multiple
comparison tests.
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know various design procedures
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know missing plot techniques
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know the concept of factorial
experiments.

46
 PAPER - 11
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

Course Objective(s)

To enable the students to know the basic concepts of stochastic processes

UNIT - I

Basic Concepts: Definition and examples of stochastic process, classification of

general stochastic processes into discrete and continuous time, discrete and continuous
state spaces, types of stochastic processes, elementary problems.

UNIT - II

Markov chains: Definition and examples of Markov chain, Transition Probability

Matrix, classification of states, recurrence, simple problems

UNIT - III

Basic limit theorem of Markov chain (statement only), stationary probability

distribution, applications.

UNIT - IV

Continuous Time Markov chain: Pure birth process and Poisson process, Birth and
Death process, problems.

UNIT - V

Branching process: Definition and examples of discrete time branching process,

probability generating function, mean and variance, probability of extinction, simple
problems.

Text Books:
1. Medhi, J. (1996): Stochastic processes, New Age International (p) Ltd.
2. Karlin, S. and Taylor, H.M. (1975): A first course in Stochastic processes,
Academic press.
Reference Books:
1. Hoel, P.M.G., Port, S.C. and Stone, C.J. (1991): Introduction to Stochastic
processes, Universal Book Stall.
2. Parzen, E. (1962): Stochastic processes, Holden-Day.
3. Cinlar, B. (1975) Introduction to Stochastic processes, Prentice Hall.
4. Adke, S.R. and Manjunath, S.M. (1984): An introduction to Finite Markov
Processes, Wiley Eastern.
5. Ross, S.M. (1983): Stochastic processes, John Wiley.

Course Outcomes

47
1. After studied unit-1, the student will be able to know random processes and its
classification.
2. After studied unit-2, the student will be able to know Markov chain and its
applications.
3. After studied unit-3, the student will be able to know limiting distribution of
transition probability
4. After studied unit-4, the student will be able to know Poisson process and its
applications
5. After studied unit-5, the student will be able to know the concept of branching
processes.

48
 CORE PRACTICAL
STATISTICAL PRACTICAL-III
Course Objective(s)
To enable students to solve problems related to estimation and hypothesis testing, statistical
quality control techniques and design and analysis of experiments

Problems relating to the following topics which are covered in Semester V and Semester
VI shall form the basis for practical:

1. Estimation theory (problems related to estimation of parameters under various methods,

confidence intervals for mean, variance and proportions)
2. Statistical Quality Control (Control charts for variables and attributes).
3. Testing of Statistical Hypotheses (problem related to test of significance of mean,
variances, one sample, two samples and more than two samples, Non-parametric tests)
4. Design and Analysis of Experiments (problem related to CRD, RBD, LSD, Missing Plot
Techniques, Factorial experiments 23, 32 and BIBD)

Text Books
Books prescribed in the respective core papers shall be used.
Note
The maximum marks for continuous internal assessment and end semester University
examination for Statistical Practical-III shall be fixed as 40 and 60, respectively. The
continuous internal assessment shall involve test (25 marks) and record work (15
marks). The question paper at the end semester examination shall consist of four
questions with internal choice. A candidate shall attend all the four questions, each
of which shall carry 15 marks.

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 PROJECT WITH VIVA-VOCE
Course Objective(s)

To enable students to utilize the theoretical knowledge gained in the core papers
and to develop computational and technical skills for real life applications by
collecting primary / secondary data and performing analyses and submitting their
findings in the form of dissertation / project.

Note
All the admitted candidates shall have to carry out a project work during the
sixth semester under the supervision of the faculty of the Department of Statistics in
the College. The core project may be individual / group project (Not exceeding
five members in a group). Candidates shall have to submit three copies of the report
of the project work at the end of the fourth semester at least two weeks before the
last working day and shall have to appear for a viva-voce examination.
The report shall be evaluated and viva-voce examination shall be conducted
jointly by an External Examiner and the Project Guide.
The maximum marks for the project report and viva – voce examination shall
be fixed as 100, which is split with the following components:

Internal Assessment Marks by the Project/Dissertation Guide : 25 marks

Evaluation of Project/Dissertation Report jointly by the : 50 marks
External Examiner and the Guide
Conduct of Viva-Voce Examination by the external examiner : 25 marks

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 INTERNAL ELECTIVE

PAPER - 2

(to choose one out of 2)

A. MATHEMATICAL ECONOMICS

Course Objective(s)
To enable the students to learn mathematical and statistical tools in Economics

UNIT - I

Scope and methods of Mathematical Economics - Laws of demand , Demand schedule

(Individual and Market) - Demand function - Factors influencing the demand -
Exception to the law of demand - Elasticity of demand with respect to price and
income - Factors affecting the elasticity of demand - Partial elasticity of demand with
respect to price - Simple problems in elasticity of demand.

UNIT - II

Supply - Factors affecting the supply of a commodity - Relation between demand and
supply - Utility - Concept of utility - Concept of human wants - Maximization of
utility - Marginal and total utility - Law of diminishing marginal utility - Indifference
curves and map - Properties of indifference curve - Price line.

UNIT - III

Cost Analysis - Different types of cost - Total, average and marginal cost functions -
Relation between average and marginal costs - Problems related to total, average and
marginal costs - Revenue - Total, average and marginal revenue functions and their
relationship - Simple problems related to maximization of total revenue

UNIT - IV

Market Structure - Definition of Market - Perfect completion - Pure competition -

Monopolistic competition and duopolistic competition (Only concept) - Profit
maximisation - Profit function - Carnot solution to monopoly problem for
maximization problem - Joint monopoly and discriminating monopoly - Problems
related to profit maximization under monopoly. Duopoly - Conjectural variation and
reaction curves - Simple maximization problem under duopoly.
UNIT - V
Theoretical Production functions - Mathematical definition of production function -
Constant product curves (Isoquant) - Average and marginal productivity -
Homogenous production functions - Properties of linearly homogeneous production
function – Cobb-Douglas production function - C. E. S. production function

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Text Books:
1. Varma and Agarwal (1998): Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand and
Company, New Delhi.
2. Mehta and Madhnani (2001): Mathematics for Economists, Sultan Chand and
Company, New Delhi (Chapters 6, 8, and 9).
Reference Books:
1. Allen R.J.D.(1979): Mathematical Economics, Macmillan Press

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know basics of mathematical
economics
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know relationship between supply
and demand
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know to execute cost analysis
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know market structure
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know production function and its
properties

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 INTERNAL ELECTIVE

PAPER - 2

REAL ANALYSIS

Course Objective(s)

To enable students to understand the concept of sequence, limits and mean value
theorems.

UNIT - I

Sets: Sets - elements - Operations on set - Functions: Real valued functions

equivalence - Countability - Real numbers - Upper and Lower bounds - Supremum
and Infemum.

UNIT - II

Sequence of real numbers: Limit of a sequence - Convergent sequences, Divergent

sequences - Bounded sequences - Monotone sequences Cauchy’s first and second
theorem on limits Cauchy’s general principle of convergence

UNIT - III
Series of real numbers: Convergence and divergence - series with non-negative terms
- comparison test D’Alembert’s ratio test, Cauchy’s Root test - Alternating. Series -
Conditional convergence and absolute convergence Leibnitz test.

UNIT - IV

Functions: Limit of real valued functions in one variable, continuity types of

discontinuities algebra of continuous functions - Extreme value theorem. Intermediate
value theorem - Uniformly Continuous functions

UNIT - V

Differentiability of Functions - Rolle’s theorem - Mean value theorem for derivatives.

Taylor s Series expansion - Application to maxima and minima.

Text Books:
1. D. Somasundaram and B. Choudhary (2002) : A first course in
Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing house.
2. R. R. Goldberg (1970) : Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford & IBH.
3. W. Rudin(1976): Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3/e, McGraw Hill
Company.

Reference Books:
1. T. M. Apostol(1985): Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House.

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Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know the concept of set theory and
applications
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know the concept of real numbers
and sequences
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know the concept of series of real
number and its convergence and divergence
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know functions and extreme value
theorem and it usage
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know mean value theorems and its
applications

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 INTERNAL ELECTIVE

PAPER - 3
(to choose one out of 2)

A. STATISTICAL GENETICS

Course Objective(s)

To enhance the students apply statistical methods in Genetics

UNIT - I
Statistics Genetics: Cells, Chromosomes, Gametes, Genes and Gene frequency,
Mendel’s law - Single locus with two alleles - Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - A-B-O
blood group system, Calculation of Probabilities of offspring blood group for given
parental blood group - Chance of incompatibility.

UNIT - II
Definition of ED50, ED90 etc. - Simple method of estimation of the above. Data:
Dose levels (Z,I), number of individuals exposed (n,l), number responding (r,l).
Simple regression of probit on log dose to estimate parameters of tolerance
distribution.

UNIT - III
Introduction to logistic regression with binary response and one independent variables
(continuous) - Exponential and logistic model of population growth, solving the
following differential equations: DNt/dt=kNt, dNt(k-Nt). Fitting the above growth
models to data by linearization and regression.

UNIT - IV
Capture - recapture method of abundance estimation. One and two recapture
occasions. Use of likelihood under binomial distribution - Concept of biodiversity.
Simpson’s and Shannon-Wiener indices.

UNIT - V
Study of exponential and Weibull distributions as models for survivorship data.
Corresponding hazard functions and interpretation of their shapes. Applications to
environmental data.

Text Books:
1. D.J.Finney(1978): Statistical Methods in Biological Assays, Charles Griffics &
Co.
2. A.P.Gore and S.A. Paranjpe(2000): A course in Mathematical & Statistical
Ecology, Kluwer.
References Books:
1. R.C. Elandt Johnson (1975): Probability Models and Statistical Methods in

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Genetics Wiley.
2. C. C. Li (1976): First course in Population Genetics, Boxwood Press.

Course Outcomes
1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know the basics of genetics
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know estimation of parameters
using probit models
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know estimation of parameters
using logit models
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know various computational
method indices
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know applications of exponential
and weibull distribution.

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 INTERNAL ELECTIVE
PAPER - 3
ACTUARIAL STATISTICS

Course Objective(s)
To impart basic concepts in actuarial studies and to make the students to take up the
career in Actuarial Practice

UNIT - I

Effective Rate of Interest i - Nominal Rate of Interest i(m)- Force of Interest a -

Relationships between different rates of interest - Expression for a by use of calculus -
Present values - Effective rate of discount d - Nominal rate of discount d(m).

UNIT - II

Annuities - Immediate Annuity - Annuity - due - perpetuity - accumulation and

Present values of Annuities - Increasing and Decreasing annuities - Annuities and
interest rates with different frequencies - Continuous Annuities.

UNIT - III

Analysis of Annuity payments - Capital and Interest elements included in the Annuity
payments - loan outstanding after t payments - purchase price of Annuities - Annuities
involving income tax - Purchase prices of an annuity net of tax.

UNIT - IV
Stochastic interest rates - Independent annual interest annual interest rates - The
definition of Sn - Mean and variance of Sn - Definition of An - Mean and variance of
An - Simple problems.

UNIT - V

Probabilities of living and dying - The force of mortality ix - Estimation of ix -

Uniform Distribution of deaths - Select and Ultimate rates.

Text Books:
1. Donald, D.W.A.(1975).Compound Interest and Annuities certain. Heinemann,
London.
2. Frank Ayres,J.R.(1983).Theory and problems of mathematics of Finance.
Schaum’s outline series, McGraw hill book company, Singapore.

Reference Books:
1. Mc Cutcheon J.J.and Scott.(1989).Mathematics of Finance, Heinemann, London.
2. Neill,A(1977).Life Contingencies, Heinemann, London.

Course Outcomes

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1. After studied unit - 1, the student will be able to know computation of interest and
its variants
2. After studied unit - 2, the student will be able to know computation of annuities
3. After studied unit - 3, the student will be able to know various related features of
annuities
4. After studied unit - 4, the student will be able to know computation of stochastic
interest rates
5. After studied unit - 5, the student will be able to know computation of mortality

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 SKILL BASED SUBJECT
PAPER - 4 (PRACTICAL II)
STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS -II (Software based)

Course Objective(s)

To enable students to utilize the theoretical knowledge gained in the core papers
and to develop computational and technical skills for real life applications
emphasizing the importance of statistical software programming.

To compute the various statistical measures using statistical software

1. Tabulation and diagrammatical representation of data.

2. Measures of Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis
3. Correlation and Regression, simple and multiple linear regression.
4. Parametric tests - t-test, F-test, chisquare test.
5. Analysis of variance: One way Classification, Two way Classification.
6. Non-parametric tests: Sign test, Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test, Median test,
Run test, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Kruskal Wallis test.
7. Statistical Quality control charts for variables
8. Statistical Quality control charts for attributes

Text Books
Books prescribed in the respective core papers shall be used.
Note
The maximum marks for continuous internal assessment and end semester University
examination for Statistical Data Analysis-II shall be fixed as 40 and 60, respectively.
The continuous internal assessment shall involve test and record work. The question
paper at the end semester examination shall consist of four questions with internal
choice. A candidate shall attend all the four questions, each of which shall carry 15
marks.

***********

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