10th CLASS

MATHEMATICS
 REAL NUMBERS
3.Fundamental Theorem 5.Irrational numbers
1.Introduction of Arithmetic

Theorem 1.1 Theorem 1.2 Theorem 1.6 Examples

√𝟐
Logarithms
2.Euclid’s Division 4.Rational numbers- 5-√𝟑
Lemma Decimal Expansions 𝟑√𝟑 Introduction Properties
Problems using 𝟐 + √𝟑
Lemma 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙 + 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒚
𝒙
Theorem 1.3 Theorem 1.4 Theorem 1.5 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 ( ) = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒚
𝒚
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙n = 𝐧 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙
Problems using
Logarithms
 SETS
3. Types of 4.Venn 5.Basic Operations
1.Introduction 2.Set on Sets
Sets Diagrams

A2 4 B
Union of Sets
Empty Set/Null Set/Void Set 1 3 5
11
AUB = {1,2,3,4,5}
Roaster Form
Universal Set A Intersection of Sets
2 4 B
Set Builder Form 1 3 5
Sub Set A∩B = {3}
A B
Equal Set 2 4 Disjoint of Sets
1 5
A∩B = ∅
Finite Set A
2 4 B Difference of Sets
3 5
Infinite Set 1
A−B = {1,2}
 4.Relationship between 5.Division
3.Working with
1.Introduction 2.Polynomial Zeroes and Co-efficiants of a Algorithm for
Polynomials Polynomial. polynomials
Monomial Degree of a Linear polynomial
−𝒃
Polynomial P(x)= ax+b 𝜶=
Graphical meaning 𝒂
(zeroes=𝜶)
Binomial of the zeroes of a
Value of a Polynomial Quadratic polynomial 𝜶+𝜷= 𝒂
−𝒃

Multinomial Polynomial P(x)= a𝒙𝟐+bx+c 𝜶𝜷 =

𝒄
(zeroes= 𝜶, 𝜷) 𝒂
Zeroes of a −𝒃
𝜶+𝜷+𝜸 =
Polynomial Cubic polynomial 𝒂
𝒄
P(x)= a𝒙𝟑+b𝒙𝟐+cx+d 𝜶𝜷 + 𝜷𝜸 + 𝜶𝜸 =
𝒂
Linear quadratic cubic (zeroes= 𝜶, 𝜷, 𝜸) −𝒅
𝜶𝜷𝜸=
𝒂

given any polynomial p(x),and any non-zero

polynomial g(x),there are polynomials
q(x),r(x) such that p(x)= g(x)q(x)+r(x)
 PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

Solutions of Pair of Linear Equations Reducible to a Pair of

Introduction
Equations in Two Variables Linear Equations in Two variables

Unknown Quantities
Graphical Algebraic Relation between coefficients and
Method Method Nature of Equations
Using both Equations
together
Coefficients Pair of linear equations
𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 consistent
Substitution ≠
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
Method
𝒂𝟏 𝒃 𝟏 𝒄𝟏 Inconsistent
= ≠
Elimination 𝒂𝟐 𝒃 𝟐 𝒄𝟐
Method 𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒄𝟏 Dependent and consistent
= =
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Introduction Quadratic Equations Nature of roots

QE solutions Graphical Discrimination Roots

−𝒃 ± 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
b2-4ac > 0 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
Completing the
Factorisation
Square −𝒃 −𝒃
method b2-4ac =0 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
, 𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
method

b2-4ac < 0 𝒏𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔

 PROGRESSIONS

Introduction Arithmetic Progression Geometric Progression

AP= a,a+d,a+2d,
History General form of AP General form of GP GP= a,ar,ar2 ,ar3 ,…
a+3d,….

Finite AP a= first term a= first term

Eg: 1,3,5,7,9. d= common difference r= common ratio
Parameters Parameters
Infinite AP of AP nth term of AP of GP nth term of GP
Eg: 3,6,9,12,15,... 𝒕𝒏 = a+(n-1)d 𝒂𝒏 = arn-1

Sum of First n 𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = [2a+(n-1)d]
terms of AP 𝟐
 COORDINATE GEOMETRY

5.Trisectional points
1.Introduction 3.Section Formula of a line
7.Straight Lines

2. Distance between 4.Centroid of a 6. Area of a 8.Slope of the

two points Triangle Triangle Straight Line
Two points on a line 𝒎𝟏 𝒙𝟐 +𝒎𝟐 𝒙𝟏 𝒎𝟏 𝒚𝟐 +𝒎𝟐 𝒚𝟏
parallel to X-axis = 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏 P(x, y) = , Slope of a line joining two points:
𝒎𝟏 +𝒎𝟐 𝒎𝟏 +𝒎𝟐 𝒚 −𝒚
m= tan𝛉 = 𝟐 𝟏
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏
Two points on a line
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 +𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟏 +𝒚𝟐 +𝒚𝟑
parallel to Y-axis = 𝒚𝟐 −𝒚𝟏 G(x,y) = ,
𝟑 𝟑

Any two points on a line in

the X-Y plane: 𝟏
∆= 𝒙 𝒚 −𝒚 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 −𝒚𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟏 −𝒚𝟐
d = (𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 − (𝒚𝟐 −𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
∆ =0 Collinearity
Heron’s Formula: ∆= 𝑺(𝑺−a) (S−b) (S−c),
𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
where S =
𝟐
 SIMILAR TRIANGLES

3.Criteria for Similarity 5.Phthagoras Theorem

1.Introduction of Triangles (Boudhayan Theorem)

Similar figures 1.AAA 2.SSS Theorem:8.7

3.SAS

Similarity of Theorem:8.3 Theorem:8.4 Theorem:8.5 Theorem:8.8 6.Theoritical

Triangles Statements
Theorem:8.9
2.Basic Proportionality Negation of a Statement
Theorem 4.Area of Similar Triangles
(Thales Theorem) Converse of a Statement

Theorem:8.1 Theorem:8.2 Theorem:8.6 Proof by Contradiction

Construction:
Division of a Line segment
 TANGENTS AND SECANTS TO A
CIRCLE

4.Finding Length of the 6.Segment of a circle

1.Introduction 3.Tangents of a Circle
Tangent formed by a secant

5.Number of tangent to
2. A line and a Circle Theorm: 9.1
a circle from any point
7. Finding the area of
Construction: segment of a circle
Theorem:9.2
Tangent to a Circle
Construction: Tangents to a
circle from an external point

Statements

Area of a segment of circle=

Area of a corresponding
sector- Area of a Triangle
 MENSURATION
1.Introduction 2.Surface area of the
SHAPE ITEM LSA/CSA TSA VOLUME Combination of Solids

CUBE 4a2 6a2 a3

Surface areas and volumes of

3.Volume of Combination
of Solids
different solid shapes

CUBOID 2h(l+b) 2(lb+bh+hl) lbh

CYLINDER 2𝝅rh 2𝝅r(r+h) 𝝅r2h

4.Conversion of Solid from
𝟏
CONE 𝝅rl 𝝅r(l+r) 𝝅r2h One shape to Another
𝟑
𝟒
SPHERE 4𝝅𝐫2 4𝝅𝐫2 𝝅r3
𝟑
𝟐
HEMI SPHERE 2𝝅𝐫2 3𝝅𝐫2 𝝅r3
𝟑
Perimeter of base x Leteral surface area +2(area Area of a base x height
RIGHT PRISM
height of the end surface)
𝟏 𝟏
PYRAMID (Perimeter of base Leteral surface (Area ofthe base x
𝟐 𝟑
x slant height) area+area of base height)
 TRIGONOMETRY
1.Introduction

2. Naming the sides 3.Defining 4.Trigonometric ratios 5.Trigonometric ratios of 6.Trigonometric

in a Right Triangle Trigonometric Ratios of specific angles complementoary angles Identities

C 𝑶𝒑𝒑.𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑩𝑪 𝜽 00 300 450 600 900 Sin 𝟗𝟎 − 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽

sin𝜽= =
𝑯𝒚𝒑 𝑨𝑪
cos 𝟗𝟎 − 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝑨𝒅𝒋.𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑩 sin𝜽 0 𝟏 𝟏 √𝟑 𝟏 t𝐚𝐧 𝟗𝟎 − 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
c𝐨𝐬𝜽= = 𝟐 √𝟐 c𝐨𝐭 𝟗𝟎 − 𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝜃 𝑯𝒚𝒑 𝑨𝑪 𝟐
c𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟗𝟎 − 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽
A B 𝑶𝒑𝒑.𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑩𝑪 c𝐨𝐬𝜽 1 √𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 0
t𝐚𝐧𝜽= = s𝐞𝐜 𝟗𝟎 − 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽
𝑨𝒅𝒋.𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑩 𝟐 √𝟐 𝟐
In ∆ABC, t𝐚𝐧𝜽 0 𝟏 1 √𝟑 ∞
𝑨𝒅𝒋.𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑪
AC = Hypotenuse cosic𝜽=
𝑯𝒚𝒑
=
𝑩𝑪
√𝟑 1.sin2𝜽+ cos2𝜽 = 1
BC = Opposite side c𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝜽 ∞ 2 √𝟐 𝟐 1
AB = Adjacent side Sec𝜽=
𝑨𝒅𝒋.𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆
=
𝑨𝑪 √𝟑 2.sec2𝜽- tan2𝜽 = 1
𝑯𝒚𝒑 𝑨𝑩
se𝐜𝜽 1 𝟐 √𝟐 2 ∞
𝑨𝒅𝒋.𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝑩 √𝟑 3.cosec2𝜽- cot2𝜽 = 1
cot𝜽= =
𝑯𝒚𝒑 𝑩𝑪 c𝐨𝐭𝜽 ∞ √𝟑 1 𝟏 0
√𝟑
 APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMERTY

Introduction Angle of Angle of Drawing figures to Solution for two

Elevation Depression solve problems Triangles
 STATISTICS

Graphical
Introduction Central Tendency
Representation

Best Value of
Mean Mode Median Central Tendency

Ungrouped 𝑴𝒊𝒅𝒅𝒍𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕

ഥ
𝒙=
∑x Ungrouped 𝑶𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕 Ungrouped 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Data 𝒏 Data 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒍𝒚
Data 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑫𝒂𝒕𝒂

Ogive curve
Grouped Data Grouped Data Grouped Data

i.xi n Obtain Median value

1.Direct Method 𝒙 = ∑f∑f
ഥ 𝒇𝟏 −𝒇𝟎 −𝒄𝒇 from Ogive curve
i 𝒛=l+ xh 𝑴=l+ 𝟐
xh
𝟐𝒇𝟏 −𝒇𝟎 −𝒇𝟐 𝒇
2.Deviation ∑fi.di
Method 𝒙ഥ =
∑fi
3.Step-Deviation ∑fi.ui
Method
ഥ = a+
𝒙 ∑fi x h
 PROBABILITY

Deck of Cards and More applications

Introduction Probability Probability
Use of Probability
of Probability

Theoretical Approach

Mutually Exclusive
Events
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝑬
Finding Probability P(E) =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

Complementory
P(E) = 1- P(E)
Events

Impossible Events

Certain Events
 MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Introduction Mathematical Modelling

Process Advantages Limitations

Step1: Understanding the Problem

Step2: Mathematical Description

Step3: Solving the Problem

Step4: Interpreting the Solution

Step5: Validating the model

Thank you…

Y.ESWARA REDDY
SA(MATHEMATICS)
9493025589