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Information Technology, The Internet, and You: Because Learning Changes Everything

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29 views25 pages

Information Technology, The Internet, and You: Because Learning Changes Everything

Uploaded by

zainabmerza6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Because learning changes everything.

Chapter 1
Information Technology, the
Internet, and You

Computing Essentials 2023


O’Leary

© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
Learning Objectives
1. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures,
software, hardware, data, and the Internet.
2. Distinguish between system software and application software.
3. Differentiate between the three kinds of system software programs.
4. Define and compare general-purpose, specialized, and mobile
applications.
5. Identify the four types of computers and the five types of personal
computers.
6. Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the
system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices.
7. Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and
presentation files.
8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet,
cloud computing, and IoT.
© McGraw Hill, LLC 2
Introduction
Purpose of this book.
Help users become highly efficient and effective computer users.
Teach how to use:
1. Apps and application software.
2. Computer hardware.
• Mobile devices.
• Smartphones.
• Tablets.
• Laptops.

3. The Internet.

Illustrate the impact of technology on privacy and the environment and


the role of personal and organizational ethics.
© McGraw Hill, LLC 3
Parts of an Information System
• People.
• Procedures.
• Software.
• Hardware.
• Data.
• Internet.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 4


People
Most important part of any
system.
Ways this text helps you
become a more efficient and
effective computer users.
• Making IT Work for You.
• Tips.
• Privacy.
• Community.
• Ethics.
• Careers in IT.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Goodluz/Shutterstock 5


Software
Software/Programs.
• Tell the computer how to process data into the form you
want.

Two major kinds of software:


• System Software: Software used by computers.
• Application Software: Software you use.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 6


System Software
Software that enables application software to interact with
the computer hardware.
Background software helps manage resources.
Collection of system programs including:
• Operating Systems.
• Utilities.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 7


Operating System
Coordinates computer resources.
Provides the user interface.
Runs applications.
Types of Operating Systems:
• Embedded operating system.
• Used by Smartphones, tablets,
and other mobile devices.
• Also known as real-time
operating systems (RTOS).

• Standalone operating system.


• Used by desktops.

• Networking operating systems.


• Used to run networks.
© McGraw Hill, LLC Microsoft Corportation; Applie, Inc. 8
Utilities
Perform specific tasks related to managing computer
resources.
Example: Antivirus Program.
• Protects from viruses.
• Can damage your software or hardware.
• Comprise the security and privacy of personal data.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 9


Application Software
End-user software.
Types of application software include:
1. General-Purpose applications.

• Word Processor.
• Spreadsheets.
• Database Management Systems.
• Presentation software.

2. Specialized applications

• Web Authoring.

3. Apps.

• Social media apps.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 10


Hardware – Types of Computers
Supercomputers.
• Most powerful computers.

Mainframe computers.
• Process large amounts of data.

Midrange computers.
• Servers.

Personal computers.
• PCs.
• Five types of PCs.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 11


Personal Computer Types

Access the text alternative for slide images.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Scanrail1/Shutterstock; 4X-image/iiStock/Getty Images; Colin Hui/Shutterstock; junior_cinematic/Shutterstock; Bai-Bua’s Dad/Shutterstock 12
Personal Computer Hardware
Four basic categories of equipment.
• System Unit.
• Input/Output.
• Secondary Storage.
• Communication.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 13


System Unit
Houses most of the electronic
components.
Contains two important
components.
Microprocessor.
Memory.
• Holds data currently being
processed.
• Holds the processed
information before it is
output.
• Temporary storage,
contents are lost when
power is off.

© McGraw Hill, LLC EML/Shutterstock; (RAM): Simon Belcher/Alamy Stock Photo (Microprocessor); leungchopan/Stock/Getty Images 14
Input/Output Devices
Input.
• Translate data into computer language.
• Keyboard and Mouse.

Output.
• Translate computer data into usable information.
• Display, also known as the monitor.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 15


Secondary Storage
Holds data and programs even
if power is off.
Hard disk.
Solid-state storage.
• No moving parts.
• More reliable.
• Requires less power.

Optical disc.
• Laser technology.
• CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Bob Dormon/theregister.co.uk 16


Communication
Communication devices.
• Provide the ability for personal computers to communicate.

Modems.
• Modify audio, video and other types of data for Internet
usage.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 17


Data
Raw, unprocessed facts.
Processed data becomes information.
Digital data is stored electronically in files.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 18


Common Types of Files
• Document.
• Database.
• Worksheet.
• Presentation.

© McGraw Hill, LLC O’Leary Text 19


Connectivity and the Mobile Internet
Connectivity.
• Sharing of information.

Network.
• Communications system connecting two or more devices.
• Central to the concept of connectivity.
• Largest network is the Internet.
• Web provides a multimedia interface for Internet
resources.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 20


Forces of Technology
1. Cloud computing.
• Computers on the Internet.
• Access to more resources.
2. Wireless technology.
• Changing the way we communicate.
• Tablets, smartphones, wearable devices.
3. Internet of Things (IoT).
• Continuing development of the Internet.
• Allowing all types of devices to communicate.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 21


Careers in IT
Web Developer. Computer Technician.
• Develops and maintains • Repairs and installs computer
websites and web components and systems.
resources.
Technical Writer.
Software Engineer.
• Prepares instruction manuals,
• Analyzes users’ needs and technical reports, and other
creates application scientific or technical
software. documents.
Computer Support Specialist. Network Administrator.
• Provides technical support • Creates and maintains
to customers and other computer networks.
users.

© McGraw Hill, LLC 22


A Look to the Future
Using and Understanding
Information Technology.
• The Internet and the Web.
• Powerful Software.
• Powerful Hardware.
• Privacy, Security, and
Ethics.
• Organizations.
• Changing Times.

© McGraw Hill, LLC Wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock 23


Open Ended Questions
1. Explain the parts of an information system. What part do
people play in this system?
2. What is system software? What kinds of programs are
included in system software?
3. Define and compare general-purpose applications, specialized
applications, and apps. Describe some different types of
general-purpose applications. Describe some types of
specialized applications.
4. Describe the different types of computers. What is the most
common type? What are the types of personal computers?
5. What is connectivity? What is a computer network? What are
the Internet and the Web? What are cloud computing, the
wireless revolution, and IoT?

© McGraw Hill, LLC 24


Because learning changes everything. ®

www.mheducation.com

© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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