Advanced Java Programming

by
Amol S. Gaikwad
Lecturer,
Government Polytechnic Gadchiroli
Advanced Java Programming
Unit-I
Abstract Windowing
Toolkit (AWT)
 Unit Outcomes

Welcome!
Develop Graphical User (GUI) programs using AWT
Components for given component

Create frame window with specified AWT

components
Are you excited for a fun
Arrange the GUI components using specified AWT
learning session?
components

Develop programs using menu and Dialog Boxes for the given
 What is AWT ?

Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is one of java's largest packages

AWT containes many classess and methods

AWT classes are present in java.awt package

AWT is use to create and manage windows

We can create user interface with AWT.

 Windows Fundamentals
Component class

Container class

Window class
Panel class

Frame class

Fig 1.1 The class hierarchy of Panel and Frame

 Top of AWT heirarchy All UI elements are
subclass of this class

Has 100 public methods

Component Manages events such as
Class mouse and keyboard i/p

Component object remembers

foreground,background, text font
 This class is sublcass of Has methods Component
Component class objects to be nested
within it.

This class is responsible for

Other conatiner objects
laying out components Container
can be stored inside of a
Class
container

It uses various layout managers

 This class is sublcass of No new methods, simply
Container class implements Container

Applet output is drawn on Panel is superclass for

Panel Class
surface of Panel object Applet

Panel window doesn't contain title bar,

menu bar, or border Other components can be added to a
Panel object by its add( ) method
 This class creates a top A top level window is not
level window contained in any other
object

Generally we don't create

It directly sits on desktop Window object directly
Window Class

Instead we use sublcass of Window called Frame

Canvas is a not a part of Canvas is a blank window on
heirarchy which you can draw

Canvas Class

It is other type of window

 Creating Frame windows

Frame class constructors

Frame( )
Frame( String title)
Setting window's dimensions
void setSize(int newWidth, int newHeight)

void setSize(Dimension newSize)

Dimension getSize( )
 Creating Frame windows

Hiding and showing a window

void setVisible(boolean visibleFlag)
Setting a window's title
void setTitle(String newTitle)
Closing a Frame window
setVisible(false)
windowClosing( )
 Output of Frame window
Applet window Frame window
Sample AWT Application
AWT Application
 AWT controls and layout managers

Controls are components that allows to interact with the

application

Layout managers automatically positions components

within a container

Menu bar creates a drop down menus of options from

which we can select options
 AWT controls List
AWT supports following types of controls
Labels
Push buttons
Check boxes

Choice list
Lists

Scroll bars

Text Editing
 AWT controls

Label
TextField

CheckBoxGroup

Choice

CheckBox
TextArea

Button
 Labels

A label is an object of class/type Label

It contains a string displayed on screen
It is passive control and doesn't support any interaction

Constructors of Label class

Label( ) throws HeadlessException

Label(String str) throws HeadlessException

Label(String str, int how) throws HeadlessException

 Functions & Example of Labels

void setText(String str)

String getText( )

void setAlignment(int how)

void setAlignment(int how)

int getAlignment( )
 Buttons
A push button is an object of class/type Button

A push button contains a label

It can be pressed to generate event

Button( ) throws HeadlessException

Button(String str) throws HeadlessException

void setLabel(String str)

String getLabel( )
Example of Buttons
 Checkbox
A checkbox is an object of class/type Checkbox

It has a small box which can be checked

Checkbox has label

It's state can be changed by clicking it

Check boxes can be used individually or part of a group

 Constructors of Checkbox
Checkbox( ) throws HeadlessException

Checkbox(String str) throws HeadlessException

Checkbox(String str, boolean on) throws HeadlessException

Checkbox(String str, boolean on, CheckboxGroup cbGroup) throws

HeadlessException

Checkbox(String str, CheckboxGroup cbGroup, boolean on)

throws HeadlessException
 Functions & Example of Checkbox
boolean getState( )

void setState(boolean on)

String getLabel( )

void setLabel(String str)

 CheckboxGroup
Creates mutually exclusive check boxes

Also called as radio button, only one can be selected

First we need to create group and then individual checkboxes

Check box groups are objects of class / type CheckboxGroup.

Checkbox getSelectedCheckbox( )

void setSelectedCheckbox(Checkbox which)

setSelectedCheckbox( ).

getSelectedCheckbox( ).
Example of CheckboxGroup
 Choice Controls
popup list is created using Choice class

Each item the popup list is string and left justifiable

void add(String name)

String getSelectedItem( )

int getSelectedIndex( )

int getItemCount( )

void select(int index)

void select(int index)
String getItem(int index)
Example of Choice Controls
 Lists
Scrolling selection list is created using List class

Multiple selection of options are available

Can show any number of choices in visible window

List( ) throws HeadlessException

List(int numRows) throws HeadlessException

List(int numRows, boolean multipleSelect) throws HeadlessException

 Functions in Lists
void add(String name) void select(int index)

void add(String name, int index) void select(int index)

String getSelectedItem( )
String getItem(int index)
int getSelectedIndex( )

String[ ] getSelectedItems( )

int[ ] getSelectedIndexes( )

int getItemCount( )
Functions in Lists
 Scroll Bars
Scroll bars are used to select continuous values between specified
minimum and maximum

The current value of the scroll bar relative to its minimum and
maximum values is indicated by the slider box (or thumb) for the
scroll bar.

Scroll bars are created using Scrollbar class

Scrollbar( ) throws HeadlessException

Scrollbar(int style) throws HeadlessException

Scrollbar(int style, int initialValue, int thumbSize, int min, int max)
throws HeadlessException
 Functions of Scrollbar
void setValues(int initialValue, int thumbSize, int min, int max)

int getValue( )

void setValue(int newValue)

int getMinimum( ), int getMaximum( )

void setUnitIncrement(int newIncr)

void setBlockIncrement(int newIncr)

getAdjustmentType( )
Example of Scrollbar
 TextField
Single line text entry is created using TextField class

Also called edit control

TextField class is a subclass of TextComponent class

TextField( ) throws HeadlessException

TextField(int numChars) throws HeadlessException

TextField(String str) throws HeadlessException

TextField(String str, int numChars) throws HeadlessException

 Functions of TextField class
String getText( )

void setText(String str)

String getSelectedText( )

void select(int startIndex, int endIndex)

boolean isEditable( )

void setEditable(boolean canEdit)

void setEchoChar(char ch)

Example of TextField
 TextArea
Multiline editor is created using TextArea class

TextArea( ) throws HeadlessException

TextArea(int numLines, int numChars) throws HeadlessException

TextArea(String str) throws HeadlessException

TextArea(String str, int numLines, int numChars) throws HeadlessException

TextArea(String str, int numLines, int numChars, int sBars) throws

HeadlessException
 Functions & Example of TextArea
void append(String str)

void insert(String str, int index)

void replaceRange(String str, int

startIndex, int endIndex)

TextArea class is subclass of

TextComponent class
 Layout Managers
Layout manager decides where to place controls in window

Each container object has layout manager associated with it

Layout manager is instance/object of any class that implements

LayoutManager interface

void setLayout(LayoutManager layoutObj)

void setLayout(LayoutManager layoutObj)

If setLayout() function is not used then default

layout manager is used
 LayoutManager classes
FlowLayout BorderLayout

GridLayout CardLayout

GridBagLayout
 Question Spot !!

Identify AWT controls and Layout managers for

User Interface of Student Registration System of
Government Polytechnic Gadchiroli
 Components are placed left to right
It is default layout manager
and top to bottom like text editor

FlowLayout
FlowLayout( ) FlowLayout(int how)

FlowLayout(int how, int horz, int vert)

Example of Flowlyout
 These are north, south , east, west
Border layout devides
and center
window into 5 components

BorderLayout(int horz,
BorderLayout int vert)
BorderLayout( )

void add(Component compObj, Object region)

Example of BorderLayout
 Insets
Insets is used to provide small amount of space betweeen the container
that holds your components and the window that contains it.

getInsets( ) method of container class is used for this.

Insets(int top, int left, int bottom, int right)

Insets getInsets( )
 GridLayout uses two Number of rows and columns are
dimensional grid defined

GridLayout(int numRows,
int numColumns)
GridLayout
GridLayout( )

GridLayout(int numRows, int numColumns, int horz, int vert)

Example of GridLayout
 CardLayout stores various
other layouts Each layout is like card in a deck

CardLayout(int horz, int vert)

CardLayout
CardLayout( )

The cards held in object off The cards that form the deck
class/type Panel are also typically objects of
class/type Panel
 void add(Component void first(Container deck)
panelObj, Object name)

void last(Container deck)

CardLayout
void next(Container
deck)

void show(Container deck,

void previous(Container deck)
String cardName)
Example of CardLayout
 We can specify relative
position of components
Each component has different size
within cell inside grid

Each row in grid have different

no. of columns

GridBagLayout( ) GridBagLayout

Location,size, constraints of void setConstraints(Component

components is contained in object of comp, GridBagConstraints cons)
GridBagConstraints class
Example of GridBagLayout
 Generally top level window
has menubar associated Menu bar displayes list of top level
with it menu choices

Menu bar containes one or

more Menu objects

Three classes use: Menu Bars,Menus &

MenuBar, Menu, Menu Items
MenuItem

Each Menu object contains list of Menu is subclass of MenuItem

MenuItem objects
 Checkable menu items can
also be created using Menu( ) throws HeadlessException
CheckboxMenuItem class

Menu(String optionName)
throws HeadlessException
MenuItem( ) throws
HeadlessException Menu Bars,Menus &
Menu Items

Menu(String optionName, boolean MenuItem(String itemName)

removable) throws HeadlessException throws HeadlessException
 MenuItem(String itemName,
MenuShortcut keyAccel)
void setEnabled(boolean enabledFlag)
throws HeadlessException

void setLabel(String newName)

boolean isEnabled( )
Menu Bars,Menus &
Menu Items

String getLabel( ) CheckboxMenuItem( ) throws

HeadlessException
 CheckboxMenuItem(String itemName) CheckboxMenuItem(String
throws HeadlessException itemName, boolean on) throws
HeadlessException

void setState(boolean Menu Bars,Menus & boolean getState( )

checked)
Menu Items

Object getItem( )
MenuItem add(MenuItem item)
Menu add(Menu menu)
Example of MenuBar,Menu,MenuItem

Menus
MenuBar

MenuItems
 They are child windows of top
Dialog boxes are used to get user input
level windows

Dialog boxes don't

have menu bars
They function as
Dialog(Frame Dialog Boxes frame windows
parentWindow, String
title, boolean mode)
Dialog(Frame
parentWindow, boolean
Model dialog box: cannot access mode)
other part of windows
Modeless dialog box: can access
other parts windows
Example of DialogBox
 Object of FileDialog class is used to It is generally provided by
created file dialog box operating system

FileDialog(Frame parent)
String getDirectory( )
FileDialog
String getFile( )

FileDialog(Frame parent,
FileDialog(Frame parent, String boxName, int how)
String boxName)
Example of FileDialog
Activity Time
Assessment Test
Program Assignment
Group Discussion
 Supplemental
Video
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/105/1
06105191/
 Additional Resources
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java

https://www.javatpoint.com/free-java-
projects
 Summary of Class
1
2 3
Unit Recap 1 Unit Recap 2
Unit Recap 3
Types of Creating
AWT Controls.
Winodws windowed
programs

4
Unit Recap 4
Layout
Managers
 References
The Complete Reference Java Seventh Edition - Herbert
Schildt,McGraw Hill Publication
Thank You
For Attending!