)Doube slit interferena t apeimant ya

bam of Electens..

Linesriky d Line Sueerhosthbn fntnible

lheak
This heans that he e
of sand its desuvative ho tem

oue ffestontwere funchn

yetesut differet qeantua States
he same system hen' tht lincax
Wawe fenctoa ofa gåven syta

y's ls a solboh
 Suporyashdn Bihetple

haouns thysgh the same egin

that
wcwcs ansvctsns
s

sefa~atey
lincer srkerfehon fanule.

waNcfunthon
<O
I?hear Combinato h

plnt) = Ae
E h = 2TV =

Pn 2T
 - Ae ) lAen t).
witt we yet
Ae
t

dt

ti wkt n we get
Ae

dn

PxP,
dehyaton Posihisn,
Posit'on
Lm
2
hQyECa,t).mn 2

Mompntum
2
oeator. y(ot) E
2m
s 2m
Energg Jt 2
sides.
both On

opeato
7'))+))

r
2
) o entum oeratok.

foy 3Dimebsionel
f Momlntum afeeratok

w=E

do
dm

A
) Total_eneg okerato.
lehe DinesionalTinas

amitouia n 2m

Jesetoni
Rn-Et)
WK:T Aei

Ae
E E

)t
 for 3-dimenio nali

2 m Hamoltona
okeratl

Stat'onary State

dinsity das nat deonl on tine

are ale as Stahisnany stale.
2
 Puqe

Wave tunct'on
the s fateaf ettek aeaw e
o Tt_escib
conplea valeed fnitsa
’lhysial intersatat'on of waye Functa

Crotabilty donsity

eleune d)

o Normalis at'on of. Wawe functn

The integoal ofAe Sglae of ceawefnch'a
is all to hee thea

din 3-cdibensin)
(alo
frbab/ dasy
C)is)
(oltectly ditit
Aebabil y
Anomlzing
CAAyda =

2= Ae

AA hgALtss
 then Protab ofhnkg t salso (e

Frotability Cutrent þersty.

We kno wth motia n uf

ftn ctioh
of wve fh chion . yis

The ie clepencent schgs wqe

dt

dm

2m
Autlyt s by
m
 dnit6
(Rad'oachvty)
Stability bf
uf the hucleus.
Abou hucle
The utonie aucleus is the Small dnse teya
ad houton at he
CentYeaf aten
sy kuhefrd
g Aluost all of ths aais ofan aton
huclus
Audles is a feart of atom
has alnos+ nd ll tve cdaaze
at atmI4 is bighly denseel faat afatm
’ Nuclay s tab'lity
-44aean tha t does hot stontaxesly
entt any kd of salihion
etially abunlant
9)Neliar stablity isa Conuft that

tws mn fctox thatdeterminc

nuele Stollty ar the neutonston
N/2) ahie and he
Thetotl ne, cf nuceon th the hucle
 (nechon L raton yatis
Stallo heecle).
foy soraller atons.(neclei).
at becomu L21

mote
ule
N

Netson(N)
even even most tble
mogt whstasle
Moolete
" Radi'oactive Decay Law
Racl'g atvity (sakandoa faxs cess
adiaactive elepent

hucles uill deay et -cikhtgate.

Apatules uclews Cam clcayat
’Rutherfarzd s sodely conducted eherimentalstuoy
oh liffcxcet kindi of iadisactiue nul gauc
a stahsthal Lacs(ellel lauofaoli'aa tue dey
oy adie qctive ay Cew't=o ttt
dN
Lau Acc. to fhis lcw ctt
Thi jate of sontaneQus No
disinteatisn f a dioachve elaneat
to the nea
1S
diredly,
e< ucl(atens
prefpenbional
hesent at hat tinne
N
t
A=consfantefhrfatialiy
clecay Corn tant
(-ssga shaus that hne

No

itsgoiat e t.
N=Noe

t t

À(t),
Jeye N lagaNo = -At
lateN A t .
N e
N
 Half life.
T+is the
)adisatue
hine for enelal!
substhe to dsint gat e,

ct t=T the
No
2

Mean ife (z) Te

Tn tadioacthiu'ty mian Ife it cleliedas
Yádiactive subtah ce.his
Meass Efc.
Mean te of adi Saaf hesg fullAe atoe
eterrt
 -0.613

2orlenn P0.62

Alpha de cay
Alkha decay (a-decay) isa tyke of iadieacdiue
decay io cehik the ato uc ncleus epits
an atha pactile and theneby kssunt
(ehvets iata daughter iucles
Dis fatesaten cneg)'The e
+aleased
emHed by a heavy ules
hulud
=ha
nnes otfinhal hucleus
m, = mas ot fnal neuclous.

A- 4
A
) Deoay (ohtaast ollisian frezueny
cn alha eah le withi'n
aneeus shahes the put cita
tadisachue lecay in wshich an ato nie
hucleusenitsa
iata a sobar o
beta pantile hansfcam hy
that huclde.

spectim Cse fon the bos k). )Gnhreutia

" Paulirs hracitòh.

and' nasentted
h heta decay tagethe eith
wita the ele ctrsa
hes the Laus of coneIUatin CAteigalar

Gampaa ay Caission &Engetis of Gemnsa De Cay.

n an_atenelectens yeualve aend the kuclaes
ih dileent shells called atouic
level.Each leueliA asacictclitt
delinte mant Sheheer thee
ali tion hlw heecnerrgy leels,aaya
emitt ed 4t hes heeniuyutigatad
Hat itde Hhe uchus
 Stinulan eheysttescallclhutlca
Cnsyy lucl
Te txqhgitonblus these two hulear
leucls yesults n em's sien o
thatns aul
enited in
tgeey
nucley hansithen falls
(e ene
Emits E Ee
enissoA
thysugh Yyeacioh
khofo
A
X
Z+|

encitestate
A Cnute
A*
2+)
2+1
A
ays
Staute
33 e
tenttest
State)
2o
BE Be

(onsewahos af
tu tanli ten takek blau fnm the ected
ruclean state E te laiKe1 CnCy
state E thea

teneeyenachs
clihs ?- em's sion. -ayphofe
)censrwat'n of (inegk cnel angular momertun t.
tusn of a
The lineat meneatun Fhaton
hence
must mahe thedaughtes huclaes
teceil welth Sane
Gapeitte directin f tepaent halei
is attet

fet mea of dausht huleusi M asd

M/

fhetsn in the Vianityof g acleua

The fagihen ohe encited utlous ta thc

DundtuteCan accuy

E-E >Lo2 Mel, h's pheAa mmeaa

Ps iteal air CAattei, The
The elecben-pahen paik is lazadu cad in
the electi feld ed the hucleus aned
indefendant o ato tiz no. 2, The frabability f

T(E-E)-|.6 2 Mev
 fission and fusion

Mass de fict Chass de f e t : i s The

dit feren & betwcen therest as ofthe
hwcleus and Sum of the masbes
Cenghucnt hucleos
for a huc leus

Am =znp t (A-2)m,-Mnckr
ven
Amc2

mass encgy eguivalene

gniabian of hilea cneng

Aaclea engy s theenirgy tygt is

that afeet ctenic nul

Twe ueaya breat

A'ssen Heauy nulw. ou two ox moretagnt
fuse fon heay
uceligkt) nucleis
 A'ssn
ehaa the huclecs of am atomsplts iata
lghtey nuclei hteiga
pisces is teshid
huclearfilaon.
235

Be Ka
36
t

2lo Mev
233

:Sy
Xe

Thse fis sion fiogueuts

Ycleased atca fs Selen'Thile

highly ntable
(235)
adiaacie
dl'a et ve decay