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    Unit-III Voltage Follower

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    kiran kumar

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    Unit-III Voltage Follower

    Uploaded by

    kiran kumar
    13 views12 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    13 views12 pages

    Unit-III Voltage Follower

    Uploaded by

    kiran kumar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Voltage Follower

    NOTE:
    • Voltage follower is also known as unity gain amplifier
    • Voltage follower is also known as buffer amplifier
    • Voltage follower is also known as isolation amplifier
    Voltage Follower

    What is a Voltage follower?

    • Voltage follower is a circuit in which the output voltage follows the input
    voltage. In other words, the output voltage is equal to the input voltage.

    • The voltage gain of voltage follower is ‘1’ because Vout  Vin

    • It has high input resistance and a low output resistance.


    Circuit details
    • The figure shows the circuit of a voltage follower
    using an op-amp.

    • The input signal is connected to the non inverting


    input terminal of the op-amp. Because of this,
    the output signal is in phase with the input
    signal.

    • The output terminal of op-amp is directly


    connected to the inverting terminal of the op-
    amp.

    • NOTE: The voltage follower does not require any


    Figure: Voltage follower external components.
    Derivation of expression for the output voltage
    • The expression for the output voltage can be
    obtained by two methods.

    Method - 1

    • Voltage follower circuit is a special case of the


    non-inverting amplifier. Non-inverting amplifier is
    shown in figure 2.
    Figure: Voltage follower
    • The gain of a non-inverting amplifier is

    • Comparing the 2 circuits, we get Rf  0 and R1  


    • Substitute this condition in the above equation, we
    get
    Figure 2: Non-inverting amplifier
    • The voltage gain AV of an amplifier is defined
    as the ratio of output voltage to the input
    voltage.

    Figure: Voltage follower

    • Thus the output voltage VO is equal to the


    input voltage Vin.
    • If Vin increases, VO also increases.
    • If Vin decreases, the VO also decreases.
    • The output voltage follows the input voltage.
    Hence, the circuit is called the voltage follower.
    Figure 2: Non-inverting amplifier
    Method - 2

    • The node B is at the potential VIN.

    VB  Vin
    • Op-amp is ideal. So, voltage gain is infinite.
    Because of the infinite voltage gain, the
    potential at point A is same as that at point B.

    VA  VB

    • Therefore,
    Figure: Voltage follower

    VA  Vin [1]
    • The node A is directly connected to the output.
    Hence, we can write

    [2]

    • Equating the equations [1[ and [2], we get

    • Thus the output voltage VO is equal to the


    input voltage Vin. So, the voltage gain is unity.
    Figure: Voltage follower • If Vin increases, VO also increases.
    • If Vin decreases, the VO also decreases.
    • The output voltage follows the input voltage.
    Hence, the circuit is called the voltage follower.
    • The input and output waveforms are shown in
    the figure.

    Figure: Voltage follower


    Figure: Voltage follower

     If 10V goes into the voltage follower as input, 10V comes out as
    output.
    Advantages of Voltage follower

    • The advantages of voltage follower are

    • Very large input resistance, and Low output resistance

    • The output follows the input without a phase shift (Voltage gain=1)

    These properties make this circuit as a buffer


    Applications of Voltage follower

    (i) It can be used to reduce the loading effect on the source. (Because the input
    resistance of the voltage follower is very large, it draws negligible current
    from the signal source).

    (ii) It can be used for impedance matching between the high impedance source and
    the low impedance load (This amplifier can be used as a buffer between source
    and load).

    (iii) It is used as unity gain amplifier in “active filter circuits”


    END

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