Ex. No.

1
Simple Frequency

Aim
To prepare a simple frequency table

Algorithm

Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type the Qualitative Data in variable 1 and variable 2.

Step 3: Go to Variable view and in Label mention Gender and Education for Variable
1 and Variable 2 respectively

Step 4: Click values button and assign 1 as Male and 2 as female for gender. Assign 1
for Under Graduate, 2 for Post Graduate and 3 for Professional for Education.

Step 5: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu

Step 6: Select Frequencies option from Descriptive Sub menu

Step 7: Forward the Variable 1 and Variable 2 data to Variables Window

Step 8: Click chart command button and select required chart type

Step 9: Click Ok button on Frequency Window

Step 10: Stop the process

Result
Thus frequency table has been prepared using SPSS Package.
Output

Gender

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Male 7 58.3 58.3 58.3

Female 5 41.7 41.7 100.0

Total 12 100.0 100.0

Educational Qualification

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Under Graduate 5 41.7 41.7 41.7

Post Graduate 4 33.3 33.3 75.0

Professional 3 25.0 25.0 100.0

Total 12 100.0 100.0

Ex. No.2

Descriptive Statistics
Aim
To compute Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Skewness and
Kurtosis
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type the following Quantitative Data 320, 395, 342, 444, 551, 395, 425, 417,
395, 401, 390, 400 in Column Variable 1 of Data view window

Step 3: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu

Step 4: Select Frequencies option from Descriptive Sub menu

Step 5: Forward the Variable 1 data to Variables Window

Step 6: Select Statistics Command button on Frequencies window

Step 7: Select Mean, Median and Mode from Central Tendency Option and Standard
Deviation from Dispersion option Skewness and Kurtosis from Distribution
option and click Continue command button

Step 8: Click Ok button on Frequency Window

Step 9: Stop the process

Result
The above statistical analysis has been verified by using SPSS Package.
Output

Statistics

VAR00001

N Valid 12

Missing 0

Mean 4.0625E2

Median 3.9750E2

Mode 395.00

Std. Deviation 5.65060E1

Skewness 1.317

Std. Error of Skewness .637

Kurtosis 3.906

Std. Error of Kurtosis 1.232

 Ex.No.6
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Aim

To calculate ANOVA test to find whether mean differs among more than two
groups

Algorithm
Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type Quantitative data on Variable 1

Step 3: Group the Quantitative data in to more than two groups by assigning
qualitative values (i.e.) 1,2,3

Step 4: Select Compare Means from Analyze Menu

Step 5: Select One way ANOVA option from Compare Means menu

Step 6: Forward Quantitative data to Dependent list and Qualitative data to Factor

Step 7: Click Option Command button

Step 8: Click Description option on Statistics and click continue button

Step 9: Click Ok button on One way ANOVA window

Step 10 Stop the process

Result

The above statistical analysis has been verified by using SPSS Package
 Output

Descriptives

VAR00001

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
1 94 74.4683 6.33742 .65365 73.1703 75.7663 56.67 100.00

2 354 72.8316 7.97204 .42371 71.9983 73.6649 47.78 94.44

3 110 72.8075 8.74998 .83428 71.1539 74.4610 50.00 93.33

Total 558 73.1025 7.89583 .33426 72.4460 73.7591 47.78 100.00

ANOVA
VAR00001

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 210.906 2 105.453 1.696 .184

Within Groups 34514.770 555 62.189
Total 34725.676 557
Ex.No.4
Independent ‘t’ Test

Aim
To calculate independent ‘t’ test to find whether mean differs between two groups

Algorithm

Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type Quantitative data on Variable 1

Step 3: Group the Quantitative data in to two groups by assigning qualitative values
(i.e.) 1,2

Step 4: Select Compare Means from Analyze Menu

Step 5: Select Independent Sample ‘t’ Test from Compare Means menu

Step 6: Forward Quantitative data to Test Variables Option and Qualitative data to
Group Variables option

Step 7: Click Define Groups command button and assign 1 and 2 at Group 1 and
Group 2 and click continue command button

Step 8: Click Ok button on Independent Sample ‘t’ test window

Step 9: Stop the process

Result

The above statistical analysis has been verified by using SPSS Package
 Output

Group Statistics

VAR00
002 N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

VAR00001 1 66 71.6167 9.90324 1.21900

2 492 73.3019 7.57657 .34158

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence Interval of

the Difference
Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error
F Sig. t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

VAR00001 Equal variances assumed 3.900 .049 -1.631 556 .104 -1.68520 1.03351 -3.71526 .34486

Equal variances not assumed -1.331 75.546 .187 -1.68520 1.26596 -4.20682 .83641
Ex.No.5

Paired ‘t’ Test

Aim
To calculate paired ‘t’ test to find whether student’s performance differs before
and after training programme.

Algorithm

Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type Quantitative data on Variable 1 and Variable 2

Step 3: Select Compare Means from Analyze Menu

Step 4: Select paired ‘t’ Test from Compare Means menu

Step 5: Forward Variable 1 and Variable 2 data set to Paired Variables window

Step 6: Click Ok button on Independent Sample ‘t’ test window

Step 7: Stop the process

Result
The above statistical analysis has been verified by using SPSS Package.
Output

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Pair 1 VAR00001 23.2000 5 5.97495 2.67208

VAR00002 34.8000 5 3.56371 1.59374

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 VAR00001 & VAR00002 5 .801 .104

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed)

Pair 1 VAR00001 - VAR00002 -1.16000E1 3.78153 1.69115 -16.29539 -6.90461 -6.859 4 .002
Ex.No.7

Correlation
Aim
To calculate Correlation to find nature of relation between dependent and
independent variable
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type Dependent variables on Variable 1 and Independent variables from

Variable 2

Step 3: Select Correlate option from Analyze Menu

Step 4: Select Bivariate command option from Correlate sub menu

Step 5: Forward all the variables (Dependent and Independent variables) to variables
window

Step 6: Select Pearson option and Spearman from Correlation Coefficient for running
Karl Pearson Correlation and Spearman respectively

Step 7: Click Ok button on Bivariate Correlation window

Step 8 Stop the process

Result
The above statistical analysis has been verified by using SPSS package.
Output

Correlations

VAR00001 VAR00002 VAR00003 VAR00004 VAR00005

VAR00001 Pearson Correlation 1 .307 -.531 .842** -.020

Sig. (2-tailed) .459 .176 .009 .963

N 8 8 8 8 8

VAR00002 Pearson Correlation .307 1 -.083 .481 .732

Sig. (2-tailed) .459 .844 .228 .039

N 8 8 8 8 8

VAR00003 Pearson Correlation -.531 -.083 1 -.148 .247

Sig. (2-tailed) .176 .844 .726 .556

N 8 8 8 8 8

VAR00004 Pearson Correlation .842** .481 -.148 1 .297

Sig. (2-tailed) .009 .228 .726 .475

N 8 8 8 8 8

VAR00005 Pearson Correlation -.020 .732* .247 .297 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .963 .039 .556 .475

N 8 8 8 8 8

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Ex.No.8

Regression
Aim
To ascertain the combined influence of select independent variables over
dependent variable, regression test is employed
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type Dependent variables data on variable 1 and independent variables data
on variable 2, variable 3 etc.,

Step 3: Select Regression option from Analyze Menu

Step 4: Select linear command option from regression sub menu

Step 5: Forward Dependent variable to Dependent option and Independent variables

to Independent window

Step 6: Click Ok button on Linear Regression window

Step 7: Stop the process

Result
Thus regression test has been verified by using SPSS package.
Output

Variables Entered/Removedb

Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method

1 VAR00005,
VAR00003,
. Enter
VAR00004,
VAR00002a

a. All requested variables entered.

b. Dependent Variable: VAR00001

Model Summary

Adjusted R Std. Error of the

Model R R Square Square Estimate

1 .951a .904 .776 .24474

a. Predictors: (Constant), VAR00005, VAR00003, VAR00004,

VAR00002

ANOVAb

Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1 Regression 1.695 4 .424 7.074 .070a

Residual .180 3 .060

Total 1.875 7

a. Predictors: (Constant), VAR00005, VAR00003, VAR00004, VAR00002

b. Dependent Variable: VAR00001

 Coefficientsa

Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

1 (Constant) .067 .324 .207 .849

VAR00002 .014 .305 .014 .045 .967

VAR00003 -1.236 .696 -.359 -1.776 .174

VAR00004 .883 .217 .838 4.078 .027

VAR00005 -.007 .011 -.190 -.647 .564

a. Dependent Variable: VAR00001

Ex.No.9
Factor Analysis

Aim
To find out the multi colinearity exists between variables and to find out the
Important factors (or) variables among the various set of variables introduced

Algorithm
Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type qualitative data on data view window

Step 3: Select Data reduction option from Analyze Menu

Step 4: Select factor analysis command option from data reduction sub menu

Step 5: Forward all the variables introduced to variables option

Step 6: Select Descriptive command window, and select KMO and Bartlett’s test
of Sphercity option and click continue command button

Step 7: Select Rotation command button on Factor analysis window, and

select varimax option and click continue command button

Step 8: Click Ok button on Factor Analysis window

Step 9: Stop the process

Result
Thus factor test has been verified by using SPSS Package.
Output

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .661

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 576.958

df 45

Sig. .000

Rotated Component Matrixa

Component

1 2 3

VAR00009 .790 -.071 -.161

VAR00007 .592 .146 .299

VAR00010 .525 .200 .117

VAR00006 .457 -.309 .437

VAR00002 .218 .679 .032

VAR00001 -.039 .633 .118

VAR00003 .020 .580 -.020

VAR00008 .453 .473 .068

VAR00005 -.077 .021 .835

VAR00004 .225 .177 .679

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation

Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations
Ex.No.3
Chi-square
Aim
To calculate Chi-square test to find association between two variables

Algorithm

Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type two set of Qualitative data on Variable 1 and Variable 2 on Data
View Window

Step 3: Specify names for Variable 1 and Variable 2 on variable view window

Step 4: Select Descriptive Statistics option from Analyze Menu

Step 5: Select Crosstabs from Descriptive Sub menu

Step 6: Forward Variable 1 to Row and Variable 2 to Column options

Step 7: Click Statistics Command button on Crosstab window, from which

select Chi-square option and press continue command button

Step 8: Click Cell command button on Crosstab window, in which select row on
percentage option and press continue command button

Step 9: Click Ok button on Crosstab window

Step 10: Stop the process

 Output
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent

VAR00001 * VAR00002 558 100.0% 0 .0% 558 100.0%

VAR00001 * VAR00002 Crosstabulation

VAR00002
1 2 3
Total
VAR00001 1 Count 8 68 18 94

% within VAR00001 8.5% 72.3% 19.1% 100.0%

2 Count 64 258 32 354

% within VAR00001 18.1% 72.9% 9.0% 100.0%

3 Count 10 92 8 110

% within VAR00001 9.1% 83.6% 7.3% 100.0%

Total Count 82 418 58 558

% within VAR00001 14.7% 74.9% 10.4 100.0

Chi-Square Tests
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Value df
Pearson Chi-Square 17.539a 4 .002
Likelihood Ratio 16.882 4 .002
Linear-by-Linear 2.520 1 .112
Association
N of Valid Cases 558
a. 0 cells (.0%) have
expected count less than 5. The minim
expected count is 9.77.
Ex. No.10

Aim
 Garrett Ranking
To rank the variables or factors on the basis of order of importance Garrett
Ranking test is employed

Algorithm
Step 1: Start the Process

Step 2: Type ‘n’ number of numbers according to number of variables considered for
the study

Step 3: Subtract the ‘n’ number with 0.5

Step 4: Result obtained from subtraction are to be multiplied by 100

Step 5: Divide the multiplied values with ‘n’ numbers

Step 6: By ascertaining Garrett ranking table, weightage may be assigned for ‘n’
numbers

Step 7: Calculate simple frequency for the variables

Step 8: Multiply simple frequency values with weightage, obtained from Garett
ranking table

Step 9: Add all the multiplied values and divide the same from ‘n’ numbers

Step 10 Resultant output may be ranked in descending order

Step 11: Stop the process

Result
Thus Garrett ranking test has been computed
 Output
Level of Influence – Garrett Ranking

I (79) II III IV V VI VII Total Total Mean Ra

Descri (66) (57) (50) (43) (34) (21) Score Score nk
ption
Security 17 30 33 33 18 24 45 200 9389 46.95 7
1343 1980 1881 1650 774 816 945
Reliability 23 10 29 40 42 31 25 200 9515 47.58 6
1817 660 1653 2000 1806 1054 525
Easy to use 48 27 19 31 27 29 19 200 10753 53.77 2
3792 1782 1083 1550 1161 986 399
Convenience 27 35 29 20 24 33 32 200 9922 49.61 3
2133 2310 1653 1000 1032 1122 672
Responsiveness 23 34 29 16 27 36 35 200 9634 48.17 5
1817 2244 1653 800 1161 1224 735
Speed 35 41 32 37 19 14 22 200 10900 54.50 1
2765 2706 1824 1850 817 476 462
Cost Effective 27 22 28 24 44 33 22 200 9857 49.29 4
2133 1452 1596 1200 1892 1122 462