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Unit-III Difference Amplifier

AC-MITS-Dr. R. Kiran Kumar

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kiran kumar
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12 views

Unit-III Difference Amplifier

AC-MITS-Dr. R. Kiran Kumar

Uploaded by

kiran kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Difference Amplifier

NOTE:
• Difference amplifier is also known as differential amplifier
• Difference amplifier is also known as subtracting amplifier
• Difference amplifier with unity gain is known as subtractor
Difference Amplifier
Difference Amplifier

• A difference amplifier amplifies the difference between the two input


voltages.
• The output voltage of a differential amplifier is proportional to the
difference between the two input voltages.

Subtractor

• The output voltage of a subtractor is equal to the difference between the


two input voltages.
Circuit details
• The figure shows a difference amplifier
Input voltage
circuit.

• In the case of a differential amplifier, the


input signals are applied to both the
inverting input terminal and the non-
inverting input terminal.

• There are two input voltages. These are V1


and V2.

• The input voltage V1 is applied to the


Input voltage inverting input terminal through R1.

• The input voltage V2 is applied to the non-


Figure: Difference amplifier inverting input terminal through R2.
• We assume that the op-amp is ideal.

• In an ideal op-amp, the open-loop


voltage gain is infinite. This means
that voltage at inverting input is
same as the voltage at non
inverting input.

• In an ideal op-amp, the input


resistance is infinite. This means
that there is no current entering in
the inverting terminal and non-
inverting terminal of the op-amp
Figure: Difference amplifier
Derivation of expression for output voltage

• The relation between the input voltages


and output voltage can be obtained by
using the superposition principle.

• Let VO1 is the output voltage produced by


the input voltage V1, assuming V2  0

• Let VO2 is the output voltage produced by


the input voltage V2, assuming V1  0.

• According to the superposition theorem,


Calculation of VO1

• Set V2  0.

• With V2  0, differential amplifier circuit


reduces to the one shown in the figure-1.
This circuit acts as an inverting amplifier.
So, the output voltage is given by

V2= 0
Figure - 1
Calculation of VO2

• This is a non-inverting amplifier. This


amplifier will amplify the voltage at the
node B. The voltage at node B is VB

• Therefore, the output voltage can be


written as

Figure-2
• Applying the voltage divider rule to the
input V2, VB can be written as

• Substituting equation (2) in equation (1), we


get

Figure-2
• According to the superposition principle, the total output voltage is given by
• When R2 = R1 and R4 = R3 the above expression for the output voltage can be
simplified to the following expression:
• The output voltage is the difference between the two input voltages, multiplied
by 𝑹𝟑/R1

• Thus the output voltage is proportional to the difference between the two input
voltages. Thus it acts as a difference amplifier.

• If R3 = R1, then equation [3] becomes

• The output voltage equals the difference between the input voltages.
Thus, the circuit acts as a subtractor.
• If all the resistors are of the same
value, that is: R1  R2  R3 R4, then the
circuit will become a unity gain
differential amplifier (subtractor).

• Then the output voltage expression


is

• If input voltage V1 is higher than input


Figure: Differential voltage V2 , then the output voltage will
amplifier with unity gain be negative, and if V2 is higher than V1,
(subtractor) the output voltage will be positive.
END

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