‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ‬

‫)‪(۳‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺰﺍﺩ)‪ ،(۱‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ)‪ ،(۲‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﻄﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫‪ -۳،۱‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪-‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ – ﻛﺮﺝ‬

‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ‪ Condition Monitoring‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﺎﻕ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ – ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ – ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ – ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﮑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻱ )ﺳﻴﮑﻞ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﻲ( ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺑﮑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺒﺐ ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ‪ CM‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ‪ CM‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Condition Monitoring‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‪-‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺮﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‪ 2 ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬
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‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﻤﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺮﮐﺮﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ )ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ (١‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ .۱‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ‪) ٣‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ (‬
‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪ .۳‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‪) ٥‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪(٦‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ )‪(Condition Based Maintenance‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺠﻲ )‪ (Condition Monitoring‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﺣﺪ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Machine Availability‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Reactive Maintenance‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Periodic Maintenance‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Preventive Maintenance‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Condition Based Maintenance‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Predictive Maintenance‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻳﺪﮐﻲ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ CM‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ‪...‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ )‪ ،(CM‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ،CM‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺎ ‪ %۲۵‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ ۱۸‬ﺩﻻﺭﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ ۱۳‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫)‪ ،(CM‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ۹‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ]‪.[١‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﹰﺎ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻧﺸﺪﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺳﺎﻳﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻘﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻧﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﻲﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ CM‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻢﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﯽ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺷﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻭﻳﺘﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪﺩﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .۱‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )‪(on-line‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻴﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪off-line‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ٧‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ on-line‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻨ ﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ on-line‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ off-line‬ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﮏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺣﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﮏ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ‪ CM‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ off-line‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ on-line‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﮐﺘﻔﺎ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫‪Data Collector‬‬
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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۱‬ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ‪ Online CM‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۲۵‬ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ۸‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻴﺘﺎﭼﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ۱۰ ،GE‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻴﺘﺎﭼﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ ۶ ،GE‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ AEG‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪۶ ،GE‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻓﻴﺎﺕ‪ ۸ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﺎﺕ‪ ۳ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﺴﻮﺑﻴﺸﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Frame 5‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ )ﺳﻤﺖ ‪(Exciter‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (۲‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Vibration‬‬
‫‪Sensor‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۲‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

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 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻃﺎﻕ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻳﻴﭻ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(۳‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺘﺎﺷﻴﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪Overall‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺁﻻﺭﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ CM‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻃﻴﻒﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (٤‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٤٠٠٠‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٨٥‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ‪ ٥١٠٠ rpm‬ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪ ۳۰۰۰ rpm‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭘﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٨٥‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺷﻔﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺪﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ‪ ٤٧‬ﺑﻪ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﻴﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ‪ ٤٠٠٠‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀﺮﺏ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ‪ ٤٠٠٠‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺆﻳﺪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﺁﻻﺕ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۳‬ﺳﻮﻳﭻ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﻜﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۴‬ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﻜﺲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪1-5 KHz‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ ٨٣/٨/٧‬ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ )ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ (GE‬ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﺷﻔﺖ‬
‫‪ Auxiliary‬ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،guide ،‬ﺷﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺟﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(۵‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺖ ‪ Auxiliary‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪ Online CM‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺛﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۵‬ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‪-‬ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫‪ -۷‬ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ‪ CM‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺶ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ‪ 159 MW‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﺶ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺶ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

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‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﮑﻞ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫‪ V94.2‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ‪ ۱۶‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۴‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ‪3000 RPM‬‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻮﭘﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬
‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Thrust‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ ۱۶‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﺎﻕ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ‪ Alarm‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪Trip‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺬ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺰﻭﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﮏ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ CA201‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٦‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ )‪ (proximity probe‬ﻣﺪﻝ ‪TQ 402‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﮎ ﭘﺮﻭﺏ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺪﻭﻻﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٧‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪ ± 45 ο‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Accelerometer‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۶‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

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 ‫‪Proximity‬‬
‫‪Probe‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۷‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ )‪(Data Acquisition‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺧﺬ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ VM600‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪Vibro-meter‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (٨‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ VM600 .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ VM600‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ٨‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ VM600‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ‬

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 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪Overall‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﭘﺎﮎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ‪ Trend‬ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫‪ Condition Monitoring‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺩﻭ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ )‪ (mm/s‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺷﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (µm peak‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (Smax‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻳﭗ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺨﺖﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﭙﮑﺘﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ ..‬ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﭙﮑﺘﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (٩‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺑﻞ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۵۰‬ﻭ ‪ ۱۰۰‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ‪ ۵۰‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﻔﺖ )‪ (1×RPM‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ )‪ (14 µm‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ‪ ۱۰۰‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﻔﺖ‬
‫)‪ (2×RPM‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ )‪ (5 µm‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۹‬ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ – ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ‪ ۴‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۱۶‬ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ Overall‬ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ‪ CM‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ‪ CM‬ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﮑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ‪ CM‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ CM‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ CM‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ CM‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۸‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Online Condition Monitoring‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﮐﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﻧﺪﻳﺸﻨﺮ)ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ(‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎﻝ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫•‬
‫• ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ )‪ (١٠‬ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۱۰‬ﺑﻠﻮﮎ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫‪ -۹‬ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺁﻧﻼﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ISO‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (١‬ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ١‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ‪-‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ]‪[٢‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫‪Radial Bearing‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Thrust Bearing‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺁﻻﺭﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Shaft Speed /‬‬ ‫ﻳﮏ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺳﻨﮑﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‪Phase Reference‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﮐﻮﭘﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Casing Vibration‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫‪Eccentricity‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١٠‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫• ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪Overall‬ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ )ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ(‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﮐﻞ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮑﺮﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ) ‪( 1 × RPM ,2 × RPM‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﯽ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺎ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻔـﻪ ﮐﻤـﮏ ﺷـﺎﻳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﺬﺭ ﭘﺮﻩ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﮔﺬﺭ ﭘﺮﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻝ‪ -‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺷﻔﺖ )‪(Shaft Orbit‬‬
‫ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﯼ ﮊﻭﺭﻧﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﮐـﺖ ﺷـﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
 ‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻟﺮ‪-‬ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﻟﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬
‫ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮔﺬﺭ ﻭ ‪) Smax‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪(ISO‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫـﺎ ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧـﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ‪) FFT‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ( ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻃﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﻮﻟﻮﭖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣـﯽ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎﯼ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺮﺑﮑﺲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻧﻬﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﻟﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻠﺒﻴﺮﻳﻨﮕﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺵ)ﻃﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﻮﻟﻮﭖ( ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻃﻴﻒ ‪(Constant Percentage Bandwidth) CPB‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ CPB‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱۱‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻴﺐﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺬﻭﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫‪[1] Davies, Alan, "Handbook of Condition Monitoring", First Edition, London: Chapman And Hall‬‬
‫‪Press, 1998‬‬
‫‪١٣‬‬
[2] 2. Mel Maalouf, Gas Turbine Vibration Monitoring, An Overview, Vol. 25, No.1, 2005, Orbit
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