Waveguides-Introduction

Wednesday, June 21, 2023 8:17 AM

Transmission Lines

Metal pipe Waveguides

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Waveguides-Introduction
Wednesday, June 21, 2023 8:17 AM

Dielectric Waveguides

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Waveguide Analysis
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 6:21 PM

The generalised electric and magnetic field equations in a waveguide can be expressed as
follows:

Where E0,x/y/z is amplitude function along x/y/z direction of the electric field vector

Where H0,x/y/z is amplitude function along x/y/z direction of the magnetic field vector

The parameter β is called phase constant of the EM wave

If E0,z and H0,z are determined then other can be determined as follows:

Where,

The parameter kc is called

cutoff wave number.

Note: Memorize these 4 equations. If you memorize these 4

equations, everything will be sorted out easily even for numerical.

Basic Waveguide Analysis Recipe

Step 1: Determine Step 2: Determine Step 3: After determining

amplitude function amplitude function amplitude function components,
components along z components along other finally determine the field
direction of electric directions using above 4 equations using generalized
AND/OR magnetic equations. equation of waveguide
field i.e. E0,z AND/OR E0,x
H0,z E0,z E0,y
H0,z H0,x
H0,y

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Waveguide Analysis-TEM Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 7:41 PM

Since, both E0,z and H0,z=0 in TEM Mode, all the 4 equations shown below reduce to zero.

Thus, i.e. EM wave propagetes inside the waveguide with the same speed
as plane EM wave in the same medium with which the waveguide is filled.
Moreover, since cutoff wave number kc=0, waveguide in TEM mode operates down to DC.

Waveguide in TEM mode can be analysed using

the technique of electrostatics.

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Waveguide Analysis-TE Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 7:41 PM

TE Mode Analysis:

H0,z can be determined by solving following Laplacian Equation.

After determination of H0,z , other amplitude function components can be determined by

substituting into original four equations as shown below:

Since, E0,z=0
where

Since, E0,z=0 where

Finally, the field equations are obtained from amplitude function components as shown below:

For k<kc ; β becomes imaginary thus which leads

to imaginary phase constant i.e. EM waves
inside the waveguide decays quite rapidly and
are called evanescent waves. Thus k>kc for wave
to propagate inside the waveguide and thus
waveguide in TE mode acts like high pass filter.

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Waveguide Analysis-TM Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 7:41 PM

TM Mode Analysis:

E0,z can be determined by solving following Laplacian Equation.

After determination of E0,z , other amplitude function components can be determined by substituting
into original four equations as shown below:

Since, H0,z=0
where

Since, H0,z=0 where

Finally, the field equations are obtained from amplitude functions as shown below:

For k<kc ; β becomes imaginary thus which leads

to imaginary phase constant i.e. EM waves
inside the waveguide decays quite rapidly and
are called evanescent waves. Thus k>kc for wave
to propagate inside the waveguide and thus
waveguide in TM mode acts like high pass filter.

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Parallel Plate Waveguide-Introduction
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:27 PM

Parallel Plate Waveguide has two conductors and can act as transmission
line as well. Dielectric is filled between two conducting plates.

Two Parallel Conducting Plates

Dielectric substance is filled

between two parallel conducting
plates

Since, parallel plate waveguide can act as transmission line as well , thus all
three modes (TE/TEM/TM) are possible in parallel plate waveguide.

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Parallel Plate Waveguide-TEM Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:27 PM

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Parallel Plate Waveguide-TE Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:27 PM

The governing equation for TE mode is written as:

The final solution for H0,z can be written as:

Where H0,z is amplitude function along z direction of the magnetic field vector

Then, from H0,z other amplitude function components can be determined as follows:

Then, Thus,
where

Then, final field equations can be determined from amplitude functions as shown below:

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Parallel Plate Waveguide-TE Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:27 PM

For k<kc ; β becomes imaginary thus which leads to imaginary phase

constant i.e. EM waves inside the waveguide decays quite rapidly and are
called evanescent waves. Thus k>kc for wave to propagate inside the
waveguide and thus acts like a high pass filter.

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Parallel Plate Waveguide-TM Mode
Wednesday, June 21, 2023 9:22 AM

The governing equation for TM mode is written as:

The final solution for E0,z can be written as:

Where E0,z is amplitude function along z direction of the electric field vector

Then, from E0,z other amplitude function components can be determined as follows:

Then, Thus,
where

Then, final field equations can be determined from amplitude functions as shown below:

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Parallel Plate Waveguide-TM Mode
Wednesday, June 21, 2023 9:22 AM

For k<kc ; β becomes imaginary thus which leads to imaginary phase

constant i.e. EM waves inside the waveguide decays quite rapidly and are
called evanescent waves. Thus k>kc for wave to propagate inside the
waveguide and thus acts like a high pass filter.

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Rectangular Metal Pipe Waveguide-Introduction
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:38 PM

Outer Layer of Conductor

Inner core composed of dielectric

material

Notes about Rectangular Metal Waveguide:

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Rectangular Metal Pipe Waveguide-TE Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:38 PM

The governing equation for TE mode is written as:

The final solution for H0,z can be written as:

Where H0,z is amplitude function along z direction of the

magnetic field vector

Then, from H0,z other amplitude function components can be determined as follows:

Thus,
Where,

Then, final field equations can be determined from amplitude function as shown below:

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Rectangular Metal Pipe Waveguide-TE Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:38 PM

For k<kc ; β becomes imaginary thus which leads to imaginary phase

constant i.e. EM waves inside the waveguide decays quite rapidly and
are called evanescent waves. Thus k>kc for wave to propagate inside
the waveguide and thus acts like a high pass filter.

Characteristic Impedance

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Rectangular Metal Pipe Waveguide-TM Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:38 PM

The governing equation for TM mode is written as:

The final solution for E0,z can be written as:

Where E0,z is amplitude function along z direction of the

electric field vector

Then, from E0,z other field components can be determined as follows:

Where,

Then, from E0,z other amplitude function components can be determined as follows:

Note: For m=0 OR n=0, all field equations reduce to zero so no mode is possible. Thus, m and n BOTH should be non-zero for
mode to exist in TM Mode.

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Rectangular Metal Pipe Waveguide-TM Mode
Tuesday, June 20, 2023 9:38 PM

Characteristic Impedance

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