VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

BELAGAVI

A MIINI - PROJECT REPORT ON

“3-D MODELLING AND PRINTING

V -BLOCK ASSEMBLY”

A Mini - Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for 6th

semester B.E course during the year 2023-2024

Submitted by:

STUDENT NAME USN NUMBER

ANANYA 3GN21ME003
GOLLA ANURAG 3GN21ME005
MARSHALPREET SINGH 3GN21ME006
SHUBHAM 3GN22ME417

Under the guidance of:

Dr. N D RAO

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BIDAR-585403(KARNATAKA)
 GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BIDAR-585403, KARNATAKA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to Certify that the mini project work entitled “3-D MODELLING AND PRINTING
OF V-BLOCK ASSEMBLY” is a bonafide work carried out by Ananya (3GN21ME003),
Golla Anurag (3GN21ME005), Marshalpreet Singh (3GN21ME006),
Shubham(3GN22ME417) in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING from the Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi
during the year 2023-24. It is certified that all corrections/ suggestions indicated for Internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the department library. The
mini project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of
mini project work prescribed for the bachelor of engineering degree.

………………… ……………………….. ………………………..

Signature of Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

EXTERNAL VIVA

Name of Examiner Signature with Date

(1) …………………….. ……………………..

(2) …………………….. ……………………..

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our principal Dr. Suresh R Reddy,
Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Bidar, for his motivation and for creating an
inspiring atmosphere in the college by providing state of art facilities for preparation of mini
project.

Our sincere thanks to Dr. Anoopkumar Elia, Head of Mechanical Engineering for his
whole hearted support in completion of the mini project.

We are highly indebted to our mini project coordinator Dr. Nagraj R.G and our project
guide Dr. N D Rao for guiding and giving timely advices and suggestions in the successful
completion of the mini project.

Finally, we are thankful to all those knowingly and unknowingly helped us for the successful
completion of the mini project.

STUDENT NAME USN NUMBER

ANANYA 3GN21ME003
GOLLA ANURAG 3GN21ME005
MARSHALPREET SINGH 3GN21ME006
SHUBHAM 3GN22ME417
 ABSTRACT
In the realm of additive manufacturing, the V block emerges as a critical component contributing
to the precision and reliability of 3D printing processes. This abstract delves into the specific design
specifications and functional benefits of V blocks within 3D printers, emphasizing their role in
enhancing print quality and operational efficiency.

A key feature of V blocks lies in their geometric configuration, typically comprising two angled
surfaces that create a stable and accurate guiding mechanism. These surfaces are precision-machined
to ensure smooth motion and minimal friction, thereby facilitating precise movement of the print
head or build platform during printing operations. This design characteristic is crucial in maintaining
dimensional accuracy and alignment throughout the printing process.

Furthermore, V blocks are engineered to support various load capacities, depending on the specific
application within the 3D printer. By distributing forces evenly and providing robust support, V blocks
contribute to the overall stability of the printing system. This stability is essential for reducing
vibrations and oscillations that can adversely affect print quality, particularly in high-precision
applications such as aerospace components or medical devices.

In conclusion, the integration of V blocks represents a significant advancement in the field of 3D

printing technology, offering enhanced precision, stability, and durability to the printing process.
As additive manufacturing continues to expand into diverse industrial sectors, the role of V blocks in
optimizing print quality and operational efficiency is poised to become increasingly indispensable.
This abstract underscores the importance of understanding and leveraging V block technology to
achieve superior performance and reliability in modern 3D printing applications.
 CONTENTS

SL NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING 3

2 HISTORY OF 3D PRINTING 4

3 INTRODUCTION TO AUTO CAD 5-6

4 INTRODUCTION TO V BLOCK 7

5 VARIOUS COMMANDS USED IN V BLOCK 8-13

6 CREATING YOKE AND SCREW 14-19

7 CONVERSION OF DWG FILE TO STL FILE 20-21

8 CONVERSION OF STL FILE TO G-CODES 22

9 CONCLUSION 23

10 REFERNCES 24
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INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING

Fig. 3D MODELLING AND PRINTING

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, revolutionizes

production by building objects layer by layer from digital designs. This technology
enables complex geometries and customized products with efficiency and precision,
transforming industries from aerospace to healthcare. With diverse materials and
processes like FDM and SLS, 3D printing accelerates prototyping, reduces costs,
and fosters innovation in manufacturing.

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HISTORY OF 3D PRINTING
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, traces its origins to the 1980s

when Chuck Hull invented stereolithography (SLA), a process that used UV light to solidify

thin layers of photopolymer resin, forming 3D objects from digital designs. Throughout the

1990s, Scott Crump developed Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), which became a

cornerstone of affordable desktop 3D printing by extruding thermoplastic materials layer by

layer.

The early 2000s marked significant advancements with the introduction of Selective Laser

Sintering (SLS), where a laser selectively fuses powdered materials such as metals and

ceramics to create complex shapes. This period also saw the expansion of 3D printing into

various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and healthcare, driven by its ability to

reduce prototyping times and enable customization.

By the 2010s, 3D printing had evolved with improved materials, faster printing speeds,

and greater accessibility. It diversified further with applications in bioprinting, architecture,

and even food production. Today, additive manufacturing continues to push boundaries with

developments in sustainable materials, large-scale construction printing, and biocompatible

implants, paving the way for innovative solutions across diverse fields.

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AUTOCAD

INTRODUCTION:
AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer-
aided design (CAD) and drafting — avail- able since 1982 as a desktop application
and since 2010 as a mobile web- and cloud-based app marketed as AutoCAD 360.

Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc., AutoCAD was first released in

December 1982, running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Prior to
the introduction of AutoCAD, most commercial CAD programs ran on main- frame
computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate
graphics terminal. AutoCAD is used across a wide range of industries, by architects,
project managers, engineers, graphic designers, and other rofess- sionals. It is
supported by 750 training centers worldwide as of 1994.

As Autodesk’s flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the

most ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. As of 2014, AutoCAD is in its twenty-
ninth generation, and collectively with all its variants, continues to be the most widely
used CAD program throughout most of the world.

The latest version was released on 23th march 2021 as Auto- CAD 2022.

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AUTOCAD WINDOW

Fig. The AutoCAD Window – A Quick Overview

Once the AutoCAD 2021window is active , It should appear as shown below. However
if you look at the upper left hand corner there is a button with the letter (A) written in red . This is
called the application menu of the autoCAD software At the right of this button there is the phrase
“3D modeling ”. This means that the active workspace is modeling.

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INTRODUCTION TO V-BLOCK
V-Blocks are precision metalworking jigs typically used to hold round metal rods or pipes for
performing drilling or milling operations. They consist of a rectangular steel or cast iron block with a
120 degree channel rotated 45-degrees from the sides, forming a V-shaped channel in the top. A small
groove is cut in the bottom of the “V”. They often come with screw clamps to hold the work. There are
also versions with internal magnets for magnetic work-holding. V-blocks are usually sold in pairs.

Fig. V block with yoke and screw

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VARIOUS COMMANDS USED FOR V BLOCK ASSEMBLY:

RECTANGLE:

LINE:

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LINE:

MIRROR:

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LINE:

MIRROR:

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RECTANGLE:

MIRROR:

TRIM:
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OFFSET:

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CREATING YOKE AND SCREW

Fig. yoke and screw

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RECTANGLE:

OFFSET:

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ANGLE:

LINE:

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TRIM:

COPY:

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COPY:

ERASE:

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COPY AND ERASE:

3D VIEW OF SCREW:

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CONVERSION OF DWG FILE TO STL FILE

Step 1: Find a DWG to STL Converter

The first step in the process is to find a reliable DWG to STL converter. There are many online tools

and software available that can help you with this conversion. Some popular options include AutoCAD,

FreeCAD, and online converters like AnyConv and OnlineCADConverter.

Step 2: Prepare Your DWG File

Before converting your DWG file to STL, it’s essential to ensure that your CAD model is properly

prepared. This includes checking for any errors, ensuring the model is watertight, and scaling it to the

desired size for 3D printing.

Step 3: Convert the DWG File to STL

Once you have selected a converter and prepared your DWG file, it’s time to convert it to STL format.

If you are using software like AutoCAD or FreeCAD, the conversion process is usually straightforward

and can be done within the program itself. If you are using an online converter, simply upload your

DWG file and follow the on-screen instructions to convert it to STL.

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Step 4: Verify the STL File

After the conversion is complete, it’s crucial to verify the integrity of the STL file. Check for any errors

or issues that may have occurred during the conversion process. This can be done using 3D printing

software like ULTIMAKER CURA or online STL viewers.

Fig. software used to convert dwg file to stl file

Step 5: Edit and Prepare for 3D Printing

Once you have a verified STL file, you may need to make additional adjustments to the model,

such as adding supports or modifying the orientation for optimal 3D printing. It's essential to ensure

that your model is ready for the 3D printing process before proceeding.

CONVERSION OF STL FILES TO G – CODES

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Finally, it's time to bring your CAD design to life with 3D printing! Load the STL file into your 3D

printer software, adjust the printing settings as necessary, and start the printing process.

Fig. Conversion of Stl file to G codes

STEPS TO CONVERT STL FILE TO G CODE USING CURA SOFTWARE:

1. To import a file STL, run the program and select the Folder tab.
2. Next, pick a model of the printer from the menu, and head to the tab labeled Settings to modify the
printer's settings.
3. Then, after selecting the Save to File option, click the e Slice button to begin 3D model processing.
4. To change STL to G-code, select G-code as the output format and hit the "OK" button.

Fig. 3d view in the software

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CONCLUSION

This report covered the preview of our learning path and study materials. The use of AutoCAD
has many advantages. It can help to reduce the time it takes to produce the drawing needed in the work
environment. AutoCAD software is the most amazing range of mechanical computer aided design tool.
It is now considered to be the best according to industry standards that can be obtained for a wide array
of designing, Mechanical Engineering Services and other industrial purposes.

The use of AutoCAD may also be relied on heavily in order to create efficiencies within the
industries. We explored different ma- terials ranging from text, tutorials and Youtube videos so as get
to grips with the finer details of mastering AutoCAD. We were guid- ed by the fact that there is more to
learning AutoCAD than draw- ing simple figures and lines. It has very vast application in the field of
manufacturing, architecture, electrical, and many more.

The company Autodesk provides wide range of application and software which reduces the
effort to create complex drawing and easy to maintain. With the help of AutoCAD, we can create design
very quickly. It improves the quality of the drawing which we can’t get by hand drafting. With the help
of this software, drawing can be easily modified whenever wanted which reduces the human effort. We
can easily transfer files from one place to another in no time which reduces the time.

This software is utilized to provide some useful and practical de- signing software that will
allow users to visualize as well as create prototypes of a product in reality and quick time. AutoCAD
software allows developers to give form to their out of the box ideas.

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REFERENCES

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and implementation of an industrial statistical measurement system. Analytica Chimica Acta. 554, 135–142.

[2] Whitehouse, D.J. (2011). Handbook of Surface and Nanometrology. 2nd ed. University of Warwick Coventry.

[3] Bąkowski, A., Radziszewski, L. (2015). Determining selected diesel engine combustion descriptors based on

the analysis of the coefficient of variation of in-chamber pressure. Bulletin of The Polish Academy of Sciences

Technical Sciences.

[4] Humienny, Z. (2009). State of art in standardization in GPS area. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and

Technology, 2, 1–7.

[5] Poniatowska, M., Werner, A., (2010). Fitting spatial models of geometric deviations of free-form surfaces

determined in coordinate measurements. Metrol. Meas. Syst., 12(4), 599–610.

[6] Humienny, Z., Berta, M. (2013). New multimedia geometrical tolerancing course. Procedia Engineering

Procedia CIRP, 10, 312–316 .

[7] Kaczmarska, B., Starzyk, J., Grzeszczak, W., Kowalski, W. (1993). The influence of hemodialysis on the

function of the left ventricle in patients with chronic renal failure ‒ assessment with isotopic

ventriculography. Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 90(3), 185‒191.

[8] Boryczko, A. (2013). Effect of waviness and roughness components on transverse profiles of turned surfaces.

Measurments, 46(1), 688‒696.

[9] Cedro, L. (2014). Linearization and Identification a Mathematical Model of an Excavator. 15th International

Carpathian Control Conference − ICCC, Czech Republic, IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1442L-CDR, 73‒79.

[10] Fargo, F.T., Curtis, M.A. (1997). Handbook of dimensional measurement. 3th ed. Industrial Press Inc.,

New Jork, 379.

• https://www.autodesk.com/company
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internshala
• https://www.google.com/

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