UNIT -L = Regutas. Set: Any Bet ~vepresentied by oO “requis exprenion & Called a Requtor Set Ex: Language L- {€,0,00, O00 « 4 - Set of even 0.0} 0% ‘Regula. Expression 5 Regutax Expremions are uxehul fd representing Certain Jeti of Aiatogs in an algebrarc fashion - Achnably these dexvite the Language accepted by foile Atae aulomala. - | “es, Bene. “The Languages accepted by Rego Marqet a Exaroples : Write Requbort Eapresions tg the following Donquages : Ih.tthe Act of ah Atrios of ols and Mw endiog wtth 00. | (0+1)* 00 2: The Aet ob BL Atrtoy of O's avd Vs Lagioning with | © and ending uth | toile automate. are called 0 Cony |— [The OperatovA Ob Requlart Eaprusiors | a (The union, of tivo Languages L and ’ Lum th dhe ee oh Bots, OE aE to either L, aM ox Lorn Example: Sh Ls Soo! 10; 111 | and Mage,ool} then LUM = $6,101,001, 1114 2 The Concakénation oy onguage Lond M a the bee Op Abrings: that Sakay cal be fpmed by taking ang atring te Li ond Conealenating it with ang Ing in M- M , denoted Exarnple: Th L= fool. toy ond M=fe,ooly, then Lim = foot, 1011, ootaol, \ooo, Wool }- |3- The Caure (ov atont , or Kfeones clesure ) Oh language et i denoted L* ond represent the ek oh thee Atria thot can be jpmed by toking any number of stags. fom Ls persuboly uotth vepetittons ard CBtatenaking all of them: carole. L = Lori}, then» L™ iCorstel oh thase strings ok Ob ord 4 Auch hak the 8 ome | io pola. Hees boli uWene = © AC | he Paoresterce Yoh Requllax = letra sstan SG peas aes eo Store , Corcalénation and Union= reins G+R=R 2 GR-RG = 3 ER=RE =R & e*=€ ond O* =e 5. R+R=R ce PR = Re 7 ORR" = RFR 8. (gry = 87 g. +R R = E+ RR ERE lo. (Poy P = Par) We (Peay =(P* at) 2(P*+ at) | 1a (Peayr = PR+OR and R(P+Q) = RP+ RO- — |Aiapuraie Lavan jb Region Capron J+ Aoviativity, ond Commutativily |% Commutakiuihy ia the preety of an opoatt that tou, ux Iean Auitdh te order of th gperonds ord sid the Horne Wekult } — Li+m=ms+t —- Tha Lav), the Commutative Jaw fh Union, jfouys that we May toke the Union of Gino Aanguage, to jeither dex —> IM = ML * Aiouativity in the properly of 0 operator Hak allows uy ¥ dhe coprnnds Shen the. Operon af U applied tivice .SULAM)tN = La (HN) Thu leis, be auroetatue How fh union pays thas ue Moy take the Union % 8 Aanquoges either Any taking tha Unto of Ha feat e totally, oY Kaking a unio Ob he Laat thro unit : — (LM) N = L(MN): tha low, the amouakve aw 4eh Concatenation , Aay cthak we con Concalénole 3 Languages jiey Contalenating either tha frat Tee ov oth Ak ibe ee ee 2: Tdentition ond Annihilators + * AN identity jon operator & O Value Auch that jushen the operctor applied f the identify and Aome Other Value, the result % the other value —> Pet = Legh =L ths tow amerti thor Bis the deri | ie uNion- |g cL eLe=L “Thi Row Gye thok € B thr tderkily | tp. Concalenation « 1% An omibilakd jh an ope shen the Operator applied to other vob , the realty the annihilate. — PL=LA =p Thy Yaw der ‘hox ip Concokenako% orth is & Value) Auch that the annihilakd and Aome @ & te om 3. Dseroutive Lows * A distributive Bow —tnudlues two 9 lipo one opesalts Can be pulled| coal ty each axgumrent of the other operator individually. 8 — + L(MEN) = LM4LN Tha Low, i the left deatributtve Jow of Concaténation over Union. fk — (MN) L = ML+NL ° Tha tow , U the right distribu ve Lo of Concatenation over Union 4 The Tdempotent Law : An opevotoy “U Aaid to be” idempotent th the yeault ob applying tt tb Goo of the Aame Values as arguments uw Jthat Value — > Lt =L. thu Laws the tdempoltence Low fo unioo, Atater thot if we take the union of tivo Gentical [Expremions , we can replace them Ley one Copy of the RKPYEMAC OO 5. Lows inuoluing Closures > ity. mot oad —> ch 2€ Sib = EURAIL: a ee at sea 6G (L+m)* 2 i m*)*—| Avden's ‘Thedero : eee Her sbiood 6. tea areplen [ext mona $ Jf P clos mot Contain €) then the poleeing equation ty aR R= ArRP ba @ UNiqua solution qe 1 R= ap* a Equivalence Apekwreen Regalos Eaprension and fioite huldmoka. ~|Grstruct Frotle Automata fhe give Regulon Exproslen : MTheslers : een | det + Leo Yequiest exprension then ‘there ext fan NEA with €-tramitions thor accept L(x) there an egulualent | eae euouy Requlan Eapronion Ita Bass : (Zero opevat's ) \(@ v-€ Sat_@) oa Seoat & € é | | (b) +29 Staat & © () ¥=8 Staxt ) a @®Coe Com 1: Union Ye 4+ “4 2 ©) : Case 2: Concalératton: x24 TL lipo oa +6 .© Riencmelaue ta,” Com 3: e es ee ie TES. &* 6) € Example : . Comiruct a FA fh te {pttowing RE: 04) Solution: ie ve Ot +) 3% +, -« ost tet ' Tuae a 0 (ae ee) a ae Finite Aulbmata fs > =1. Sixt fq \ ty <0 Saxt_@) 2 4G) Yo =! Stoxt () i @) Finite automata 4b YY alc (* Ceone 3) Stoaxt @- 9 € Fintle automata $7 el" = Mariel cme a). Ses @)° 34) £ 94) § 653) Stroilondy0 Laqioning at Atole | ond ) \* ee " « (0) ie Rye RO RRP) RO) dae) & (ree) Gaek are) = \* RO 2 RO 4 Rio? (Ri) Re = 0+ (ie) Cero [cerry = RX, sare. (exp -1*, O+ "0. it | ) l aif ‘ A = Aa Rg? . - Cred g (+ gr-eo-6] ap De poe Ra Rofal = hx Roosverveihy ‘: =o+¢(uckcud [v ee=Ro 8] =¢ Ra _ ge Re cet RO0) (o) gle Ries RCRA 2 p+ 6 (ue cred * p (0) ie RO) gO CR I) Ry & a * [ pvotedeR] 1 g Cre el+gel X (0) sy :: Re + ae? (Re) Ria = (ox €) + ¢ aro ¢ = Ox€ 5 oo), Ly Now, Ler us Compute the exprentom Ry ge) 2 Re a @2) rao p> E RY 4 aot) (&)° Ro = 1 4 to (ep ol" Re = RD Re) (Rh ep = \%o + Mo cefe -1*0 RD 2 pid RO EaOhy® ald = B+ ito (ef | 2 I*0} Re = Ri RD (ROY RU) 9 +e ara p> Ss RD + Ro (2 Qo? = e+ eer cues Roe ee Re (amd re 2) 4 SCOT eeeaw ye ptr) RO a RD oe RE? (RST Ry ace = O41 (O*p =¢ ea = ADs A WAL = [41@%e =I RD sD a AD (ADT RD = ore + | (Ce*O) = oer poo vequlom expreaion equivalent f th automaton Constructed by taking the union ob all the exprenions uhere tin atte ws the stort Stake and the Aecond stole accepting iAtolle « | I> Fn this example, uit 1 as tha stone stole ond 3 ay the ory accepting Stoke , we teed tHe — eapremion ve). | the inductive rule, appted with t=, J=3 ond Ket gus aes (3) wp (Qe (2) RO = RID a Rig CRs y Re = (Fol & [Fon (ot crus Covert’) | = \*ot (ony "The Regulox Eapremion is Por Cony: Conurting DENS Jo fequlon Gyrevtorn ey ptimioating Sate : Wher we ebiminale a Atole §, all the pathy thar went Mwough S no Longer etiat in the = automalen - Lod te Language of the automaton u not tp hea ty eu musk tnelude , on on Gye that goo direet Koo ¢ bb p\ =e Mhe Labels dy paths “thot vent foro Bome Atoke qf rol p, through [> Since the Label of thi pricy roo tole trEOgS 1 PAibex than Aingte aymbdla , God there may wen Qe an Rapnite umber of Auch Abvings, we cannot Aempy Ut the eqs as 0. fate. >There ua Aimple, finite loaq To vepreenk all such Strings: tae 0 wequlax “expression | ay ‘hu fuse, a. qpresic Aah §_ about be eliminc fo When Use etiminall stole S$» all aves eovdlving atote S lave deleted >To Compersob. abu, thoduce | fp each prodeencl % los S and eth puceesct Pj of S, 4 Cea enprerton thot eprenens ol “tha paths that atoxt ak % 1 fP to S, pethops Loop around $§ zeto oy moe times, and hilly e ® pe Ls The exprosion 4@ thew patiy QS*H + Tha exprenion wradded I the are fom g, [6 A Th there Whe no are [t *& 1 then at inlkeduce one, coit vequlan exprenion B al1 The Akeps {i Connerucking Q vequalant eapremton for O rite cuskoreakn te ab follnar’ I. Fow each accepting stole 9,» OpPly tha reduction prowers [6 produce an equivalent aultomalizn ust regulon — expresioo Mae on the arts Eliminate oll stolen expe e*ceP ond 2 stoxt Aole 9,» 2° Ff 9FA—. then a tbo stale autémalen thot looky lke : Rs v 7 * “The vegutar eapeasion 4 dru qu RE gut) Su™ 3. 9} the Ataxt Atohe UL abo an accepting state then poo the origial we mu abo poiim a tale - elimination autsraten thar gli aid ob Hoh dus tte Akoxt Mole Sort RK — regular expremiod & Re The dutred regular expronton ta. Bum (union) of ol line eaprentom desdved fore Ha vedsed oubemala pa zach accepting ole by aula (2) and (8). — Example : Cornidet Mw fpllowsing NEA, which accept all xerings Kconraining 110. unute Requlan Exprenton oy C)O\ Solution » Ravat, Convett the antimalan with vequlon expreme Jobelsa. wu achieved Ly vyeplacing tha Label Oil with jthe equivalent vequiox espresston Ox. Ls The aulomoaler 4 2 \ ey of 6 © i eo” Ly Siete mote & GB nelthet 0 teil nd ao ote Atole it wall ot Le ony of tre veduced) aussmalo.- Ly tence ux chode tp eliminate tt ft The vyequlrt expresion : Qe a1, at Rue (Ahexe, is ne: transition porn At C). ond S- f ( \oop of Bole 8) ; thus the hw tramition fom’ A te C wv Loleled Behm Able ee | b> miter eltrminoking B, te aulomolsn & > o+) C41 Stoat WO ° ) I Now gimiods CC teua Monilor roannet ard thee vault U; 0 tied Aol automata ustth atales A and Di Oot 04) 0 Stoat (a The vegulon expression {i the ae R= orl, S=Nlo T= 6? vz0tl: * x (r+ su*T) su* = (owt lo@th¢) no (ox = (oa1)*Uo (ori). (Re -ge- 6]Lramaction Austen: Conversion Of fintte Automata be Region Exprexsion The following ausumptiom axe made vegardiing the. The barkition geoph ced (oot shave ve ORSn Ore 3) at bor only one saya! Beales, Aaa Pec iver co liv) Vib the regulon exproston veprexerking “the act ob Mb: acceptid fay te BBE een though V; ib a foal ake the regulon eapeuston representing ths. het OF Bw mo such LW) oly, denotes Lobes of edges fom Yh te. Y when these ge Oy = b Comeqpantty » we con gee the follovoteng Aue ob eqpok orb in tl No v= Wx 4% + & Vn Xn + € Yoav % + bee t + Vo Xo. «Vy Spas a, = Nin ae > By repeated ly opalying aplatttubtors ‘ard Ardten's thistle, usr can expres Vi in vm 8h Oy > Por getting the | det Of Boring ~ecoqnized dg he itramition Ayiem , 0% have to take tht union of ot iat Ve Corresponding to firal Akola.ae % 2 Har Uyb e& rie 4, = HA AWE +YOA a) | % = 9,2 a) | Suvstiue @ to © they | O > % 2 WA tH +H? SW = VA+ Ub + Ye ae yo — | RR Compare thu equokion ae Drcden's thedero . then We ee %, = ga (bxaa)™ —© Sumit © io’ O | O=> a, = Var Qh + € =e 1%, 218 *,% (beaa)” b +e 2 9 (a+ a (bsaa bee! eqpabory wlth Rye Alheeeiien cere eee € (040 Coacesn ey eS) to @ fh o(bvaayis)” * (osaay” 6 itute » @ (a4 ateraayt b)* o (b+ a0y"a:Since 9 & a firal Atoke | the Aer of abe By the graph uw quer &y Sa (a xa(broa by a (bx aay a: e veg — Application. a Regular Eaprerntons : A *equioa exprenton trot qee a pickuve of pattern oh a tent Pe The “regulox expresions are then Compiled tnt dletermninise of pondeterminwstic autirnata , which axe then simulated be procure a proyaro that Yecogniges pottern to teat — >The applications of Reguiax Eapresiom ar. * Lerical Orabjgers x Tene Seaxch olertcab Onabyaer Acans the Aourte Progra and srecogniges alk tokers , “tebe dubatrings of Comecastiue chovarteyé thar Aelong ‘Together Regically + Kero And tdentibyers Ore Common exareples of rokers, fuk there are many thew L> The UNLX Commond ler and it GNY Command ler, joccepe 0% tops a lust of regular expremions 5 in he UNIX Style 1 each — fplloured Avy a frrocketed gectton of cede “that tnditcoles wha “the enical nabyger fo wren tt feds an testance oh that token. This & Called leateat - onaby ger generat.» Peeoue it tokesOs inpar a high-level descrip of 0 Lexical onal ger nd Produtes om tt a fpncbten that uo working lerttat Onalysex lex ond fhex Commands Ore Uxed % Conner Expresion = to DFA pacers tb generate On officient: {nettoo trot freaks Anurce program into “tokem , ample : | | che (yebien (ELSE); } | O Whe | cle iy te Kegusi and the action th neltiin a Agmbatic Constant (ELSE) te he parser be porthes powalo r> Abter uoritting vyequlox epresion [tk thu, uild a9 automation fd te union of all sn expression —+ Tha automatin in principle tells urs onby hak forme token hod Leen YeCognized > The problern w thot mde than one token Geel Be Teceqniaed at one ; fh trstonce , whe Bios elke feces not only the requis empremion ele Jout alo tthe exprexston i (dentifiers [7 The Mondord reroluttoy U th the lentcot onal generals, b give patchidy te the fiat exproniion© Yequian — expresion notation, tt Lecomes and le 2+ fieding Patterns £0. Tek — By Ww Cony th describe tha potters oF oO. high level, modify the description qpckly when things 9° wrong - p> A Compiler 4s rreguitax expressions Us uxhol te Tho fhe expremions Ure worl ints — enecubatstecertans Lemmon fp Sige Languogts then there ental w in Lduch [Tee farping | det L be a vequio language puch, thok i eat Kertog iorskant - Heal wl BO» WE ton wveak {nto Hyree | Bera » w= yg» Auch anor: bY ze | 2 |xyl <9 : Maul K20 1 the ae xyz abo in Le Thor iw, we Con always ffed a non empty Artog 4 oe too, fast fhore He Legianiog oh © thar can be ['parmpea" jthar Ub, repeating 4 any nwrober Of mes, jor deleting ik Ce cow kK207) , Keeps The sreaulting Bering eo the. Longvage eeOS Ne ere et eS Framele : Check uwhetsen Hue following Lonquope ta Regul ax OY nok Le for” |non}. Solution : | 1. vovile +the Language + L= {or,0011, 00111 e001) ,..9} 2 Select one Contant. on = y 3. Select ow Boing per L Auch thar lw] 3 t= O0011) » Iwl sn 6 Oy | A - Divide the ay ‘w' tel 3 bering oO. 1 | Auch “hor oy Whee YE ol te fete = 00 mek: WwW @ UY ay] 40 18> fing ways Sk zo w= 60 (ol Il : po e00ls GME Ub KO y w = 00001 Kea a = OOOILL je Ke2, Us 00 (ory) = OOOIOINL EL when k=2, the aia w te not to te language tes Thexepdie the que fon 2 Ww nok aequlax.‘regulon Clie oh Requbor es Under Boolean Opnakiors : * choure Under Uovon : x Clive Under Gomplernentation + es uw abo 0. regulon louquoge- Ne ' \ tthesierns abo yequlax . © “These “au” called Closure Properties | .. The diffrence of ‘two vequlon Lorquage au regulox. |.6- The Closure (Stax) of neq Longuoge “ot, Regutan Looguages : 0 ‘ Certain larguages Ove vegulax sand a fonguage is formed ftom ther by certain operations then L Oh the Yegulox danquege : > Clisirre Propenticn Gre : I The Union of bo “requlont Languages ib Yequias 2. The Cotevaection ob tu» equ Ponquages u vequiar: 3. The Complerrent Of o ‘regula Ponguage we “requlon 5. The reversal of a regulox fonguoge © regulon. is vyegulos 7. The Goncalenaken of vequios Language wv vequbon. 8 A homomdiphiare of 0 vequlox Languoge regula, J. The inverse homomdphism of a vegulox Longuage iw ee, . Th Land M are vrequlax Lorguages then so wu LUM: gf Lu 0 vegulax Language over alphatet 2, then> To fod the Complement ob regulon forquage Ay potbowa | Convestt Ha vegulos exprenton te an e-NFA: B AComed:| dhak Punch te a PDEA fay the Aulssee Construction : 3 Gomplerrent the ee eG Boles of thar DFA ks Tew the Complement DPA Lack inte a regular, | SAP eHION wing fu Convention ‘échniqpis * Chosuve Under Antersection + | T Land M ar vrequlox languages, then so ww Lom. LaM= Lum [* am ae a) ok language. “then AO LM in tens of langage, Lem, the depen Mond rik the Ack of Abtings tok are in Aorguare L be not to fonquage M. Reema : The yoo of a astog Bia; S tan ae asieg uorttten Lockwovdt » that 1 Ag Any ss A —> wR iw the reversal Of String w > The seersol ob @ Lorguoge Ly conten LP) the tooquage corsisting ob the seuevials of abl th brings: example: gh L= fool tort} thes R= Flo, Ol, WI Y.ee a fanguage L thot ww LOp) fh Aome file @ automaton , vot mary Construct 09 automation fe UF dag I-Reverse all the Gres in He ‘transition diagram ph A 2) Make Hy iatost’ stale of 1h at the ony accepting Ato pe the pew aullomaten 3. Crea a new arart scole PR with torittom on & fo all te Occepting stoli, Of Ay 7 Hercomdphisns : A Bering hornomsiphism a a function on Atrings that works bog abating a porticulan aeing 48. cath ee. -aaryple The function h gun dy po) Allo and hod sha & © by abb and eath | a. homoréiphiams — oohich aeplacea each ba [thes blot!) = abbbababa. P Lovers Homomaphims : | Th bh ww a bomomdiphism — fom alphabet S tw dphaler IT, od Low a yequlon longuage oust T, then f(L) Ms also a regolax Language.—|Dectaton Peopertion 0h. Regular Loppuages : 1. Ts the ua. described empty 2 (Faxing Eenptings — of Regular languages, ) aT a particutax oT w ty the described: Lorguage : (eating Membership to a Regatox language.) 3. No thn dereviptioms of o forquage actually desciee te Aame honguage 2 | Tatiog emptonn of Rgulox Longing: Th Male q, i ‘reachobte fom the stant stake and Hthere i an are fom gq tb p wrth any faiel » then p & yeackobte L> Tn Regulas Expremion thee U no excurnence Of ¢, Mhen th language NE Pusey rot ern + Th thee au B's, the Lang uoge ray may not Hee ern Ly The following vearrsive rules tell tohetber a vequlan expression denctts Hw erp long ce IR Rl R2» Then LCR) & emphy th and ‘only th Lats Lim) ond Le) are empl - a RepIRe - Then Lie) te empty tf ond only tf either! LeRY) oy L-(RE) & empty 3 Re RE Thes EIR) B roe emmply | it elunys indudes atleast €- Re CR). Then LCR) Beeogty ir Ligi) b empl:2 Thing Meobowhp ip a Regtos Langage: © % Language Lib ~eprexntd by DFA, he Brie ry Of length 01 “then the ‘teat takes O(n) time. p> logue Lo vepreentid by NFA, the Ming Ja of Reraty D, then the renning time of this wO(n) Eck 5 1 the Age Joh equa) gerne: | [> Eapivolence of Spey dijiprent notations tp seguilan erg [+ Goovenrting NEA te DPAls + i The running tine of NEA — to —DEA Converston fed fhe com where the NFA, hos €—Hranitiony , te Qos). | ’ | ; >the “Yunning Aime of NFA-fo-DFA Conyemion tnclaciog ho come tahoe the WEA has &--tomiktom a Oln?s), Sv the numb ob Atoka te pea hor jephexe lx ppA —to- NFA Conversion + DEA a Rls (OCR, shi, Coovevaion takes Ol) time 0 an n-Atole‘ % Nutomatoo ~bo~ Requlas =Expenton Goovernton : the tapah NEA oy NPA wilt e-krarmitiony , Heer Comert Ve Info pea and Ahen to Regul Exprosion 34" St tar Olek’? ) Aene- * Reslan—Exqrenion te futomalin Geoueynlon. “The Corstmuttion | of an ErNFA fom & angular expressing taker rear “Nove sen BNEA vtokes Old Alene are Ce fh yteke exponential Rent ~ [Regular Grommax ; | Regalo qramman’s ore und ‘to qprevate Regula | rt’ I Right Wincor Grommar : Th all pwductors Of CEG Context Fie Grarn) lane of Me fp jw or Aw, who AardB xe vaxualte and 'w bo (rarity trophy) Aelog OF terminol thes we hay the gromrnat i Right lineow gronman A ole bt Morar Gyamman : | Ph alk” production oh CFG coe ob te Jaro | |A—Bw or AAO) wohee A and B ave Usrtobte, . ed 1" bo Cpomibty tropty ) Abring of tereninaly Se a ths qos ‘aa left-lineon cena @ > A Right or lobe - reas qrommay 4 called Regul garoros —|Fr Cooversion porn Penile Autireaka lb Regula eons: ler M- (3% 904, 2/8. 9p/F) then Conicutt G Ge (trois And, Z,P Bo) where P te dened bey the following ruler WO Aya) W incbided to P th B(%.4)=% EF. (id Ay — ar) ond Aj 3a Ove tneluded in P i 5 (4, 14)=% €F. Example: Construct OQ tei Grommoar G grrakny the a eae represented a ak (arb)* ‘Solution : | Forst, Construct finite Autémala fA te given Ly Regula Expreminn sost_ (Gy oe" | x =(rn 19154, 8, Vr £414) mobene ie 4,1 Ve x | 9, S 2\F 9% equivalent a ran iG. Wii pS) = (£0. Ay) faicy, P, ty) where Ro Ry ORs eho A, ah) yh AL A Ao—|Converaion fier. Requlax Grammar fb Ftoile Avtemnala: Let G= (fibers Aol eP No): Combruce PEromsttion dyplem M — whote (© Atoles Corveapond to Vasciodsten: Ui) tnttial Atate Corresponds fe Ao- Gii“rramsitions ig Convespand ty prductions to P- LAS he (oat production applied to any devivakion 4 oy the {pro Ap. the Conergeostinn brampittoo terminate, at a nen Atala. ond tha 4 the Unique final Atole we defor Mo (1%:% nb} 2,519) 1%) ) urhexe 9 Ls defined o» follow : jo Each production Ay Ay indutes a tramition fam % be % with lobed a: (WO Each ponduach'oo Apo Py © % ustth Lalu @ - le Te 6 (testo Ps) ah Peeves Ap—@Ay ) A, —>bAy, Aro, A, —>b Ad: Cornea aca Heramsition astern M (Finite Automa ) Beeps Lie)- induces a tamition foro | Solution : ; |. la M= (944.9 .%% fab) 6%. $944). where |, and %, Gerespord ty Ao Gnd A, Yespertiuely and 4 U the nna dina! stale inbiodueed }Jo produce a leye- Liner qrorernas 4a Li stot with lan NFA tp LR ard then revere the wigs ido of preductions of te ousting sighs Linens qrarsmax se Example Th, Right —Yineas qvarernax we | A — 0|08 | B= Ic c + o0lo8 then iG equivalent lejt-lineort | | igroreroo ie A —> 0 [Bo Ro Cl c —> olte