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ICT Notes

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10 views30 pages

ICT Notes

Uploaded by

kejinw161
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design Stage

Data Protection Act


By: Brian Jagmohan
By: Brian Jagmohan
Syllabus Content
What ideas are suggested with the
term
“Design Stage”?
Design Stage

Overview
• Once the analysis has taken
place and the systems analyst
has some idea of the scale of
the problem and what needs to
be done, the next stage is to
design the key parts of the
recommended system
Design Stage

Tasks
• Designing data capture forms/input forms.
• Designing screen layouts.
• Designing output forms and reports.
• Producing systems flowcharts.
• Selecting and designing validation rules that need to be used.
• Selecting the most appropriate data verification methods.
• Designing and agreeing the file structures and tables.
• Selecting and designing the hardware requirements.
• Selecting and designing the software requirements.
• Producing algorithms or program flowcharts.
• Designing a testing strategy/plan.
Design Stage
Data Capture Forms
Design Stage
Data Capture Forms
Design Stage

Data Capture Forms


When designing a data collection form,it is good practice to follow the principles below:

• Avoid colour as the document may not be printed in colour.


• Include instructions about how to complete the form.
• Give clear instructions about where the form should be returned.
• Identify which questions must be answered and which are optional.
• Provide enough space for each answer.
• Use tick boxes for multiple choice lists.
• Make it clear how many options are allowed to be chosen from a multiple choice list.
• Ensure all fonts are consistently used.
• Avoid cluttering the form with too much information or too many questions.
• Ensure the font style and size are legible.
Design Stage
Data Capture Forms
Design Stage

Screen Layouts
A screen can he used to ask the user for data to
be input or to display information to the user or
a mixture of both to use.

When designing a user interface,


it is important to ensure that it is accessible and
efficient for the user. Important things to
consider include:
o Colour
o Layout
o Font size
o Quantity of information
o Controls
Design Stage

Screen Layouts
When designing a screen it is good practice to follow the principles below:

• Use colour sparingly and appropriately


• Ensure all fonts are used with consistency
• Avoid cluttering the screen with too much information, but at the same time try to fit all
information that needs to be viewed at the same time on a single screen
• Ensure the font style and size are legible if the screen requires user input
• Include instructions about how to complete the form
• Identify which questions must be answered and which are optional provide enough space for
each answer use tick boxes for multiple choice lists that can have more than one response
• Use drop-down boxes (combo boxes) or option buttons (radio buttons) for multiple choice lists
that can only have one response.
Design Stage
Screen Layout - Evaluation
Design Stage

System Flowcharts
• A system flowchart shows the processes that
take place within the system and the decisions
that are made.

• It focuses on the logic of the system, rather than


the data within the system.

• A flow chart can represent a whole system or


just part of a system.
Checking the Accuracy of Data
Validation
 Validation: the process of checking data to make sure it matches acceptable rules.

 Validation takes place when data is input into a computer system.

 When data is validated, if it conforms to the rules then it will be accepted. If it does not
conform to the rules, then it will be rejected and an error message will be presented.

 Validation does not ensure that data is correct.


Presence Check
 A presence check is used to
ensure that data is entered.

 If data is entered, then it is


accepted. If data is not entered,
then the user will be presented
with an error message asking
them to enter data.
Limit Check
 A limit check contains one boundary, either the highest possible value or the lowest
possible value.

 The following symbols are used when comparing with a boundary:


Range Check
 A range check ensures that data is
within a defined range.

 A range check includes two


boundaries, which would be the
lower boundary and the upper
boundary.
Type Check
 A type check ensures that data must be of a defined data type.
Length Check
 A length check ensures data is of a defined length or within a range of
lengths.
Format Check
 A format check ensures data matches a defined format. It is sometimes
known as a picture check and the data has to follow a pattern.
Lookup Check
 A lookup check tests to see if data exists in a list.
Consistency Check
 A consistency check compares data in one field with data in another field that
already exists within a record, to see whether both are consistent with each
other.
Check Digit
 A check digit is a number (or letter) that is added to the end of an identification
number being input.

 When the identification number is input, the same algorithm is performed on it.

 The result of the algorithm should match the check digit.

 If it matches, then the data is valid. If it does not match then the data is invalid.
Check Digit
Verification
Verification
Verification
 Verification: Verification is the process of checking that the data
entered into the computer system matches the original source.
Verification
Visual Checking
 Checking the data if it matches the original
source, by reading and comparing, usually by the
user.

 If the data matches, then it has passed the


verification process. If it does not match, then it
has failed the verification process and needs to
be re-entered.

 Visual checking does not ensure that the data


entered is correct. If the original data is wrong,
then the verification process may still pass.
Verification
Double Data Entry
 Data is input into the system twice and checked for consistency by
comparing.

 The two items of data are compared by the computer system and
if they match, then they are verified. If there are any differences,
then one of the inputs must have been incorrect.
Design Stage

File Structures

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