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Assigment 22

what is flow chart

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15 views7 pages

Assigment 22

what is flow chart

Uploaded by

irfanullahswat6000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment:2

Subject: Programming Fundamentals

1.what is flow chart?why we use it.

 History of Flowcharts.
Frank Gilberth introduced flowcharts in 1921, and they were called “Process Flow

Charts” at the beginning. Allan H. Mogensen is credited with training business

people on how to use flowcharts.

 What is a Flowchart
A flowchart is a visual representation of a process or algorithm. It uses
different shapes and symbols to represent various steps or actions in a
sequence. Flowcharts are commonly used in software development,
business processes, and various other fields to illustrate the flow of
activities.
 Why we use it.
 Visualization of Logic:
o Flowcharts provide a visual representation of the logical flow of a
program. This can be especially helpful for understanding complex
algorithms and processes, both for programmers writing the code
and for others who may need to review or maintain the code.
 Algorithm Design:
o Flowcharts are commonly used during the design phase of software
development to plan and illustrate the structure of an algorithm.
They help programmers in organizing their thoughts and refining the
logic before translating it into actual code.
 Communication:
o Flowcharts serve as a communication tool. They allow programmers
to communicate their ideas and algorithms to team members,
stakeholders, or anyone involved in the software development
process. Flowcharts can be easier to understand than written code,
especially for individuals who are not necessarily programmers.
 Debugging:
o When encountering issues in a program, flowcharts can aid in the
debugging process. By following the flow of the program visually,
programmers can identify potential areas of concern or logical errors.
 Documentation:
o Flowcharts can be part of the documentation for a software project.
They provide a high-level overview of the program's structure and
logic, making it easier for others (or even the original programmer
after some time has passed) to understand and maintain the code.
 Education and Training:
o Flowcharts are used as educational tools to teach programming
concepts and logic. They help students understand the flow of control
in algorithms and how decisions are made within a program.
 Planning and Analysis:
o Before writing code, it's often beneficial to plan and analyze the
structure of a program. Flowcharts help in breaking down a problem
into smaller, manageable steps, allowing for a more systematic
approach to coding.

2.Define all shapes use in flow chart.

Flow line
Indicates the flow of logic by connecting symbols.

Terminal(Stop/Start)
Represents the start and the end of a flowchart.

Input/Output
Used for input and output operation.
Processing
Used for arithmetic operations and data-manipulations.

Decision
Used for decision making between two or more alternatives.

On-page Connector
Used to join different flowline

Off-page Connector
Used to connect the flowchart portion on a different page.

Predefined Process/Function
Represents a group of statements performing one processing task.

Examples of flowcharts in programming

1. Add two numbers entered by the user.


2. Find the largest among three different numbers entered by the user.
3.Draw a flow chart of if statement.
Flowchart for if statement
Example of if statement
C++ program to check percentage of a student and display pass if it is greater
than 40.
#include <iostream>

#include <conio.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

float percent;

cout<<"Enter your percentage: ";

cin>>percent;

cout<<"You scored "<<percent<<"%"<<endl;

if (percent>=40)

cout<<"Congratulation: You have passed";

getch();

return 0;

4.Write a program to find a number is even or odd using if statement

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


int main()

int number;

cout << "Enter an integer: ";

cin >> number;

if (number & 1) {

cout << number << " is odd." << std::endl;

} else {

cout << number << " is even." <<endl;

return 0;

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