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9 viewsOS Unit 2 Part 1
Operating System Notes Unit 2 AKTU
Uploaded by
ShishirCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 15
UNIT- IT
CONCURRENT | PROCESSES
SS
PROCESS CONCEPT ¢ (bala Wr priatious site’)
A process ts an eartuting pro including
eunent voluLs of tht 4g. 00 ; Argistew variables,
pAoters can be dusoulbed as :
To bound process > spends move time in doing Jo then
on.
CPU bound process > spends time vr comput odion.
Process
: $ en
Co- ppercdive prouss.
PALES
ade > cont aject by othr process
Santp. shoving “> dotun't shore data, ‘emern-,
> comput ou” sperdup . variobl, code ote.
> modularity |
2 oO {ser work, oh.
many Oaks Ob tht Tie time)
PROCESS SYNCHRONIZATION:
PpRocess oe
% contwisunt arts tb o shosud data roy auutt Sn
poga Scone’
* enanroining dato: condibtency Regu, “mechanum Yo
endure eal exoeubion eb eoppeiating pooetes, Example: int shaud= 5 5
Pa ' 0
mt w= vee ode ye shad; = 5
ett; é | yon
Alup (1) 5 sleep (1)5
ahora ef) saa 45 4.
Bern processed ars eneuttd parol Rut shy yer
erwikon, is UnIpRowson. 3, auquanen Of extention
4 the phous wy be he R2HPR
“ prowases aw exeerted se bapa ae co- open ~
tive proses but
=
Yo known ab "hoe condition |
dhis type ri eek
PRINCIPLE | OF CONCURRENCY
Concur MIVLY > interteowt 4 processes in time to gine
the appienand a el LLORUSLONL
PSSULbs yy shanin global ALSOUNLES
+ opemaL cation, a ALSOUELS
¥ tocating prognarnncing eons
% also inthoduts th watt nok tf paoensses mary:
gun ok defh Sperds.
RaLe . epndittion > oceuns usher mulhipls proeetes, ov Usreads
Read ov “pailt data items 0 thot “ginal DAU depends on
thy ort Of eRCeUaEN of instrut: 8) fn thy pouliple
Processes, theupore, OS conwurs fell. things :
4. 05 must bt Oble to keep track of Vorrinud proteases,
2. 0 Must aloe % challorate various ALSOUELA fOr
each aetive paoresd
3. 0S must pAoteet th data & Pp ico RSOUNLL Of
cath prouss agdunst unintenaud © inieyouncr by mh.
processes .
4. The gunctioning a process % the of Up produces
must be naupandled ah Spee at whith HS
purution is cassied out wative to She spied
othe eoneumsent processes. '
PRODUCER CONSUMER, PROBLEM
et
Have one J OMe wndumer beth ars coming at
au ome time % ay OME -ALLOWILLS > CO-OPEIOEV
CONSUMER COdE :
void consumer (void)
i
wt Stems 5 exeuiion tn PU:
whi (true) ‘ stO0 WN ;
i naa 4. Load Rey ™ Ctount]
[est Teount = = 03] Up, 2. OECR_ Re
emt = Quit Loud], 3, &tove mftoun], Q,
out = (out +1) mod n + { ‘ ’ :
wound = wound 15]
Prowus-Hem (Here) 4 Both prose anu, sharcg
fy © Buse (Memory)
@® count (voledte) PRODUCER, CODE
7 UE fount = 0 |
void produc, (void)
4nd temp 5
: obi (true) exeustion fn CPUS
produet, Aters (Herp) ; 4, Load Rp, rofvourd )
[while Count ==n); | exes” pos 2. NER, RPS
‘uo Lin) - : Herp 5 3. stove mount], Rp 5
‘n= Cin +4) mod ny
[tout = unk +15
5
th (0-0
‘la
consume OF '
by ays [oil sf el oie
‘ ene ita daub
5 is 220 (0)
7 % Fells the add.
ad [i of ae eng 9
bayer".
cose D ; Let Hemp =o igo in
ine Co+t) mod 6 = [4] now,
count. tes no, 6} tems present Xn wa Hy 0
Wetigg Spout ott ' /
Now, cheeks How consume works ?
Hew, — Sterne = Buyerfo] = x 5 put= out ¢4 Mod) @ |
= o+4 med Oo: [A
count = 41-1 = [&] we Hem om buyer |
—Kke
case @; nee i
see ms a
out 1 [oat
:
4
5 count
6
+ : (Pye K
prowess phaduts 3 “ems (Xj, 2,0) q steve em
bupor, New, HS Auady 1 produce 4% Storm, (74)
put Lin] = Temp = %. 5% place at place 3
in = DH Mod N= St! med @ = (|
count = Bt! =], Now, consid ; two Snapuctions
7 wad Re , mCvount] O Ca) Hutu auterssfally,
2° TNOR Rp © fe then, pAouss preempt bey
3B. Store mCeount] Rp ® A LONOUPLA —PADUAS
, 2 wounk not Updated,
Now, tonsUmey tode works
Stemce = Suppor out] = ®[o] = %
wt = ot! mod 8 = 4 2. yOdenglrs
Re oem 5 B-1- 2 (Same, before ereutin
sieve mLsount], Re prowsd preamps agai by Prluus,
at Producey side, SF wesuines. Finally Ta exteuted &
venus oh count why Se (E) 5 toerinated | Now, eongumer exetuced Sie Ts Fnebutton,
“Hou, [Re=Q now, load mount), Re
2, feount=2] now town ‘s updated |
ecnsumey Alay {taminatrd _
count = 9 s0ys, 1 have “tase ems to aye Bat,
m acmal , VWs . Three.
Kis probum is coud Roce Condition {wwe cout
arhieye — proelss synchowinatton hike Hie of this,
sequence, o_esustion |
Pim en, Pi C ta.
CRITICAL EN
consid o a 1D) of
nn ctr aan
| ent af cool. He caltica) Seuton
i wshich the Prous ay. be vere
cornmnon | vanlobles , _ upaaniog Q file
wohen one paotus ts exeusting 4m
tag eatHtal Avction, No oth, procs ”
% to be allowed 4d exteutt th Ys
cadtcol section.
muinal excwsive- No, wo pooesses ory exteusitg %n
chur escitical Bein at thy same me ,o
=
do {
ENTRY SECTION.
cated! seetione
EXIT SECTION
Remoinc secifon
5
whur ( Taue)s “Example :
process. Py Process 2
te include 44 include 454dlo.h>
main () main ()
Non. criHeal section «
ENTRY SECTION
Non-cattical section
ENTRY SECTION
caiticed, Section eatticol Section
EXIT SECTION EXIT SECTION
SOLUTIONS, OF CRITICAL SECTION (PROBLEM|
4. Mutual Exclusion * only one, process aie time Bs
avowed into Us eattical Settion.
Requiements, for Mutual exclusion : 7
4 0 Prous that hots Sn US non odHeal
do $0 without wreqerdng with Oth, processes.
y aL roust not be possible for a preess vrequiss
fo 0 Ulta) stttion to be delayed’ Toaufinitely No.
deadlok er staswaton, |
x when no proces 1 tn @ obtical seuticn , joes that
sada pe O45! emttical » Section must be pesmi-
udithout del
ye No assumfstions ay made About ~eatve proses «
pete ee Peeasor
A prouss —“VerHaANS eee Ys esttea) sect. for a
*
gintte time ma :
Auton. must
iy access, a ie a > calHcol suction Us , none af the
p, A process & bauer the, Now, Py
wants +o entey In Hs eribeal section
Shack) om the othur hand, fis not Sntertsted
otal | fo twtencting His enbHea) Seubton bu
secthn J Ts staying to sep FL fos execu
his chiical section No pee by omy pros.
& Bounded wait > A bound must exist on thy oo, of
Bmes that othur Presse vu atlowed to enter
aped} eattical section aftr a prowss has made a 74-
fo entor HS ehiical - Settion & befose thas SUQULSE
ws aqvanted. :
> amume that each prncess exteues ot pon x60 specd.
3 No _assuroption tonexntng welative Sperd sf, the
N phocesses,
4 cond’ need: to held to have good aoj” *
@ No two presser m be sirputtonenudls enter.
snajle, their -eMticol “Section.
© No assumption may be made about Apud "proce 8 :
® wo pws aunoing outers Hs. cS, may block. }
othe — pspesath |
@ No proetss should hove 4o wort , pred fo erden
S45 enmticad section, . DEKKER'S — SOLUTION
blag [To]; = true,
while blag Cry = pave
Ai bw # 0
Hag Loy i= pose
while twn #0 7 F
pag Lo] y= tue ¥9
Yo tical section.
funn 7 - a
blag Col: = false
I semaindir section
Y whi (TRUE);
he tor two processes based setely on gio, ech
gnese procses loop 0 , repens entesding mis C3.
PH process = and A wish +o exttute HS CS fost
orders thy igloo earnings thy blackboard. The. po-
ews number & writtey on plackbeand , thar Process
roves th igloo Q protuds to ¢5, othewue, thar
wow wood fos “ds wh, SF repeats this enesde
allowed +o enter Ws ¢6, Tis prouduse ts
Algo.
go" a one prous elle, other u PETERSON'S , SOLUTION
do
stag Ci) = TRUE }
| twuy= $5
while ( plaglid- RHO = =F) 5
eaitical section. :
. [pegct] = FALSE 5
pemorney section,
J while (TRUE) TEST and SET operation . As)
Sperial Mie instAuction used to avoid mutual exclusion,
4 can be dupened as follows
boolean testset Cint 1)
f
i Liss 0)
i isl;
Awuy TRUE 5
dae
L xeon FALSE 5
Fy
above yunerion is caried out autor net ay.
tS) 9
ov a simple & cay +o vest
a applicable +o any "0, iene
+ wed to purport Multiple enitical eetions.
ssp! vy"
as 7 wali osstble.
y stewwation” ts abto possible.
w tho Noy be a dtadLoek, Lock yoriable ! (oldest Method) @x"
t
ee Wok 4. whut {lok == 4) ony
cattical Suction. 2, wks, cod’,
nulrase, Lock. 3, cAuiCOl SHON
M [ bok=0 5) ot code
“> exteutt In user mode \
=> No quanantt oh mutual vtlusion
cae) (ek Cee ae |
Note :4 Loek= 0 means CS fe empty
=1 " a
Py exeeuted. te Rete Tr (woke =41) 2 (o== t) @F
wow, 9 sts volt of botke 4 usty eben In CS.
In tty meanwhile, oP wants to enter 5} can} beoz.
Lok= 4 pow. _ apts the comption ay | PL.
usw end tude. vice versa |
case® % excoutid, Tr (0== 1) @ Fae
Belpre eneeuting Tp Pt peeempts, and fo, comes,
pp chek Ty (o==4) @ False thn enteutts Ip Ar
au. tok= 4 ond ents In CS, Now, P, come ‘
g eceuted I, & stk Locke 1 (oveumte Lock vole )
wow, P, also enters {n cS, Both Prowsses au in C8
now. ve, there fe No quosouss Of Mutual
excurson tH tis (ue | Tet _and set, instruction 7 pyar
while (testand. set er) ie
eatital settion
Louk = = pose | ‘ oe ri
oe
beclean test_and. seb ( boolean » tenga) >
T boolean ov = Hagel 5
3 4 she (touk= = 1) |
Here, T, ord Ty combines 4 work = 15 cect
ene instucbian Yn ery cede “5, er seaien
Ne ee ne te one Li ake Oj Jest ase
BQ then aut thy value fn one
stu. 60, tha, premption wut not toke place \
by cuyauute, otk = ieee
Lo
kK
te: rhe Le) Fi)
while [ test_anol Set Ha yerwins False means
co ompry sR wid eter Be 6S
: AR, wu pot
rote FA enden 9n cs
und) PU tomplutet
Ton Props |
. 1000
“. Aciwed Mutual “Oe Town Vosiable (siete auiennation metros) —— ohm
> two paoeus sol” 5 un UseH Mode.
_ Prous fo rout Pr
jest while (tas | = 0) | hiv (twa | = 4)
cs cs
oy Toe 1 ‘ tus = 0,
{
snitiolly , gun tan be 0 OL, o qusuy= 0 then
% n pe, wsill enero
f, pu enter OUT fev fuun= 4,
all tw twn-o , fo ws eeecrst
x: his ews o) @& False g wh enter Tn cs
Now, > alto wants +o enfen An C5,
x1 wh (two |= 4) (o = 4) @ Te eo
ceee tee loop, nk alowed to ent
OP inp ena apis thi wmpltion of fe
Mucdeal welusion dw,
TH_ cue
se ee empty cs i any P wonts
ie, ue bak, wt xuppose €S bs
empty ke tw.= 0 Now 1p, wants -fo orden bub
at cont, why? use “hw = 4) (0}- © T
pee @ cant enter 8n CS ountl Be get
post. baz. ey fr ental S46 ext} caddy wll VERSE
fons 4 get exited {x vie versa,
oe udu Meant poe sn
bees fe ty to wop Ph to ent tn CS,
+6 pee teneept »
