Senior High School

11/12

Disaster Readiness and

Risk Reduction
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Geological Hazards Map and
Mitigation Strategies

Compiler/Contextualizer: Vellen G. Delfin

 SECOND QUARTER
Week 2 - Module 2
Geological Hazards Map and Mitigation Strategies
Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of related
geological hazards such as rainfall-induced
landslide and sinkhole.

Performance Standard : The learners develop an emergency preparedness

plan to guide them on what to do before, during
and after the occurrence of events that causes
geological hazards.

Competency/Code : 1. Interpret geological maps; and

2. Apply mitigation strategies to prevent loss of
lives and properties.

Learning Outcomes : 1. Create geological map in its own locality and

identify applicable mitigation strategies in case
of calamities.
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Know

Instructions. Read each sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following describes a geological map?

a. A special-purpose map made to show the susceptible fire hazards.
b. A map which sole purpose is to show various sea creatures.
c. A special-purpose map made to show various geological features.
d. A map which is used to locate mining treasures around the globe.

2. The following are parts of a geological map except _______.

a. Compass c. Protractor
b. Legend d. Title

3. According to Mines and GeoSciences Bureau, these two colors indicate flood
prone areas.
a. Green and Yellow c. Pink and Violet
b. Blue and Pink d. Red and Green

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4. The following are high risk areas where a building should not be located
except_________.
a. Plains c. Streams
b. Rivers d. Steep slopes

5. If Duck-Cover-and Hold is for Earthquake, fetal position is for ____________.

a. Landslide c. Typhoon
b. Sinkholes d. Volcanic Eruption

6. These are the three colors which indicates the level of susceptibility of an area
using a geological map.
a. Orange-Pink-Violet c. Red-Orange-Green
b. Pink-Green-Violet d. Yellow-Red-Green

7. Which of the following should be done before a landslide?

a. Avoid falling rocks and soil.
b. Report damaged power, water and telephone lines.
c . Avoid areas that may be affected by landslide. Head to an elevated and
safe place.
d. Evacuate immediately in cases of non-stop rainfall and landslide threat
in your area.

8. “Avoid places affected with landslide as the hazard might recur”, is a mitigation
statement that should be done in what phase of landslide?
a. Before landslide c. After landslide
b. During landslide d. None of these

9. What does CEG stands for?

a. Certified Engineering Geologist c. Center of Educational Geology
b. Consulting Engineer Geology d. Certified Engineer Geological

10. What could possibly happen if a landslide blocks the water flow after a
landslide?
a. Earthquake would occur c. Alert levels would be raised
b. Flashflood may happen d. Eruption warning will be raised

11. What does it indicate when the canyons or areas are in or around drainages?
a. Area is prone to landslide. c. Area is prone to sinkhole.
b. Area is prone to flashfloods. d. Area is prone to earthquake.

12. When estimating the susceptibility of a slope to rain-induced landslide, seven

parameters are measured, and these are the following except______.
a. Slope angle c. Depth of the hole
b. Slope material d. Frequency of ground movement

13. Winslet was checking the geological map of Cebu City when she saw that the
legend indicates that Cebu City has “yellow” susceptibility when it comes to
landslide. What does it mean?
a. It means that Cebu City has low susceptibility to landslide.
b. It indicated moderate susceptibility of landslide.
c. It shows high susceptibility of landslide.
d. It means people must prepare to evacuate.

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 14. John Edward was assessing the landslide potential of their area using the
quick guide assessment checklist. Which of the following is not part of the
checklist?
a. Are there any old scarps on the slope?
b. Have there been landslides in the area in the past?
c. Is the driveway or sidewalk cracked, patched, or down dropped?
d. None of the above

15. Choy is mapping out his place and indicated that his area has high level of
landslide susceptibility, which color should he represent the map?
a. Green b. Yellow c. Red d. Violet

Lesson
Geological Hazards Map
1 and Mitigation Strategies

What I Need To Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
o interpret a geological map; and
o apply preventive measures in dealing with geological hazards.

What’s In
Instructions: Inside the box, write at least five (5) facts each about the following
related geological hazards. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE SINKHOLES

What’s New

In the previous activity, you were able to recall your knowledge about the
geological hazards but how about if you will already be given a map, will you be able
to know the location of potential geological hazards? How do you think will you do
it? When you can already locate those areas, what will be the possible mitigation
strategies that you will advise to those people living in those areas?

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 In this module, you will be able to learn interpreting geological hazards and
some preventive measures against these hazards.

What Is It

A geological map is special-purpose map made to show various geological features

and is part of the tools that can be used as precautionary measures to avoid or
mitigate the effects of the different geological hazards.

-Parts of a Geological Map-

Title

red

green
Legend
violet

yellow

pink
Compass

Bar
Scale/Map
Coordinates Ruler

Image 1: Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Cebu Quadrangle Cebu Province, Philippines
Source: Mines and GeoSciences Bureau

Note: See http://r7.mgb.gov.ph/geohazard-maps/ for actual photo.

FOR RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE PRONE AREAS, THERE ARE THREE COLORS:

Yellow: low susceptibility-less likely to be experience landslide; Be prepared.

Green: moderately susceptible; Be cautious.
Red: highly susceptible; Be alert and ready to evacuate.

FOR FLOOD-PRONE AREAS:

Pink: Low to moderately susceptible. Be cautions.

Violet: Highly susceptible; Be alert and ready to evacuate.

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Based on the map in Image 1: Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Cebu
Quadrangle Cebu Province, Philippines, Cebu City has low susceptibility which
means less likely to experience landslide however the mountainous areas both have
moderate to high susceptibility to experience landslide.

With regards to flood, the areas which are very near the coastline has high
susceptibility and needs to be always alert and ready to evacuate but most areas in
Cebu especially the province of Cebu has low to moderately susceptibility however,
being cautious is still required.

yellow

red

yellow

red

Image 2: Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Batunan Quadrangle Bohol Province, Philippines
Source: Mines and GeoSciences Bureau

Municipality of Batuanan in the Province of Bohol has low to high susceptibility when
it comes to landslide due to its topography.

Aside from knowing the geological hazards of an area through a geologic map, there
are other mitigation strategies one can apply to prevent loss of lives and properties
specifically when talking about landslide.

One is estimating the susceptibility of a slope to rain-induced landslide. To

familiarize the procedure for estimating the susceptibility of a slope to rain-induced
landslides, read Rain-induced Landslide Susceptibility: A Guidebook for
Communities and Non-experts through this link https://ksu.edu.ph/stories/rain-
induced-landslide-susceptibility-guidebook-communities-and-non-experts.
The procedure requires the estimation of seven parameters namely: Slope angle,
slope material, presence of springs, and effect of drainage, frequency of ground
movement, predominant vegetation, and present land use.

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There is also this QUICK GUIDE TO ASSESS LANDSLIDE POTENTIAL checklist.

Have there been landslides in the area in the past?

Is the house or site on or near a steep slope?
Is there a cliff nearby?
Is the ground cracked?
Are there any old scarps on the slope?
Is there a spring, seep or ponding water close by?
Is there a drainage channel nearby?
Are there any tilted or leaning trees, fences, or utility poles nearby?
Do the trees have bent tree trunks?
Is there any sign of cracking, or patched cracks in the walls or foundations?
Is the driveway or sidewalk cracked, patched, or down dropped?
Are any retaining walls cracked, tilted or off-set?
Have any structures such as concrete steps moved away from the house?

Another is through these guidelines,

RECOGNITION, PREVENTION, CONTROL, and MITIGATION

PREPARING FOR A LANDSLIDE

1. Learn the condition in your area and watch out for signs of an impending landslide
such as fissuring of the ground or sudden appearance of springs.
When building a house/high rise structure,
Buildings should be located away from high risk areas such as steep slopes,
rivers and streams (perennial or ephemeral), and fans at the mouth of mountain
channels. Consult a certified or licensed engineering geologist (CEG or LEG) or a
registered/ licensed geologist (RG) or a professional geotechnical engineer (PE) if
you plan on building on a location that is a high-risk area.

AREAS PRONE TO LANDSLIDES INCLUDE:

• Areas where previous landslides have occurred
• Steep natural slopes particularly in weak geologic materials
• Canyons and areas in or around drainages
• Developed hillsides where landscapes are irrigated
• Below cliffs or hills with outcrops of fractured rocks
• Steep slopes where surface runoff is directed onto the slope
• Areas where wildfires or human modification have removed vegetation
from the slopes

2. Keep posted on threats of landslide through the barangay landslide threat

advisory, reports, and landslide hazard map.
3. Know the fastest and safest way going to the nearest evacuation center.
4. Evacuate immediately in cases of non-stop rainfall and landslide threat in your
area.

DURING LANDSLIDE
1. If inside the house or building and evacuation is not possible: Stay inside. Get
under a sturdy table.

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 2. If outside: Avoid areas that may be affected by landslide. Head to an elevated
and safe place.
3. Do a fetal position and protect your head if landslide can no longer be
avoided.
4. If driving: Do not cross collapsed bridges or roads. Avoid falling rocks and soil.

AFTER A LANDSLIDE
1. Avoid places affected with landslide as the hazard might recur.
2. Watch out for possible flashfloods if the landslide blocked the water flow.
3. Check for missing persons and report it to the authorities so that rescue
operations can start immediately.
4. Monitor the latest advisories and warnings. Report damaged power, water
and telephone lines.
5. Check for damaged foundation and other parts of the house or building.
Have these repaired when condition is clear and there is no more landslide
threat.

What’s More
Activity 1 – Write it on!
Instructions: Using the map of Liloan Quadrangle in Cebu Province, identify the
parts of the map and describe the level of susceptibility of the area with regards to
landslide and flood. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1.

red

green
2. _________

violet

3. _________

yellow

green

violet 4. _________
yellow

EXPLANATION:
_______________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 2 – Complete me!

Instructions: Complete each statement by filling in the correct term/s being asked.
Write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. For rain-induced landslide, ______ has low susceptibility-less likely to be

experience landslide.
2. A geological map is special-purpose map made to show various _______.
3. For flood prone areas with PINK legend means low to ________ susceptibility.
4. _________ immediately in cases of non-stop rainfall and landslide threat in
your area.
5. Do a ___________ position and protect your head if landslide can no longer be
avoided.
6. ________ places affected with landslide as the hazard might recur.

What I Have Learned

What are you going to do to prevent the loss of life and property when there is a
geological hazard?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I can do
Assess your area!
Instructions. Through the given checklist below, assess your area when it comes to
landslide or sinkhole susceptibility and answer the following questions.

Have there been landslides in the area in the past?

Is the house or site on or near a steep slope?
Is there a cliff nearby?
Is the ground cracked?
Are there any old scarps on the slope?
Is there a spring, seep or ponding water close by?
Is there a drainage channel nearby?
Are there any tilted or leaning trees, fences, or utility poles nearby?
Do the trees have bent tree trunks?
Is there any sign of cracking, or patched cracks in the walls or foundations?
Is the driveway or sidewalk cracked, patched, or down dropped?
Are any retaining walls cracked, tilted or off-set?
Have any structures such as concrete steps moved away from the house?

1. How many questions did you mark check? How many are not?
2. Do you think your area is safe from landslide, sinkhole or even flood?
3. What do you think should be done by the government and the people living in
the community susceptible to these related geological hazards? Why?

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 Assessment
Instructions. Read each sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a special-purpose map made to show various geological features.

a. World map c. Landslide map
b. Geologic map d. Earthquake hazard map

2. It is a visual explanation of the symbols used on the map.

a. Compass c. Protractor
b. Legend d. Title

3. According to Mines and Geosciences Bureau, these two colors indicate flood
prone areas.
a. Blue, Pink c. Red, Green
b. Pink, Violet d. Green, Yellow

4. The following are high risk areas where a building should not be located
except______.
a. Cliff c. Plains
b. Drainage channels d. Spring

5. When a landslide is unavoidable, this position should be done to protect

oneself.
a. Fetal position c. Duck-Cover-Hold
b. Prone position d. Cross-arms position

6. These are the three colors which indicates landslide’s level of susceptibility of
an area in a map.
a. Red-Orange-Green c. Yellow-Red-Green
b. Pink-Green-Violet d. Orange-Pink-Violet

7. Which of the following should be done after a landslide?

a. Avoid falling rocks and soil.
b. Report damaged power, water and telephone lines.
c. Avoid areas that may be affected by landslide and head to an elevated
and safe place.
d. Evacuate immediately in cases of non-stop rainfall and landslide threat
in your area.

8. “Check for missing persons and report it to the authorities.”, is a mitigation

statement that should be done in what phase of landslide?
a. Before landslide c. After landslide
b. During landslide d. None of these

9. Jaleo is planning to build his house on a location that is a high-risk area. To

whom he should consult?
a. Certified Engineering Geologist c. Center of Educational Geology
b. Consulting Engineer Geology d. Certified Engineer Geological

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 10. What could possibly happen if a landslide blocks the water flow after a
landslide?
a. Sinkhole would occur c. Earthquake would occur
b. Flashflood may happen d. Eruption warning will be raised

11. What does it indicate when you live in an area where previous landslides have
occurred?
a. Area is prone to sinkhole. c. Area is prone to earthquake.
b. Area is prone to landslide. d. Area is prone to flashfloods.

12. Wilmar would like to assess the level of susceptibility of a slope to rain-
induced landslide and he measured using the seven parameters, and these
are the following except _______.
a. Slope angle c. Slope material
b. Depth of the hole d. Frequency of ground movement

13. Roderick wanted to know the causes of landslide, so he studied about it and
found out the following except _______.
a. Steep slopes
b. Slopes that are too heavy
c. Lack of plants and trees in mountains
d. Concentration of water flow, storm water, etc.

14. Edzeal is studying the geological map which shows the level of landslide
susceptibility. Help him arrange the order of the legend from high to low
susceptibility.
a. Yellow – Green - Red
b. Green – Red - Yellow
c. Red – Green - Yellow
d. Green – Yellow – Red

15. Metzi is afraid that their place is prone to landslide, so she researched about
it and found out that the following are areas prone to landslide except_______.
a. Areas where previous landslides have occurred
b. Developed hillsides where landscapes are irrigated
c. Steep slopes where surface runoff is directed onto the slope
d. Areas where wildfires or human modification have removed vegetation
from the slopes

Additional Activities

Create now!
Using any recycled materials found in your home, create a 3D model of a landslide
or a sinkhole based on the learnings that you had in module 1 and in this module.
Criteria: Relevance to the topic – 50%, Creativity – 30%, Neatness – 20%.

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