Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study

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 Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine
A Comprehensive Study Guide
Ninth Edition
Editor-in-Chief
Judith E. Tintinalli, MD, MS
Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
Adjunct Professor, Department of Health Policy and Administration
Adjunct Professor, Medical Journalism, School of Journalism and Mass Communications
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Clinical Professor
Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties
Michigan State University
College of Osteopathic Emergency Medicine
East Lansing, Michigan

Co-Editors
O. John Ma, MD Donald M. Yealy, MD Garth D. Meckler, MD, MSHS
Professor Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine Associate Professor and Division Head
Department of Emergency Medicine University of Pittsburgh/University of Pittsburgh Physicians Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University Senior Medical Director, Health Services Division, UPMC University of British Columbia/BC Children’s Hospital
Portland, Oregon Professor of Emergency Medicine, Medicine, and Clinical and Vancouver, British Columbia
Translational Sciences
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Joseph Stephan Stapczynski, MD David M. Cline, MD
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine Professor and Director of Departmental Research
Scholarly Projects Advisor Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix Wake Forest School of Medicine
Professor, Affiliate Faculty Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Department of Emergency Medicine
Creighton University School of Medicine
Phoenix, Arizona
Stephen H. Thomas, MD, MPH
Senior Lecturer in Emergency Medicine
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
Queen Mary University of London
London, United Kingdom
Professor and Chairman of Emergency Medicine
Hamad General Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar
Doha, Qatar

New York  Chicago  San Francisco  Athens  London  Madrid  Mexico City

Milan  New Delhi  Singapore  Sydney  Toronto

Tintinalli_FM_p000i-xliv.indd 3 8/5/19 12:40 PM

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 To my keenest supporters, my husband, Burton Fox, and my emergency medicine physician daughter,
Anne Tintinalli, MD.
Judith E. Tintinalli, MD, MS

For Elizabeth, the love of my life.

O. John Ma, MD

I thank the people who trusted me with their care needs; the people who taught me how to think and
to be a physician and scientist; the partners over the years who made me better; and to my family,
who always supported and cared for me.
Donald M. Yealy, MD

To the patients, nurses, students, and mentors who teach me every day and
to my partner, Steve, for his support and patience.
Garth D. Meckler, MD, MSHS

I dedicate this edition to my grandson, Charlie. In his eyes, I am just “Grandpa.”

And that means the world to me.
Joseph Stephan Stapczynski, MD

To my family, mentors, fellow clinicians, residents, students,

and patients who give meaning to this work.
David M. Cline, MD

To Cathrine, Sarah Alice, and Caroline, who make it all worthwhile.

Stephen H. Thomas, MD, MPH

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 Contents

PROCEDURAL AND ULTRASOUND VIDEOS SECTION 3 Resuscitation 53

To access the collection of more than 100 emergency medicine 11 Sudden Cardiac Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
videos, please scan the QR code below or visit www.tintinalliem.com. Joseph P. Ornato
The password to access videos is tem9 12 Approach to Nontraumatic Shock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Bret A. Nicks, John P. Gaillard
13 Approach to Traumatic Shock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
David M. Somand, Kevin R. Ward
14 Allergy and Anaphylaxis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Brian H. Rowe, Brian Grunau
15 Acid-Base Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Gabor D. Kelen, David M. Cline
16 Blood Gases, Pulse Oximetry, and Capnography. . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Casey M. Glass
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 17 Fluids and Electrolytes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Pharmacy Reviewers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xli Roberta Petrino, Roberta Marino
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliii 18 Cardiac Rhythm Disturbances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
William J. Brady, George F. Glass III
SECTION 1 Prehospital Care 1 19 Pharmacology of Antiarrhythmics and Antihypertensives. . . . . . 123
1 Emergency Medical Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sara Haney Shields, Rachel M. Holland, Benjamin Small
C. Crawford Mechem 20 Pharmacology of Vasopressors and Inotropes. . . . . . . . . . . . 133
2 Prehospital Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Sara Haney Shields, Rachel M. Holland
Brett Boggust, Andy Boggust 21 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3 Air Medical Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Tracy Leigh LeGros, Heather Murphy-Lavoie
Keith C. Stone, Stephen H. Thomas
4 Mass Gatherings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SECTION 4 Resuscitative Procedures 143
Asa M. Margolis, Michael G. Millin 22 Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Maite Anna Huis in’t Veld, Jon Mark Hirshon
SECTION 2 Disaster Management 19 23 Defibrillation and Electrical Cardioversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
5 Disaster Preparedness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Marcus E.H. Ong, Benjamin S.H. Leong, Yih Yng Ng
Robert G. Hendrickson, B. Zane Horowitz 24 Cardiac Resuscitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
6 Natural Disasters.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  Brit Long, Alex Koyfman, Venkataraman Anantharaman, Swee Han Lim,
Lisa D. Mills, Trevor J. Mills Marcus E. H. Ong, Tan Boon Kiat Kenneth, James E. Manning
7 Bomb, Blast, and Crush Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 25 Resuscitation in Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Michael J. Bono, Pinchas (Pinny) Halpern Boyd D. Burns, Emily C.S. Fisher
8 Chemical Disasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 26 Post–Cardiac Arrest Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
B. Zane Horowitz, Robert G. Hendrickson Benjamin S. Abella, Bentley J. Bobrow
9 Bioterrorism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 27 Ethical Issues of Resuscitation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Joe Suyama Catherine A. Marco
10 Radiation Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 28 Noninvasive Airway Management and Supraglottic Airways. . . . 173
Annette M. Lopez, Jennifer A. Stephani Jestin N. Carlson, Henry E. Wang

vii

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 viii   Contents

29A Tracheal Intubation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 50 Cardiogenic Shock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Henry E. Wang, Jestin N. Carlson David E. Manthey, Bret A. Nicks
29B Mechanical Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 51 Low-Probability Acute Coronary Syndrome.. . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Skyler Lentz, Patricia Ruth Atchinson, Matthew A. Roginski Kathleen Hosmer, Chadwick D. Miller
30 Surgical Airways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 52 Syncope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Keith Murray, Alanna C. Peterson, Donald M. Yealy James Quinn
31 Vascular Access.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 53 Acute Heart Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Chris Wyatt Alan B. Storrow, Brian Bales, Sean P. Collins
32 Hemodynamic Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 54 Valvular Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Bachar Hamade, David T. Huang William D. Alley
33 Cardiac Pacing and Implanted Defibrillation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 55 Cardiomyopathies and Pericardial Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Swee Han Lim, Wee Siong Teo, Venkataraman Anantharaman Manpreet Singh, James T. Niemann
34 Pericardiocentesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 56 Venous Thromboembolism Including Pulmonary Embolism. . . . 389
Carolyn K. Synovitz, Eric J. Brown Jeffrey A. Kline
57 Systemic Hypertension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
SECTION 5 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Procedural Sedation 229 Brigitte M. Baumann
35 Acute Pain Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 58 Pulmonary Hypertension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
James Ducharme John C. Greenwood, Michael Winters
36 Local and Regional Anesthesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 59 Aortic Dissection and Related Aortic Syndromes. . . . . . . . . . 412
Michael A. Gibbs, Teresa Wu Gary A. Johnson, Louise A. Prince
37 Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in Adults.. . . . . . . . . . . . 248 60 Aneurysmal Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Justin G. Myers, Jennifer Kelly Louise A. Prince, Gary A. Johnson
38 Chronic Pain.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 61 Arterial Occlusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
David M. Cline David Carr, Anna K. Nowacki

SECTION 6 Wound Management 267 SECTION 8 Pulmonary Disorders 425

39 Wound Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 62 Respiratory Distress.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Adam J. Singer, Judd E. Hollander Joseph Stephan Stapczynski
40 Wound Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 63 Hemoptysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Adam J. Singer, Judd E. Hollander Troy Christian Sims
41 Wound Closure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 64 Acute Bronchitis and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. . . . . . 436
Adam J. Singer, Judd E. Hollander Cedric W. Lefebvre
42 Face and Scalp Lacerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 65 Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Aspiration Pneumonia,
Wendy C. Coates and Noninfectious Pulmonary Infiltrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
43 Arm, Forearm, and Hand Lacerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Eric Anderson, Simone French, Gerald E. Maloney
Moira Davenport 66 Lung Empyema and Abscess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
44 Thigh, Leg, and Foot Lacerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Sharon E. Mace, Eric Anderson
Moira Davenport 67 Tuberculosis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
45 Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Brit Long, Alex Koyfman
Richard Lammers, Joshua Mastenbrook 68 Pneumothorax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
46 Puncture Wounds and Bites.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Bret A. Nicks, David E. Manthey
James Quinn 69 Acute Asthma and Status Asthmaticus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
47 Postrepair Wound Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Tadahiro Goto, Kohei Hasegawa
Adam J. Singer, Judd E. Hollander, Joseph Stephan Stapczynski 70 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Craig G. Bates
SECTION 7 Cardiovascular Disease 329
48 Chest Pain.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 SECTION 9 Gastrointestinal Disorders 473
Lane M. Smith, Simon A. Mahler 71 Acute Abdominal Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
49 Acute Coronary Syndromes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 David A. Masneri, Mary Claire O’Brien
Deborah B. Diercks, Judd E. Hollander 72 Nausea and Vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Bophal Sarha Hang, Jeffrey S. Ditkoff, Alex Koyfman, Brit Long

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 Contents   ix

73 Disorders Presenting Primarily With Diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . 484 SECTION 11 Obstetrics and Gynecology 607
Nicholas E. Kman, Howard A. Werman, Sarah M. Greenberger 96 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
74 Constipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 Bophal Sarha Hang
Shawn R. Wassmuth, Elizabeth C. Oehler 97 Abdominal and Pelvic Pain in the Nonpregnant Female. . . . . . 612
75 Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Melanie Heniff, Heather R.B. Fleming
Christopher M. Ziebell, Andrew D. Kitlowski, 98 Ectopic Pregnancy and Emergencies in the
Janna Welch, Phillip Friesen First 20 Weeks of Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
76 Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Heather A. Heaton
Bruce Lo 99 Comorbid Disorders in Pregnancy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
77 Esophageal Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 Lori J. Whelan
Michael J. Bono 100 Maternal Emergencies After 20 Weeks of Pregnancy
78 Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastritis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 and in the Peripartum Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Angela M. Bogle, Matthew C. Gratton Janet S. Young
79 Pancreatitis and Cholecystitis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 101 Emergency Delivery.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Bart Besinger, Christine R. Stehman Sarah Elisabeth Frasure, Kathleen Kerrigan
80 Hepatic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 102 Vulvovaginitis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Susan R. O’Mara, Lauren Wiesner Ciara J. Barclay-Buchanan, Melissa A. Barton
81 Acute Appendicitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 103 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
E. Paul DeKoning Brian Weiss, Suzanne M. Shepherd
82 Diverticulitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 104 Breast Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Autumn Graham Bophal Sarha Hang
83 Bowel Obstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 105 Complications of Gynecologic Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Timothy G. Price Nikki M. Binz
84 Hernias. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Don Byars, Turan Kayagil SECTION 12 Pediatrics 669
85 Anorectal Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 106 Emergency Care of Children.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
Jeremy G. Berberian, Brian E. Burgess Garth D. Meckler
86 Gastrointestinal Procedures and Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 107 Neonatal and Pediatric Transport.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Michael D. Witting Daniel G. Ostermayer
87 Complications of General Surgical Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . 555 108 Resuscitation of Neonates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
Edmond A. Hooker Marc F. Collin
109 Resuscitation of Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
SECTION 10 Renal and Genitourinary Disorders 563 William E. Hauda, II
88 Acute Kidney Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 110 Pediatric Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
Richard Sinert, Peter R. Peacock, Jr. Genevieve Ernst
89 Rhabdomyolysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 111 Minor Head Injury and Concussion in Children. . . . . . . . . . . 698
Francis L. Counselman Paul M.A. Korn, Franz Babl
90 End-Stage Renal Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 112 Cervical Spine Injury in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . 706
J. Hayes Calvert, David M. Cline Julie C. Leonard
91 Urinary Tract Infections and Hematuria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 113 Intubation and Ventilation of Infants and Children.. . . . . . . . 710
Kim L. Askew Matthew L. Hansen, Carl Eriksson
92 Acute Urinary Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 114 Vascular Access in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
David E. Manthey, David J. Story Matthew L. Hansen
93 Male Genital Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 115 Pain Management and Procedural Sedation for
Jonathan E. Davis Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
94 Urologic Stone Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 Samina Ali, Naveen Poonai
David E. Manthey, Bret A. Nicks 116 Neonatal Emergencies and Common Neonatal Problems.. . . . . 731
95 Complications of Urologic Procedures and Devices. . . . . . . . . 602 Quynh H. Doan, Deepak S. Manhas
Elaine B. Josephson, Benjamin Azan

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 x   Contents

117 Brief Resolved Unexplained Events and Apparent 141 Pediatric Orthopedic Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904
Life-Threatening Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 Kathy Boutis
Ilene Claudius, Joel Tieder 142 Rashes in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
118 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 Michael Nguyen, Amy L. Dunn
Erik Akopian, Ilene Claudius, Joel Tieder 143 Sickle Cell Disease in Children.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944
119 Fever and Serious Bacterial Illness in Infants and Children. . . . . 746 John P. Marshall
David M. Rodriguez, Jo-Ann O. Nesiama, Vincent J. Wang 144 Hematologic Emergencies in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . 949
120 Meningitis in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 Jessica A. Bailey, Megan Mickley
Amy Levine 145 Oncologic Emergencies in Infants and Children.. . . . . . . . . . 955
121 Ear and Mastoid Disorders in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . 756 Jessica A. Bailey, Megan Mickley
Carmen M. Coombs 146 Metabolic Emergencies in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . 965
122 Eye Emergencies in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 Nadeem Qureshi, Irene A. Oriaifo
Janeva Kircher, Andrew Dixon 147 Diabetes in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971
123 Nose and Sinus Disorders in Infants and Children.. . . . . . . . . 772 Adam E. Vella
Joanna S. Cohen, Dewesh Agrawal 148 The Child With Special Healthcare Needs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976
124 Mouth and Throat Disorders in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . 775 Thomas Abramo, Nicholas W. Porter, Samuel T. Selby
Derya Caglar, Richard Kwun 149 Behavioral Disorders in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982
125 Neck Masses in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782 Quynh H. Doan, Tyler R. Black
Charles E.A. Stringer, Vikram Sabhaney 150 Child Abuse and Neglect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988
126 Stridor and Drooling in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . 789 Margaret Colbourne, Michelle Clarke
Rushi R. Parikh, Craig J. Huang
127 Wheezing in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 SECTION 13 Infectious Diseases 997
Gabrielle Freire, Allan Evan Shefrin, Roger Zemek 151 Sepsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997
128 Pneumonia in Infants and Children.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 Michael A. Puskarich, Alan E. Jones
Kevin M. Overmann, Todd A. Florin 152 Soft Tissue Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005
129 Congenital and Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease.. . . . . . . . . 819 Elizabeth W. Kelly
Esther L. Yue, Garth D. Meckler 153 Sexually Transmitted Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013
130 Syncope, Dysrhythmias, and ECG Interpretation in Children. . . . 835 Karen D. Serrano
Andrew Dixon 154 Serious Viral Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024
131 Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Dehydration in Infants and Children. . . 842 Sukhjit S. Takhar, Greg Moran
Stephen B. Freedman, Jennifer Thull-Freedman 155 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032
132 Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy in Infants and Children. . . . . . . 851 Catherine A. Marco, Kamna S. Balhara, Richard E. Rothman
Melissa Chan, Paul Enarson 156 Endocarditis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043
133 Acute Abdominal Pain in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . 857 Daniel Saul Brenner, Catherine A. Marco, Richard E. Rothman
Ross J. Fleischman 157 Tetanus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048
134 Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . 864 Alan X. You, Donna L. Carden, Joel Moll
Sarah M. Reid 158 Rabies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
135 Urinary Tract Infection in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . 870 Zachary I. Willis, David J. Weber
Benetta Chin, Sim Grewal 159 Malaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057
136 Pediatric Urologic and Gynecologic Disorders.. . . . . . . . . . . 874 Malcolm E. Molyneux
Deborah R. Liu 160 Food and Waterborne Illnesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063
137 Renal Emergencies in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 Lane M. Smith, Simon A. Mahler
Andrew Dixon, Brandy Stauffer 161 Zoonotic Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070
138 Seizures in Infants and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888 Bryan B. Kitch, John T. Meredith
Maija Holsti 162 Global Travelers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079
139 Headache in Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 Shawn M. D’Andrea, Annelies De Wulf
David Sheridan, Garth D. Meckler 163 Occupational Exposures, Infection Control,
140 Altered Mental Status in Children.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 and Standard Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092
Melisa S. Tanverdi, Sarah A. Mellion Charissa B. Pacella

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SECTION 14 Neurology 1101 187 Cocaine and Amphetamines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1238

164 Neurologic Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 Rachel S. Wightman, Jeanmarie Perrone
J. Stephen Huff, Andrew D. Perron 188 Hallucinogens.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1242
165 Headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107 Utsha Khatri, David H. Jang
Alex Koyfman, Brit Long 189 Salicylates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1248
166 Spontaneous Subarachnoid and Intracerebral Hemorrhage. . . . 1114 Rachel Levitan, Frank LoVecchio
Anna M. Nelson, Caitlin A. Mase, O. John Ma 190 Acetaminophen.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252
167 Stroke Syndromes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119 Rachel S. Wightman, Lewis S. Nelson
Steven Go 191 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259
168 Altered Mental Status and Coma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137 Jonathan de Olano, Rana Biary
M. Kathryn Mutter, J. Stephen Huff 192 Methylxanthines and Nicotine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262
169 Ataxia and Gait Disturbances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142 Chip Gresham, Daniel E. Brooks
J. Stephen Huff 193 Digitalis Glycosides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267
170 Vertigo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145 Michael Levine, Aaron Skolnik
Brian Goldman, Peter Johns 194 Beta-Blockers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1270
171 Seizures and Status Epilepticus in Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153 Matthew K. Riddle, Christian Tomaszewski
Josh Kornegay 195 Calcium Channel Blockers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1275
172 Acute Peripheral Neurologic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159 Clifford P. Masom, Christian Tomaszewski
Nachi Gupta, Phillip Andrus 196 Antihypertensives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279
173 Chronic Neurologic Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165 Frank LoVecchio, Dan Quan
Tarina L. Kang, Tiffany M. Abramson 197 Anticonvulsants.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283
174 Central Nervous System and Spinal Infections. . . . . . . . . . . 1172 Frank LoVecchio
Mary E. Tanski, O. John Ma 198 Iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289
175 Central Nervous System Procedures and Devices. . . . . . . . . . 1179 Stephanie H. Hernandez, Lewis S. Nelson
Jay G. Ladde 199 Hydrocarbons and Volatile Substances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292
C. William Heise, Frank LoVecchio
SECTION 15 Toxicology 1187 200 Caustic Ingestions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296
176 General Management of Poisoned Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . 1187 Nicholas J. Connors, Wallace A. Carter
Shaun Greene 201 Pesticides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300
177 Cyclic Antidepressants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194 Shaun Greene
Frank LoVecchio 202 Anticholinergics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1309
178 Atypical and Serotonergic Antidepressants.. . . . . . . . . . . . 1199 Frank LoVecchio
Frank LoVecchio, Erik G. Mattison 203 Metals and Metalloids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1312
179 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204 Eddie Charles Michael Garcia, Lewis S. Nelson
Frank LoVecchio 204 Industrial Toxins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318
180 Antipsychotics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208 Chip Gresham, Frank LoVecchio
Michael Levine, Frank LoVecchio 205 Vitamins and Herbals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1323
181 Lithium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212 Michael Levine
Anita Mudan, David H. Jang 206 Antimicrobials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1327
182 Barbiturates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1214 Nicholas J. Connors, Wallace A. Carter
Chip Gresham, Frank LoVecchio 207 Dyshemoglobinemias.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1329
183 Benzodiazepines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215 Brenna M. Farmer, Lewis S. Nelson
Dan Quan
184 Nonbenzodiazepine Sedatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219 SECTION 16 Environmental Injuries 1333
Frank LoVecchio 208 Cold Injuries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333
185 Alcohols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222 Michael T. Paddock
Jennifer P. Cohen, Dan Quan 209 Hypothermia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337
186 Opioids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1232 Douglas J.A. Brown
Jennifer S. Love, Jeanmarie Perrone 210 Heat Emergencies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345
Frank LoVecchio

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211 Bites and Stings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350 234 Clotting Disorders.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1474

Aaron Schneir, Richard F. Clark Jessie G. Nelson
212 Snakebite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1358 235 Hemophilias and von Willebrand’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1478
Richard C. Dart, Julian White Jonathan A. “Drew” Clare, Robin R. Hemphill
213 Marine Trauma and Envenomation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1362 236 Sickle Cell Disease and Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias. . . . . . . 1482
John J. Devlin, Kevin J. Knoop Brit Long, Alex Koyfman
214 Diving Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1368 237 Acquired Hemolytic Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1490
Charlotte A. Sadler, Brian K. Snyder Laurie Ann Dixon, Robin R. Hemphill
215 Drowning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374 238 Transfusion Therapy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1494
Stephen John Cico, Linda Quan Clinton J. Coil, Sally A. Santen
216 High-Altitude Disorders.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376 239 Thrombotics and Antithrombotics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500
Chris Davis, Kurt Power Eifling David E. Slattery, Charles V. Pollack, Jr
217 Thermal Burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384 240 Emergency Complications of Malignancy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513
E. Paul DeKoning Patricia Brock, Maria T. Cruz-Carreras
218 Chemical Burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391
Anthony F. Pizon, Michael Lynch SECTION 19 Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat, and Oral Disorders 1523
219 Electrical and Lightning Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1396 241 Eye Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1523
Caitlin Bailey Richard A. Walker, Srikar Adhikari
220 Mushroom Poisoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404 242 Ear Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1560
Anne F. Brayer Kathleen Hosmer
221 Poisonous Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410 243 Face and Jaw Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566
Betty Chen, Lewis S. Nelson Stephanie A. Lareau, Corey R. Heitz
222 Carbon Monoxide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414 244 Nose and Sinuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1572
Gerald E. Maloney Henderson D. McGinnis
245 Oral and Dental Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579
SECTION 17 Endocrine Disorders 1419 Ronald W. Beaudreau
223 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419 246 Neck and Upper Airway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1594
Nikhil Goyal, Adam Schlichting Nicholas D. Hartman
224 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424 247 Complications of Airway Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1600
Mohammad Jalili, Mahtab Niroomand Casey D. Bryant
225 Diabetic Ketoacidosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1433
Andrew Nyce, Richard Byrne, Cary L. Lubkin, Michael E. Chansky SECTION 20 Dermatology 1607
226 Ketoacidotic Syndromes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441 248 Initial Evaluation and Management of Skin Disorders. . . . . . . 1607
Debra Perina, William A. Woods William Rushton, William J. Brady
227 Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1443 249 Generalized Skin Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1623
Charles S. Graffeo William J. Brady, Amit Anil Kumar Pandit, Mark R. Sochor
228 Hypothyroidism and Myxedema Crisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1447 250 Skin Disorders: Face and Scalp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629
Alzamani Mohammad Idrose Sam Wu, Diana B. McShane, Dean S. Morrell
229 Hyperthyroidism and Thyroid Storm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1450 251 Skin Disorders: Trunk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635
Alzamani Mohammad Idrose Katharine Kenyon, Dean S. Morrell, Diana B. McShane
230 Adrenal Insufficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457 252 Skin Disorders: Groin and Skinfolds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1651
Alzamani Mohammad Idrose Alexandra E. Zeitany, Diana B. McShane, Dean S. Morrell
253 Skin Disorders: Extremities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1655
SECTION 18 Hematologic and Oncologic Disorders 1461 Heather Holahan, Dean S. Morrell, Diana B. McShane
231 Anemia and Polycythemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1461
Michael Billet, Robin R. Hemphill SECTION 21 Trauma 1669
232 Hemostasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1464 254 Trauma in Adults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1669
Stephen John Cico Peter A. Cameron, Barry J. Knapp, William Teeter
233 Acquired Bleeding Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469 255 Trauma in the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1677
Robert W. Shaffer, Sally A. Santen Ross J. Fleischman, O. John Ma

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256 Trauma in Pregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1680 SECTION 23 Musculoskeletal Disorders 1881

Ciara J. Barclay-Buchanan, Melissa A. Barton 279 Neck and Back Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1881
257 Head Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683 David Della-Giustina, Jeffrey Dubin
David W. Wright, Lisa H. Merck 280 Shoulder Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1888
258 Spine Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1696 David Della-Giustina, David Hile
Steven Go 281 Hip and Knee Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1894
259 Trauma to the Face. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1714 Kelly P. O’Keefe
Tarlan Hedayati, Dhara P. Amin 282 Systemic Rheumatic Diseases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905
260 Trauma to the Neck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1722 Rachel M. Wolfe, Andrew C. Seymore, R. Darrell Nelson
Ashley S. Bean 283 Nontraumatic Disorders of the Hand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914
261 Pulmonary Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729 Carl A. Germann
Yvonne L. Wang, David Jones 284 Joints and Bursae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1920
262 Cardiac Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1742 John H. Burton, Timothy J. Fortuna
Brit Long, Alex Koyfman 285 Soft Tissue Problems of the Foot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1929
263 Abdominal Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751 Mitchell C. Sokolosky
Anthony A. Ferroggiaro, O. John Ma
264 Trauma to the Flank and Buttocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755 SECTION 24 Psychosocial Disorders 1933
Amy M. Stubbs 286 Mental Health Disorders: ED Evaluation and Disposition. . . . . . 1933
265 Genitourinary Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1757 Veronica Tucci, Nidal Moukaddam
Regina C. Mysliwiec 287 Acute Agitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1937
266 Trauma to the Extremities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1762 Michael Wilson
James Heilman 288 Mental Health Disorders of the Elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1940
Christina L. Shenvi
SECTION 22 Orthopedics 1767 289 Mood and Anxiety Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1946
267 Initial Evaluation and Management of Orthopedic Injuries. . . . 1767 Tracy M. DeSelm
Ryanne J. Mayersak 290 Psychoses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1952
268 Injuries to the Hand and Digits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1782 Adam Z. Tobias
Brit Long, Alex Koyfman 291 Eating Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1956
269 Wrist Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1794 Gemma C.L. Bornick
Brit Long, Alex Koyfman 292 Substance Use Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1959
270 Elbow and Forearm Injuries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1809 Kathryn Hawk, Elizabeth A. Samuels,
Yvonne C. Chow, Stewart W. Lee Scott G. Weiner, Gail D’Onofrio, Edward Bernstein
271 Shoulder and Humerus Injuries.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1821
Lars Bjoernsen, Alexander Ebinger SECTION 25 Abuse and Assault 1967
272 Pelvis Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1836 293 Female and Male Sexual Assault. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1967
Ciara J. Barclay-Buchanan, Melissa A. Barton Lisa A. Moreno-Walton
273 Hip and Femur Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1842 294 Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1971
Chris Courtney Cameron Crandall, Sylvia Gonzalez Alden
274 Knee Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1850 295 Abuse of the Elderly and Impaired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1974
Rachel Bengtzen Jonathan Glauser, Fredric M. Hustey
275 Leg Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1859
Andrea K. Weiers, Paul Haller SECTION 26 Special Situations 1979
276 Ankle Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1862 296 Injection Drug Users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1979
Talib Omer, Margarita Santiago-Martinez Suzanne M. Shepherd
277 Foot Injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 297 The Transplant Patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1984
Talib Omer, Margarita Santiago-Martinez Brit Long, Alex Koyfman
278 Compartment Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1876 298 The Patient with Morbid Obesity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994
Maxwell A. Beck, Paul Haller Joanne Williams

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 xiv   Contents

299 The Transgender Patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1997 303 Legal Issues in Emergency Medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014
Monica L. Gaddis, Frances W. Grimstad Jonathan E. Siff, Bryan E. Baskin
300 Palliative Care.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000
Justin K. Brooten
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025
301 Death Notification and Advance Directives. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2004
Lindsay M. Weaver, Cherri D. Hobgood
302 Military Medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007
D. Aaron Baker, Alex P. Keller, IV,
Ryan M. Knight, Sarah Goss, Jared A. Sutton,
Nicholas D. Drakos, Michael A. Bellamy

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 Contributors

Benjamin S. Abella, MD, MPhil, FAHA, FACEP [26] William D. Alley, MD, FACEP, RDMS [54]
Professor and Vice Chair for Research Assistant Professor
Director, Center for Resuscitation Science Wake Forest School of Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Dhara P. Amin, FACEP [259]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Associate Program Director
Cook County Emergency Medicine
Thomas Abramo, MD, FAAP, FACEP [148] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Rush Medical College
University of Arkansas School of Medical Sciences Chicago, Illinois
Little Rock, Arkansas
Venkataraman Anantharaman, MBBS, FRCP
Tiffany M. Abramson, MD [173] (Edin), FRCS Ed (A&E), FAMS [24, 33]
Assistant Professor Senior Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine Singapore General Hospital
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Clinical Professor, National University of Singapore
LAC+USC Medical Center Adjunct Professor, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
Los Angeles, California Singapore

Srikar Adhikari, MD, MS [241] Eric Anderson, MD, MBA, FACEP, FAAEM [65, 66]
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
Professor of Emergency Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine
Chief, Section of Emergency Ultrasound Case Western Reserve University
Department of Emergency Medicine Cleveland, Ohio
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Phillip Andrus, MD [172]
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine
Dewesh Agrawal, MD [123] Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine New York, New York
George Washington University School of Medicine
Director, Pediatric Residency Program Kim L. Askew, MD [91]
Children’s National Medical Center
Washington, DC Associate Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Erik Akopian, MD [118] Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Clinical Professor
LAC+USC Medical Center Patricia Ruth Atchinson, DO [29B]
Los Angeles, California Assistant Professor of Medicine
Clinical Educator Sections of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
Arrowhead Regional Medical Center Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Colton, California Lebanon, New Hampshire

Sylvia Gonzalez Alden, MD [294] Benjamin Azan, MD [95]

Assistant Professor Attending Physician
Associate Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Ochsner Health System
Program New Orleans, Louisiana
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico Franz Babl, MD, MPH [111]
Professor of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Melbourne
Samina Ali, MD, FRCPC(PEM) [115] Paediatric Emergency Physician, Royal Children’s Hospital
Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Head, Emergency Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry The Royal Children’s Hospital
University of Alberta Melbourne, Australia
Edmonton, Alberta
xv

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 xvi   Contributors

Caitlin Bailey, MD [219] Brigitte M. Baumann, MD, MSCE [57]

Clinical Assistant Professor Professor of Emergency Medicine
University of California, San Francisco Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Clerkship Director, Assistant Program Director Camden, New Jersey
Emergency Medicine Residency Program
Highland Hospital Ashley S. Bean, MD, MA, FACEP, FAAEM, FAWM,
Alameda Health System FIFEM [260]
Oakland, California Professor of Emergency Medicine
Director, Global Health and International EM Tract
Jessica A. Bailey, MD, FAAP [144, 145] Associate Director, Global Health and Service Honors Tract for
Assistant Professor Medical Students
Oregon Health & Science University Assistant Director, Ultrasound Fellowship
Associate Program Director Member, Division of Emergency Ultrasound
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Oregon Health & Science University Little Rock, Arkansas
Portland, Oregon
Ronald W. Beaudreau, DMD, MD [245]
D. Aaron Baker, MD [302] Chief of Emergency Services
Command Surgeon Jiahui International Hospital
1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Fort Bragg, North Carolina Emergency Physician
University Hospital Summerville
Brian Bales, MD, DTM&H [53] Augusta, Georgia
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine Maxwell A. Beck, MD [278]
Vanderbilt University Medical Center Resident Physician
Nashville, Tennessee Regions Hospital/HealthPartners Institute Emergency Medicine
Residency
Kamna S. Balhara, MD, MA [155] Saint Paul, Minnesota
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine Michael A. Bellamy, DO [302]
Assistant Residency Program Director Staff Physician
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Womack Army Medical Center
Baltimore, Maryland Fort Bragg, North Carolina

Ciara J. Barclay-Buchanan, MD, FACEP [102, 256, 272] Rachel Bengtzen, MD [274]
Associate Professor (CHS) Assistant Professor
Associate Vice Chair of Operations Department of Emergency Medicine
BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Department of Family Medicine
Madison, Wisconsin Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon
Melissa A. Barton, MD [102, 256, 272]
Clinical Assistant Professor Jeremy G. Berberian, MD [85]
Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
Sparrow Hospital Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine Associate Director of Emergency Medicine Residency Education
East Lansing, Michigan Christiana Care Health System
Newark, Delaware
Bryan E. Baskin, DO, FACEP [303]
Assistant Professor of Medicine Edward Bernstein, MD, FACEP [292]
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Professor of Emergency Medicine
Case Western Reserve University Boston University School of Medicine
Associate Quality Improvement Officer Professor of Community Health Science
Emergency Services Institute Boston University School of Public Health
Cleveland Clinic Director of Faster Paths to Treatment
Cleveland, Ohio Boston Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts
Craig G. Bates, MD, MS [70]
Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Bart Besinger, MD [79]
Case Western Reserve University Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine
Attending Physician, MetroHealth Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine
Medical Director, Metro Life Flight Indiana University School of Medicine
Cleveland, Ohio Indianapolis, Indiana

Tintinalli_FM_p000i-xliv.indd 16 8/5/19 12:40 PM

 Contributors   xvii

Rana Biary, MD [191] Michael J. Bono, MD [7, 77]

Assistant Professor Professor
NYU University Eastern Virginia Medical School
Program Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship Vice Chair
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Student Clerkship Director
NYU School of Medicine Emergency Medicine Residency Program
New York City, New York Eastern Virginia Medical School
Norfolk, Virginia
Michael Billet, MD [231]
Assistant Professor Gemma C. L. Bornick, MD, FACEP [291]
University of Maryland Emergency Medicine
Clinical Adjunct Assistant Professor
University of Maryland School of Medicine
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Mercy Medical Center
Emergency Department Chair & Medical Director
Baltimore, Maryland
Aurora BayCare Medical Center
Nikki M. Binz, MD [105] Green Bay, Wisconsin
Clinical Associate Professor
University of North Carolina School of Medicine Kathy Boutis, MD, FRCPC, MSc [141]
Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Program Emergency Physician, Division of Emergency Medicine
Chapel Hill, North Carolina Senior Associate Scientist, Research Institute
ImageSim, Academic Director
Lars Bjoernsen, MD, PhD, FACEP, FEBEEM [271] The Hospital for Sick Children
Associate Professor Professor of Pediatrics, University of Toronto
Program Director, Emergency Department Toronto, Ontario
Clinic of Emergency Medicine and Prehospital Care
St. Olav’s University Hospital William J. Brady, MD, FACEP [18, 248, 249]
Trondheim, Norway Professor of Emergency Medicine, Medicine, and Nursing
Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor Vice Chair for Faculty Affairs
BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine
School of Medicine and Public Health The David A. Harrison Distinguished Educator
University of Wisconsin Chair, Resuscitation Committee
Madison, Wisconsin University of Virginia Health System
Operational Medical Director
Tyler R. Black, MD, FRCPC [149] Albemarle County Fire Rescue
Clinical Assistant Professor Charlottesville, Virginia
University of British Columbia
Medical Director, CAPE Unit
BC Children’s Hospital Anne F. Brayer, MD [220]
Provincial Health Services Authority Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics
Vancouver, British Columbia University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
University of Rochester Medical Center
Bentley J. Bobrow, MD, FACEP [26] Rochester, New York
Professor and Chairman
John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Distinguished Chair Daniel Saul Brenner, MD, PhD [156]
Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine
McGovern Medical School @UTHealth Johns Hopkins Hospital
Chief of Emergency Services Baltimore, Maryland
Memorial Hermann Hospital—TMC
Houston, Texas
Patricia Brock, MD [240]
Andy Boggust, MD [2] Associate Professor
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Deputy Chair
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Department of Emergency Medicine
Mayo Clinic Medical Director of the Emergency Center
Rochester, Minnesota University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas
Brett Boggust, BSEMS [2]
Department of Emergency Medical Services Daniel E. Brooks, MD [192]
Creighton University Clinical Professor of Emergency and Internal Medicine
Omaha, Nebraska University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix
Department of Medical Toxicology
Angela M. Bogle, MD [78] Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix
Assistant Professor Phoenix, Arizona
Emergency Medicine
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine
Truman Medical Center Emergency Department
Kansas City, Missouri

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 xviii   Contributors

Justin K. Brooten, MD [300] Don Byars, MD, RDMS, RDCS [84]

Assistant Professor Associate Professor
Emergency and Palliative Medicine Associate Program Director
Wake Forest School of Medicine Emergency Ultrasound Fellowship Director
Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School
Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Norfolk, Virginia
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Wake Forest Baptist Health Richard Byrne, MD [225]
Winston-Salem, North Carolina Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
Douglas J.A. Brown, MD, FRCPC [209] Associate Program Director
Clinical Assistant Professor Emergency Medicine Residency Program
University of British Columbia, Department of Emergency Cooper University Hospital
Medicine Camden, New Jersey
Emergency Physician, Royal Columbian Hospital
New Westminster, British Columbia Derya Caglar, MD [124]
Associate Professor, Pediatrics
Eric J. Brown, MD, MS, FACEP [34] University of Washington
Program Director
Attending Staff Physician Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship
US Acute Care Solutions Seattle Children’s Hospital
St. Francis Health System Seattle, Washington
Trauma Emergency Center
Tulsa, Oklahoma J. Hayes Calvert, DO [90]
Chief Medical Officer
Casey D. Bryant, MD [247] Emergency Department Associate Medical Director
Assistant Professor Emergency Medicine/Internal Medicine
Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine
Department of Anesthesiology Wake Forest Baptist Health Wilkes Medical Center
Section on Critical Care Department of Emergency Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Community Faculty
Wake Forest Baptist Health Peter A. Cameron, MBBS, MD, FACEM [254]
Winston-Salem, North Carolina Academic Director
The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre
Brian E. Burgess, MD, PT, FACEP, FAAEM [85] Monash University
Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Melbourne, Australia
Christiana Care Health System
Sidney Kimmel Medical College Donna L. Carden, MD, MPH, FACEP [157]
Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine Professor and Chief, Faculty Development
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Emergency Medicine
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Florida
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Gainesville, Florida
Voluntary Faculty Appointment
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Jestin N. Carlson, MD, MS [28, 29A]
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Director of Resident Research Emergency Medicine Residency
School of Nursing Program
Drexel College of Medicine Saint Vincent Hospital
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Erie, Pennsylvania

Boyd D. Burns, DO, FACEP [25] David Carr, MD, FCFP, CCFP, EM, CAC [61]
George Kaiser Family Foundation Chair in Emergency Medicine Associate Professor
Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Director of Risk Management and Faculty Development
University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine University Health Network
Tulsa, Oklahoma Medical Director of Stadium Medicine
Toronto Blue Jays, Rogers Centre
John H. Burton, MD [284] Toronto, Ontario
Professor and Chair
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine Wallace A. Carter, MD [200, 206]
Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine
Carilion Clinic Weill Cornell Medicine
Roanoke, Virginia Director of Clinical and Faculty Affairs
Department of Emergency Medicine
New York Presbyterian Hospital
New York City, New York

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 Contributors   xix

Melissa Chan, MD [132] Ilene Claudius, MD [117, 118]

Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Associate Professor
Department of Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
University of British Columbia Department of Emergency Medicine
Vancouver, British Columbia Harbor-UCLA
Torrance, California
Michael E. Chansky, MD, FACEP, FAAEM [225]
Professor of Emergency Medicine David M. Cline, MD [15, 38, 90]
Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Professor and Director of Departmental Research
Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine
Cooper University Hospital Wake Forest School of Medicine
Camden, New Jersey Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Betty Chen, MD [221] Wendy C. Coates, MD [42]

Assistant Professor Emeritus Professor of Emergency Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine
University of Washington University of California
Seattle, Washington Los Angeles, California
Benetta Chin, MD, FRCPC [135] Joanna S. Cohen, MD [123]
Clinical Instructor
University of British Columbia Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physician George Washington University School of Medicine
BC Children’s Hospital Children’s National Medical Center
Vancouver, British Columbia Washington, DC

Yvonne C. Chow, MD, MSMS, CAQSM, FACEP [270] Jennifer P. Cohen, MD [185]
Associate Professor Attending Emergency Physician
Albany Medical College Kaiser Permanente San Diego
Associate Program Director San Diego, California
Emergency Medicine Residency Program Attending Emergency Physician
Albany Medical Center Mt. Graham Regional Medical Center
Albany, New York Safford, Arizona
Attending Toxicologist
Stephen John Cico, MD, Med, FAAEM, FAAP [215, 232] Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center
Assistant Dean for Graduate Medical Education Statewide Tucson, Arizona
Expansion & Faculty Development
Dean’s Office of Graduate Medical Education (GME) Clinton J. Coil, MD, MPH [238]
Indiana University School of Medicine Health Sciences Associate Clinical Professor
Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine & Pediatrics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Program Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Associate Medical Director for Quality and Safety
Division of Emergency Pediatrics Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Department of Emergency Medicine Torrance, California
Department of Pediatrics
Indiana University School of Medicine Margaret Colbourne, MD, FRCP(C) [150]
Attending Physician, Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Clinical Associate Professor
James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children
Department of Pediatrics
Indiana University Health
University of British Columbia
Indianapolis, Indiana
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
B.C. Children’s Hospital
Richard F. Clark, MD [211] Vancouver, British Columbia
Professor of Emergency Medicine
Director, Division of Medical Toxicology
UCSD Medical Center
Marc F. Collin, MD [108]
University of California Associate Professor of Pediatrics
San Diego, California Medical Director, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
MetroHealth Medical Center
Michelle Clarke, MD, FRCPC [150] Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
Clinical Instructor
Department of Pediatrics
University of British Columbia
Pediatrician
Child Protection Service Unit
Pediatric Emergency Physician
BC Children’s Hospital
Vancouver, British Columbia

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 xx   Contributors

Sean P. Collins, MD, MSc [53] Richard C. Dart, MD, PhD [212]
Professor and Executive Vice Chair Director, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center
Department of Emergency Medicine Denver Health
Director Denver, Colorado
Center for Emergency Care Research and Innovation Professor of Emergency Medicine
Vanderbilt University Medical Center University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Nashville, Tennessee Aurora, Colorado

Nicholas J. Connors, MD [200, 206] Moira Davenport, MD [43, 44]

Associate Professor Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine Temple University School of Medicine
Medical University of South Carolina Associate Residency Director, Emergency Medicine Residency
Charleston, South Carolina Allegheny General Hospital
Medical Toxicology Consultant Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Palmetto Poison Center
Columbia, South Carolina Chris Davis, MD [216]
Associate Professor
Carmen M. Coombs, MD, MPH [121] University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
Clinical Assistant Professor UCHealth
Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Aurora, Colorado
Division of Emergency Medicine
Division of Child Advocacy Jonathan E. Davis, MD [93]
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Professor and Academic Chair
Department of Emergency Medicine
Francis L. Counselman, MD, FACEP [89] Georgetown University
Chidester Endowed Chair of Emergency Medicine System Physician Chair, Graduate Medical Education
Professor and Chairman MedStar Health
Department of Emergency Medicine Washington, DC
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Emergency Physicians of Tidewater E. Paul DeKoning, MD, MS [81, 217]
Norfolk, Virginia
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
Chris Courtney, MD, FACEP [273] Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Program
President, Scottsdale Emergency Associates Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Envision Regional Director, Honor Health Lebanon, New Hampshire
Scottsdale, Arizona
David Della-Giustina, MD, FACEP, FAWM [279, 280]
Cameron Crandall, MD [294] Professor of Emergency Medicine
Professor and Vice Chair for Research Yale School of Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine Chief of Education Section
University of New Mexico Program Director of Emergency Medicine Residency
Director, LGBTQ Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Yale New Haven Hospital
Health Sciences Center Office for Diversity New Haven, Connecticut
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico Jonathan de Olano [191]
Assistant Professor of Medical Toxicology and Emergency Medicine
Maria T. Cruz-Carreras, MD [240] Emory University
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
MD Anderson Cancer Center
University of Texas Tracy M. DeSelm, MD [289]
Houston, Texas
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
Shawn M. D’Andrea, MD, MPH, FACEP [162] University of North Carolina
Attending Physician Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Tsehootsooi Medical Center
Clinical Assistant Professor John J. Devlin, MD [213]
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Arizona-Phoenix College of Medicine Commander, Medical Corps, United States Navy
Phoenix, Arizona Assistant Professor, Uniformed Services University
Program Director of Emergency Medicine Residency
Naval Medical Center Portsmouth
Portsmouth, Virginia

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 Contributors   xxi

Annelies De Wulf, MD, MPH [162] Jeffrey Dubin, MD, MBA [279]
Clinical Assistant Professor Chief Medical Officer
Louisiana State University MedStar Washington Hospital Center
Director, Division of International Medicine Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine
Associate Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Georgetown University School of Medicine
University Medical Center of New Orleans Washington, DC
New Orleans, Louisiana
James Ducharme, MD, CM, FRCP [35]
Deborah B. Diercks, MD, MSc [49] Clinical Professor of Medicine
Professor and Chair McMaster University
Department of Emergency Medicine Hamilton, Ontario
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Adjunct Professor of Family Medicine
Dallas, Texas Queen’s University
Kingston, Ontario
Jeffrey S. Ditkoff, MD [72] Humber River Hospital
Toronto, Ontario
Clinical Assistant Professor
Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine
President, International Federation for Emergency Medicine
Patient Safety Officer
Director of Operations Amy L. Dunn, DO, MPH [142]
Department of Emergency Medicine Attending Physician
Beaumont Health-Royal Oak Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Royal Oak, Michigan Lehigh Valley Health Network
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Andrew Dixon, MD, FRCPC [122, 130, 137]
Associate Professor Alexander Ebinger, MD, CAQ-SM [271]
Program Director—Pediatric Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department of Pediatrics Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Alberta Edmonton University of Colorado
Edmonton, Alberta Aurora, Colorado

Laurie Ann Dixon, MD, MPH [237] Kurt Power Eifling, MD [216]
Adjunct Physician Instructor Clinical Instructor
Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Vermont Health Network
University of Michigan Medical School Burlington, Vermont
Howell, Michigan
Paul Enarson, MD, PhD [132]
Quynh H. Doan, MDCM, MHSc, PhD [116, 149] Clinical Assistant Professor
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric BC Children’s Hospital
Division of Emergency Medicine University of British Columbia
University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia
Carl Eriksson, MD, MPH [113]
Gail D’Onofrio, MD, MS [292] Associate Professor
Professor and Chair Oregon Health & Science University
Department of Emergency Medicine Medical Capacity Officer
Yale School of Medicine Doernbecher Children’s Hospital
Chief of Emergency Services Portland, Oregon
Yale New Haven Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut Genevieve Ernst, MD, FRCPC [110]
Trauma Medical Director
Nicholas D. Drakos, MD [302] BC Children’s Hospital
Major, Medical Corps, US Army Vancouver, British Columbia
Staff Emergency Physician
Womack Army Medical Center Brenna M. Farmer, MD, MBA, MS, FAAEM, FACEP,
Fort Bragg, North Carolina FACMT [207]
Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine
Jonathan A. “Drew” Clare, MD [235] Weill Cornell Medicine
Instructor of Emergency Medicine Site Director
Johns Hopkins Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency
Baltimore, Maryland New York-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital
New York, New York

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 xxii   Contributors

Anthony A. Ferroggiaro, MD, MHA [263] Gabrielle Freire, MDCM, FRCPC, MHSc [127]
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Medicine
Oregon Health Sciences University Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine
Vice Chair and Medical Director Department of Paediatrics
OHSU Adventist Medical Center The Hospital for Sick Children
Portland, Oregon University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario
Emily C. S. Fisher, MD, FACEP [25]
Program Director and Assistant Professor
Simone French, M.B.,B.S. (UWI),
Department of Emergency Medicine MSc/DM Emergency Medicine (UWI) [65]
University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine Associate Lecturer
Tulsa, Oklahoma University of the West Indies
Medical Director, Emergency Medicine Division
University Hospital of the West Indies
Ross J. Fleischman, MD, MCR [133, 255] Kingston, Jamaica
Department of Emergency Medicine
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Phillip Friesen, DO [75]
Torrance, California
Clinical Assistant Professor
Assistant Clinical Professor Dell Medical School
UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine The University of Texas at Austin
Los Angeles, California Austin, Texas
Heather R. B. Fleming, MD [97] Monica L. Gaddis, PhD [299]
Clinical Assistant Professor Associate Professor
Marion University College of Medicine Graduate Faculty, Department of Biomedical and Health
St. Vincent Hospital Informatics, UMKC-SOM
Ascension Health Research Director, Department of Emergency Medicine,
Indianapolis, Indiana UMKC-SOM and TMC
University of Missouri Kansas City—School of Medicine
Todd A. Florin, MD, MSCE [128] (UMKC-SOM) and Truman Medical Center (TMC)
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Kansas City, Missouri
Department of Pediatrics
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine John P. Gaillard, MD [12]
Director of Research Assistant Professor
Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care
Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Department of Emergency Medicine
Head, Grainger Initiative in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department of Internal Medicine
Research Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Diseases
Chicago, Illinois Wake Forest Baptist Health
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Timothy J. Fortuna, DO [284] Eddie Charles Michael Garcia, MD [203]
Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine University of California
Carilion Clinic San Francisco, California
Roanoke, Virginia
Carl A. Germann, MD, MHPE, FACEP [283]
Sarah Elisabeth Frasure, MD, FACEP [101] Associate Professor
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine Maine Medical Center
George Washington University Hospital Tufts University School of Medicine
Washington, DC Portland, Maine

Stephen B. Freedman, MDCM, MSc, FAAP, FRCPC [131] Michael A. Gibbs, MD, FACEP, FAAEM [36]
Professor of Pediatrics Professor and Chairman
Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology Department of Emergency Medicine
Department of Pediatrics Carolinas Medical Center and Levine Children’s Hospital
University of Calgary Interim Vice President of Research
Professor in Child Health and Wellness Atrium Health
Alberta Children’s Hospital Foundation Charlotte, North Carolina
Calgary, Alberta
Casey M. Glass, MD [16]
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
Wake Forest School of Medicine and Wake Forest Baptist Health
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

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 Contributors   xxiii

George F. Glass III, MD [18] Matthew C. Gratton, MD [78]

Assistant Professor Professor and Chair
Department of Emergency Medicine Truman Medical Center
University of Virginia School of Medicine UMKC School of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia Kansas City, Missouri

Jonathan Glauser, MD, MBA, FACEP [295] Sarah M. Greenberger, MD [73]

Professor Associate Professor
Emergency Medicine Associate Residency Director
Case Western Reserve University Department of Emergency Medicine
Faculty University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Emergency Medicine Residency Training Program Little Rock, Arkansas
MetroHealth Medical Center/Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
Shaun Greene, MBChB, MSc, FACEM, FACMT [176, 201]
Steven Go, MD [167, 258] Medical Director
Victorian Poisons Information Centre
Professor of Emergency Medicine Director
Kansas City School of Medicine Austin Toxicology Service
University of Missouri Melbourne, Australia
Department of Emergency Medicine
Truman Medical Center—Hospital Hill
Kansas City, Missouri John C. Greenwood, MD [58]
Assistant Professor
Brian Goldman, MD, FACEP, FCFP [170] Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Critical Care
Emergency Physician Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care
Schwartz Reisman Emergency Centre Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Sinai Health System Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Assistant Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine Chip Gresham, MD [182, 192, 204]
University of Toronto Emergency Medicine Physician
Toronto, Ontario Middlermore Hospital
Medical Toxicologist
Sarah Goss, MD [302] The National Poisons Centre
Staff Physician Auckland, New Zealand
Fellow, Austere and Wilderness Medicine
Madigan Army Medical Center Sim Grewal, MD, FRCPC [135]
Tacoma, Washington Clinical Associate Professor
University of British Columbia
Tadahiro Goto, MD, MPH [69] Medical Director, Division of Pediatric Emergency
Research Fellow, Department of Emergency Medicine BC Children’s Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Vancouver, British Columbia
Researcher, Graduate School of Medical Sciences
University of Fukui Frances W. Grimstad, MD, MS [299]
Fukui, Japan Assistant Faculty
Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Nikhil Goyal, MD [223] Department of Surgery
Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine Boston Children’s Hospital
Wayne State University Instructor, Harvard Medical School
Director of Medical Education Boston, Massachusetts
Henry Ford Wyandotte Hospital
Director of Emergency Medicine Informatics Brian Grunau, MD, MHSc [14]
Henry Ford Health System
Detroit, Michigan Emergency Physician
St. Paul’s Hospital
Clinical Assistant Professor
Charles S. Graffeo, MD, ABEM-UHM [227] Department of Emergency Medicine
Professor and Assistant Residency Director University of British Columbia
Department of Emergency Medicine Scientist
Eastern Virginia Medical School Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences
Norfolk, Virginia Vancouver, British Columbia
Autumn Graham, MD [82]
Emergency Physicians of Tidewater
Emergency Medicine Physician with Sentara Health System
Norfolk, Virginia

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