Probability 13

C1 13 C1 13 13  2 13
= 52
 
1. (a) C2 52  51 102
5 11. (a)
C 2 10 5
P(2 heads) =   5
25 32 16 C3 5 43 2
P(all red) = 15
 
2. (a) C3 15  14 13 91
5
C3 2 C 2 10 5 12. (b)
P(3 head & 2 tails) =  
25 32 16 10
C3 10  9  8 24
P(none is red) =  
3. (a) 15
C3 15  14 13 91
P(neither 5 heads nor tails) = 1 - P(5 heads or 5 tails) 13. (c)
5 5
C5  C5 2 15 P(atleast one is red) = 1 - P(none is red)
= 1 1 
25 32 16 24 67
4. (b) = 1 
91 91
P(atleast 3 heads) 14. (a)
5 5 5
3 heads  4 heads  5 heads C  C 4  C5 5
C1 10 C 2 5 10  9  3  2  1 45
=  3  
25 25 P(only one red) = 15
C3 2 15 14  13 91
10  5  1 1 15. (d)
= 
32 2 P(one red and 2 white)
Alternate Method: 5
C1 7 C2 5  7  6  6  3  2 3
P(0 heads) = P(5 heads) = 15  
C3 2 15  14 13 13
P(1 head) = P(4 heads)
P(2 heads) = P(3 heads) 16. (a)
P(all of different colours)
1
Hence P(3 heads) + P(4 heads) + P(5 heads) = 5
C1 3 C1 7 C1 5  3  7  3  2 1 3
2  
= 15
5. (a) C3 15  14  13 13
Facourable cases = [12, 14, 16, 21, 23, 25, 32, 34, 36, 17. (a)
41, 43, 45, 52, 54, 56, 61, 63, 65] = 18
1
18 1 P(53 sundays) =
P(Sum = odd number) =  7
36 2 18. (c)
6. (a) Total cases = 25
Favourable cases = {11, 13, 15, 22, 24, 26, 31, 33, 35, Cases when both are not consonant
42, 44, 46, 51, 53, 55, 62, 64, 66} = {ab, de, ef, hi, ij, no, op, tu, uv} = 9
18 1 9 16
P(divisible by 2 or 4) =  Required probability = 1  
36 2 25 25
7. (b)
Facourable cases = {13, 22, 31, 35, 53, 26, 62, 44, 66}
=9 TYPE-1
9 1 1.1. (b)
P(divisible by 2 and 4) =  4
36 4 4
C4  1 
P(all 4 show head) =  
8. (b) 24  2 
Favourable cases = n{11, 12, 21, 14, 41, 23, 32, 16,
1.2. (a)
61, 25, 52, 34, 43} = 13
4
C3 1 C1 4 1
13 P(3 heads and 1 tail) =  4
P(prime number less than 11) = 24 2 4
36
9. (b) 1.3. (a)
P(atleast 1 tail) = 1 – P(no tail) = 1 – P(all heads)
13
C2 13 12 1 5
P(both are spades) = 52
  C5 1 31
C 2 52  51 17 =1– 1 5 
25 2 32
10. (b)
P(one heart and one spade)

-1-
 TYPE-2 2 black queens
2.1. (d) Case I: 2 out of 24 red cards = 24
C2
Favourable cases = {1, 2, 4, 6} = 4
Probability(perfect squares and even number) Case II: 2 queens out of 4 = 4 C 2
4 2 Case III: 1 red card, 1 red queen = 24
C1 2 C1
= 
6 3 Probability (both red or both queens)
2.2. (b)
Favourable cases = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66} = 6
24
C2 4 C2   24 C1 2 C1 
= 52
6 1 C2
Probability (same numbers) = 
36 6 55
2.3. (c) =
221
Favourable cases = {16, 61, 25, 52, 34, 43} = 6 3.5. (c)
6 1 4
Probability (sum 7) =  C1 13 C4
36 6 Probability (all cards of same suit)= 52
C4
2.4. (c)
Favourable cases = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66} = 6 4  13 12 11 10
=
6 1 52  51 50  49
Probability (doublet) = 
36 6 44
2.5. (c) =
4165
Favourable cases = {46, 64, 55, 65, 56} = 5
5
Probability (sum 10 or 11) = TYPE-4
36
2.6. (a) 4.1. (a)
Favourable cases = {11, 12, 21} = 3 8
C1 8 2
Probability (one red ball) = 12
 
3 1 C1 12 3
Probability (sum less than 4) = 
36 12 4.2. (b)
2.7. (a) 8
C4 8765 14
2.8. (c) Probability (all 4 red) = 12
 
Cases (doublet or total8) C4 12  1110  9 99
= {26, 62, 35, 53, 44, 11, 22, 33, 55, 66} = 10 4.3. (a)
Probability (neither doublet nor total 8) 4
C4
36  10 26 13 Probability (all 4 green) = 12
  C4
=
36 36 18
4  3  2 1 1
= 
12 1110  9 495
TYPE-3 4.4. (b)
3.1. (b) 8
C 2 4 C1
4 Probability (2 red and one green) = 12
C1 4 1 C3
P(a king) = 52
 
C1 52 13
4  3  2 1 8  7  4  3  2  1 112
3.2. (c)  
12  11 10  9 2 12 11 10 495
26
C1  2 C1 28 7 4.5. (d)
P(either red or king) = 52
 
C1 52 13 4
C3 4  3 2
P(none of the 3 balls are red) = 
3.3. (d) 12
C3 12 1110
26
C1  2 C1 2 1 1
P(red and king) =  
52
C1 52 26 =
55
3.4. (b) 4.6. (b)
There are :- 9
24 red cards (except queens) C2 98 18
P(both red) = 20
 
2 red queens C 2 20  19 95

-2-
4.7. (c) M4. (a)
7 13 6
C1  C1 7  13  2 91 C3 6 C2 20  15 75
P(one white) = 20   P(3 girls and 2 boys) = 12
 
C2 20 19 190 C5 792 198
4.8. (d) M5. (a)
7 11 5 Favourable cases = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20} = 5
C1  C1  C1
P(black or white or green) = 30 5 1
C1 P (Multiple of 4) = 
20 4
7  11  5 23 M6. (a)
= 
30 30 Favourable cases = 25 prime numbers from 1 to 100
Alternate Method 25
C2 25  24 2
There are 23 balls which are either black or white or Required Probability = 100
 
green. C 2 100  99 33
23 M7. (c)
C1 23
Probability = 30  Non prime numbers = 75
C1 30
75
C2 75  74 37
4.9. (a) Required Probability = 100
 
C 2 100  99 66
6
C3 6  5 4 5
P(all three apples) = 18
  M8. (c)
C3 18  17  16 204 Possible cases = {BoyBoy, BoyGirl, GirlBoy, GirlGirl}
=4
3
TYPE-5 P(atleast 1 Girl) =
5.1. (d) 4
M9. (c)
5
Odds against = 15
C2 15  14 21
11 P(both non defective) =  
20
 Favourable cases = 11 C 2 20  19 38
Unfavourable cases = 5 M10.(a)
Total odds = 16 5
C3 15 C1 5 C4 150  5
11 P(atleast 3 defective) = 20

P(occurrence) = C4 4845
16
5.2. (b) 155 31
= 
Odds against = 5 : 7 4845 969
 favourable = 7 M11.(c)
 unfavourable = 5 Numbers which neither multiples of 2 nor 3 nor 5
Total = 12
 1  1  1
7 = 100   1     1     1    26
P(occurence) =  2  3  5
12 So, number which are multiples of 2 or 3 or 5
= 100 - 26 = 74

Miscellaneous 74
Required, Probability =
M1. (a) 100
Possible cases = {MT, TW, Wth, ThFr, FrS, SS, SM} = 7
Favourable cases = {ThFr, FrS}= 2
2
Required Probability =
7
M2. (a)
Only one envelope can never go wrong. If 9 are
correct, then the remaining has to be correct.
M3. (b)
P(atleast one women) = 1 - P(no women)
3
C2 3 2 1 3 7
= 1 5
 1  
C2 5  4 10 10

-3-