Scribd
Upload
11 views4 pages

Overview of Operating System

Uploaded by

yennamvishal1883
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views4 pages

Overview of Operating System

Uploaded by

yennamvishal1883
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Overview of Operating System

Operating System:

Definition: An interface between a user and the computer hardware and controls
the execution of all kinds of programs.

Concept:
1. an integrated set of programs that is used to manage the various resources and
overall operations of a computer system.
2. system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and
provides common service to computer programs.
3. a set of programs which control all the computer’s resources, purpose is to
provide an environment in which a user can develop application programs.
4. acts as an intermediary between a user and the computer hardware.
5. creates an operating system for user’s application program to run properly in the
computer. Without an operating system, a computer would be useless.

Objectives:
1. Convenience: makes a computer more convenient to use.
2. Efficiency: allows the computer system resources to be used in an efficient
manner.
3. Ability to evolve: constructed in such a way as to permit effective development,
testing, executing and introduction to new functions without interfering service.

Ex: UNIX, LINUX, android, Mac OS, Windows-XP/Vista/7-11,MS-DOS


Component/Structure of Operating System(4m/6m)

- diagram 1.2 – basic structure of operating system


- structure: layered structure, bottom most is hardware part of computer, top most
is user interface, between two layers are Kernal and Shell.
- Kernal is innermost layer and central controlling part of the operating system.
Kernal is core of the operating system and provides basic services for all other
parts of the operating system.
- services of a Kernal are requested by other parts of operating system or by
application programs.
- typical Kernal contains programs that are used for basic functions of an operating
system like process management, I/O devices management.
- Shell is next layer after Kernal, Software that provides an interface for users to
access services of Kernal.
- Shell is the layer of programming that understand and executes the commands
entered by user. In some system, shell is called as Command Interpreter.
- programs in user interface part either provide CLI or GUI to user. These programs
use shell’s facilities.
- A user interact with programs in UI to request use of resources and services
Components of Computer System

- diagram 1.3 – components of computer system


- computer system: collection of hardware and software components, hardware –
physical computing equipment, software – programs written to provide services to
users of system.
- computer system divided into four components.
- Hardware: physical part of machine which provides basic computing resources.
hardware devices are CPU, memory, input devices, output devices, networking
devices, other devices like motherboard, DVD writer, etc.
- Operating system: software program that enables computer hardware to
communicate and operate with computer software. without OS, computer =
useless, Ex: windows, LINUS, UNIX, Mac OS, Android etc.
- Application Programs: software which users use directly to perform tasks, these
resources used to solve the computing problem of the users. Ex: word processors,
compilers, spreadsheets, database etc.
- Users: categorized on basis of roles
- programmers: designers and producers of software developed for
themselves or others.
- operational users: responsible for installation of software, maintaining the
software, making it available to others.
- end users: actual users of application and performs specified task as per
defined.
Functions of operating system

- perform many functions but main goal – to provide interface for working on the
system by the user.
- various functions performed:
1. Memory management: deals with allocation of main memory and other storage
devices for system programs as well as user programs and data.
2. Processor management: deals with assigning processor different tasks that are
being performed by computer system.
3. Device management: deals with co-ordination and assignment of different
output and input device while one or more programs are being executed. OS
manages device communication via their drivers.
4. File management: deals with the storage of file of various storage devices to
another. allows all files to be easily changed or modified through the use of text
editors or some other files manipulation techniques.
5. Communication b/w user & computer: provides a user interface, ex: CLI, GUI
6. Security: by means of password and other similar techniques, preventing
unauthorized access to programs and data.
7. Resource allocation: OS manages all the resources of computer system. ensures
use of all resources by managing which resource is used by which process and for
how much time.
8. Coordination between user and other software: there is other software in the
system which is coordinated by the OS so that users can access them efficiently,
like assembles, compilers etc.

You might also like