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ICS Lab14

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11 views5 pages

ICS Lab14

Uploaded by

nihib66608
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Communication Systems

Lab
CEL-468

Lab Journal 14
Submitted to: Ma’am Amna Waheed

Name: Raif Ali


Class: BCE-7A
Enrollment no.: 01-132192-027

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING


BAHRIA UNIVERSITY | ISLAMABAD CAMPUS
Lab # 14
Open Ended Lab

Objective: The objective of performing this lab is to convert the analogue to digital signal
using the well-known technique called delta-modulation and to recover the original analog
signal from its DM modulated digital signal.

Equipment Required: The essential equipment required for this lab are,

 DCS7-1 (Delta Modulation)


 DCS8-1 (Delta Demodulation)
 Jumpers
 Wires
 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
 Probes

Background: The type of modulation, where the sampling rate is much higher and in
which the step size after quantization is of smaller value Δ, such a modulation is termed
as delta modulation(DM). When quality is not the main concern, DM is used to convert
analogue to digital and digital to analogue signals. The difference between subsequent
samples is encoded into n-bit data streams in differential pulse-code modulation, which is its
most basic variant. The transmitted data are condensed into a 1-bit data stream in DM. DM
requires the use of oversampling techniques, in which the analogue signal is sampled at a rate
several times higher than the Nyquist rate, to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio. Below are the
phases given for modulation and demodulation
Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:

1. For Delta Modulation, connect Jumper J1 and J2 on board DCS7-1


2. Create a I/P 500Hz /2v Sine wave on the function generator and connect it to Audio
I/P port.
3. Create a I/P 32kHz /5v TTL signal on the function generator and connect it to Clock
I/P port.
4. Observe and measure signals at TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, TP5, O/P(DM)
5. For Delta Demodulation, connect Jumper J2 and J3 on board DCS8-1
6. Observe and measure signals at TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, O/P(Audio)
Measurements and Observations:

Delta Modulation
TP1 TP2

TP3 TP4

TP5 O/P(DM)

Delta Demodulation
TP1 TP2

TP3 TP4
O/P(Audio)
Conclusion:
In this lab, we gained a foundational understanding of Delta Modulation. DM is the type of
modulation technique that converts or encodes message signal into a binary bit stream is
known as Delta Modulation. Here only 1 bit is used to encode 1 voltage level thus, the
technique allows transmission of only 1 bit per sample. We completed all the lab tasks given
to us by creating a modulated digital signal through delta modulation and demodulating it
back to the original signal. Overall, this lab was very useful for learning new concepts,
practicing hardware, and expanding critical thinking as it was an open-ended lab. Below are
some advantages and disadvantages of Delta Modulation.

Advantages Disadvantages
Cost-effective technique High bit rate.

Requires a smaller number of When the signal is too high, then the
quantization. modulator overloads.
In Delta modulation, the task of DM has poor signal to noise ratio.
transmission of signals is done at lower
channel bandwidth which makes shows
that it Delivers quick and robust data
bits.

It doesn’t exceed the maximum speech Slope overload distortion


sinusoidal amplitude.

Digital to analog and analog to digital Granular or idle noise


converter.

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