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Micro project on calculator in android

Mobile Communication & Computing (University of Mumbai)

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Internship Report
Title-Calculator App

Submitted by- Sharad Goyal

Registration No:17030141IT012

Under the Guidance of :

Chetan J Shelke

In partial fulfillment of the Course- Industry Internship Programme-IIP

in Semester VII of the Bachelor of Technology
(2017-21)

Bangalore

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Bachelor of Technology

Industry Internship Programme (IIP)

Declaration

This is to declare that the Report titled “ Calculator App” has been made for the partial
fulfillment of the Course: Industry Internship Programme (IIP) in Semester VI by me at
under the guidance of : Chetan J Shelke.

I confirm that this Report truly represents my work undertaken as a part of my Industry
Internship Programme (IIP). This work is not a replication of work done by any other
person. I also confirm that the contents of the report and the views contained therein have
been discussed and deliberated with the faculty guide.

Signature of the Student :

Name of the Student (in Capital Letters) : SHARAD GOYAL

Registration No : 17030141IT012

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Bachelor of Technology

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. Sharad Goyal Regn. No. 17030141IT012 has completed the
report titled: Calculator App under my guidance for the partial fulfillment of the Course:
Industry Internship Programme (IIP) in Semester VI of the Bachelor of Technology in
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY.

Signature of Faculty Guide:

Name of the Faculty Guide: CHETAN J SHELKE

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Acknowledgement

The task work in this report is a result of ceaseless work over a

period and drew scholarly help from different sources. I might
want to express our significant appreciation and obligation to those
people who caused us in culmination of the task. I accept this open
door to communicate my earnest thanks and profound appreciation
to each one of those individuals who expanded their wholehearted
co-activity and have encouraged me in finishing this undertaking
effectively. I am appreciative to Edufabrica Training Associates
for educating and helping me in creation the undertaking effective.
I might likewise want to thank our folks and other individual mates
for directing and empowering me all through the term of the
venture.

Sharad goyal

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Abstract_______________________________(6)
 Introduction____________________________(7)
 Company profile________________________(8)
 Project Study___________________________(11)
 Result_________________________________(41)
 Conclusion_____________________________(42)
 Learning Outcomes______________________(43)
 References______________________________(44)

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Abstract

This work was focused on the Design and usage of a

straightforward Scientific Calculator App for training association.
As we know that science and mathematics is rapidly growing, so is
the need to make the calculations fast and error free. The Scientific
calculator is a tool that completely changes mathematical equations
and sophisticated problems, making the calculations simplifies and
fast. This project work also focused on numbers and arithmetic
operation. The interface is clear and easy to use.

Interestingly, the end result of simple calculator system was its

ability to process number and operators, and provides a useful
result.
Therefore, this project will help immensely in the following way.
Easy calculating of tedious mathematical problems, easy to
retrieval of errors and it will also be of a good assistance to any
researcher on these topics.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Scientific calculator app is an android based application developed

using Android Studio. The language used to develop this
application is Java and it is based on the Android version
4.0(IceCreamSandwich) so it is compatible with almost 100% of
the android devices that are being used.

A Scientific Calculator is designed in such a way that it helps you

to calculate Engineering, Science and Mathematical problems. It is
superior to a normal calculator and allows way more functions than
a normal calculator which allows you to do four basic arithmetic
operations, i.e addition, subtraction, multiplication and addition.

TOOLS USED

1. Development Environment- ANDROID STUDIO (Version

3.0.1)

2. Programming Languages- JAVA

3. Android Version- IceCreamSandwich- 4.0

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Chapter 2: Company Profile

Ethical Edufabrica Pvt. Lmt. is an emerging training company that
offers Official Microsoft certified training in India across Delhi
and all over India in the most demanding technological courses and
focusing on providing effective and comprehensive Career
Guidance workshops in India. It offers wide range of technical
training in advanced and basic levels with brand certifications from
HP, Microsoft and EC-Council and over the past year it has
become synonym for quality Microsoft and HP certified training in
India. It has variant programs that run year around. Its service
ranges from providing Best Technical Workshop in India to short
duration trainings such as winter training and summer training.
Ethical Edufabrica Pvt. Ltd believes in paving way for our future
generation and making them strong enough to attain the best of
opportunity in their careers. Technology is a field that is on
constant change and at times it becomes impossible to track and
update the changing face of technology and that is where we come
in creating Job oriented training programs that can help students be
prepared for a competitive job world.Edufabrica offers industry
recognised trainings in the most demanding courses supervised and
conducted by industry professionals and certified by top brands
like Microsoft, HP and EC-Council.

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Arsenal contains
Workshops: Comprehensive two-day workshops in latest
technologies certified by Microsoft Technology Associate Program
and EC – Council
Training Sessions: Half to one Month long exclusive Curriculum
coverage in Advanced technologies
Associative Trainings: Trainings and Workshops with exclusive
certification from renowned industry giants
In house trainings: Specific In-house trainings in advanced
technologies
Corporate Technologies: Specifically shaped and prepared
advanced level curriculum for industry experts to get updated with
the latest in the industry
Special Summer/winter Trainings: Conducted on the most
demanded courses, these extended training focus on practical
application and preparing students for jobs in real life industry.

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Chapter 3: Project Study

1. Background

Mobile technology is the technology used for cellular

communication. Since the beginning of this millenium, a standard
cell phone has gone from being close to a basic two-route pager to
being a cell phone, GPS route gadget, an inserted internet browser
and texting customer, and a handheld game support. Numerous
sorts of versatile working frameworks are accessible for PDAs,
including Android, BlackBerry OS, iOs, Symbian, Windows
Mobile and Bada.

1.1 Android

Android is a working framework dependent on Linux with a Java

programming interface. Android is a portable working framework
(OS) created by Google. Android is the principal totally open
source portable OS. Expanding on the commitments of the open-
source Linux people group and in excess of 300 equipment,
programming, and transporter accomplices, Android has quickly
become the quickest developing portable OS.

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Android versions

1.2 Mobile Application

A Mobile application (or versatile application) is a product

application intended to run on PDAs, tablet PCs and other cell
phones. Versatile applications were initially offered for general
profitability and data recovery, including email, schedule, contacts,
and securities exchange and climate data.

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2. Introduction to Android

2.1 Android architecture

Android working framework is a heap of programming parts which

is generally partitioned into five segments and four primary layers
as shown in the circuit diagram below.

Linux kernel

At the lower part of the layers is Linux - Linux 3.6 with around
115 patches. This gives a degree of deliberation between the
gadget equipment and it contains all the basic equipment drivers
like camera, keypad, and show and so on likewise, the bit handles
all the things that Linux is great at, for example, organizing and a
huge swath of gadget drivers, which remove the torment from
interfacing to fringe equipment.

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Libraries

On top of Linux bit there is a bunch of libraries including open-

source Web program motor WebKit, notable library libc, SQLite
information base which is a helpful vault for capacity and sharing
of use information, libraries to play and record sound and video,
SSL libraries answerable for Internet security and so forth.

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Android Libraries

This classification incorporates those Java-based libraries that are

explicit to Android advancement. Instances of libraries in this
classification incorporate the application structure libraries
notwithstanding those that encourage UI building, designs drawing
and information base access. An outline of some key center
Android libraries accessible to the Android engineer is as per the
following –

 android.app − Provides access to the application model and

is the cornerstone of all Android applications.
 android.content − Facilitates content access, publishing and
messaging between applications and application
components.
 android.database − Used to access data published by
content providers and includes SQLite database management
classes.
 android.opengl − A Java interface to the OpenGL ES 3D
graphics rendering API.
 android.os − Provides applications with access to standard
operating system services including messages, system
services and inter-process communication.
 android.text − Used to render and manipulate text on a
device display.
 android.view − The fundamental building blocks of
application user interfaces.

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 android.widget − A rich collection of pre-built user

interface components such as buttons, labels, list views,
layout managers, radio buttons etc.
 android.webkit − A set of classes intended to allow web-
browsing capabilities to be built into applications.

Having covered the Java-based center libraries in the Android

runtime, it is currently an ideal opportunity to direct our
concentration toward the C/C++ based libraries contained in this
layer of the Android programming stack.

Android runtime
This is the third segment of the engineering and accessible on the
second layer from the base. This segment gives a key part called
Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a sort of Java Virtual Machine
exceptionally planned and enhanced for Android.

The Dalvik VM utilizes Linux center highlights like memory the

executives and multi-stringing, which is natural in the Java
language. The Dalvik VM empowers each Android application to
run in its own cycle, with its own case of the Dalvik virtual
machine.

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The Android runtime additionally gives a bunch of center libraries

which empower Android application engineers to compose
Android applications utilizing standard Java programming
language.

Android framework
The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level
services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application
developers are allowed to make use of these services in their
applications.

The Android framework includes the following key services −

 Activity Manager − Controls all aspects of the application

lifecycle and activity stack.

 Content Providers − Allows applications to publish and

share data with other applications.

 Resource Manager − Provides access to non-code

embedded resources such as strings, color settings and user
interface layouts.

 Notifications Manager − Allows applications to display

alerts and notifications to the user.

 View System – An extensible set of views used to create

application user interfaces.

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Applications
You will discover all the Android application at the top layer. You
will compose your application to be introduced on this layer as it
were. Instances of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser,
Games and so forth.

3. Android- Application components

Application parts are the basic structure squares of an Android
application. These segments are approximately coupled by the
application show record AndroidManifest.xml that portrays every
segment of the application and how they cooperate.

3.1 Activities

A movement is an application segment that gives a screen which

clients can connect to accomplish something, for example, dial the
telephone, snap a picture, send an email, or view a guide. Every
movement is given a window in which to draw its UI. The window
normally fills the screen, yet might be more modest than the screen
and buoy on top of different windows. An application ordinarily
comprises of numerous exercises that are inexactly bound to one
another. Regularly, one movement in an application is indicated as
the "fundamental" action, which is introduced to the client when
dispatching the application unexpectedly. Every action would then
be able to begin another movement to perform various activities.

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Each time another action begins, the past action is halted, however
the framework protects the action in a stack (the "back stack"). At
the point when another action begins, it is pushed onto the back
stack and takes client center. The back stack stands to the essential
"toward the end in, first out" stack instrument, in this way, when
the client is finished with the current movement and presses the
Back catch, it is flown from the stack (and crushed) and the past
action resumes. At the point when a movement is halted in light of
the fact that another action begins, it is advised of this adjustment
in state through the action's lifecycle callback strategies. There are
a few callback strategies that a movement may get, because of an
adjustment in its state—regardless of whether the framework is
making it, halting it, continuing it, or obliterating it—and every
callback gives you the occasion to perform explicit work that is
suitable to that state change. For example, when halted, your
movement should deliver any huge articles, for example,
organization or information base associations. At the point when
the movement resumes, you can reacquire the important assets and
resume activities that were interfered. These state changes are all
important for the action lifecycle

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3.2 Services

A Service is an application part that can perform long-running

tasks out of sight, and it doesn't give a UI. Another application
segment can begin a help, and it keeps on running in the
foundation regardless of whether the client changes to another
application. Moreover, a part can tie to an assistance to associate
with it and even perform entomb measure correspondence (IPC).
For instance, a help can deal with network exchanges, play music,
perform document I/O, or collaborate with a substance supplier, all
from the foundation.

These are the three different types of services:

1. Scheduled : An assistance is booked when an API, for example,

the Job Scheduler, presented in Android 5.0 (API level 21),
dispatches the administration. You can utilize the Job Scheduler by
enrolling occupations and indicating their necessities for
organization and timing. The framework at that point effortlessly
plans the positions for execution at the proper occasions. The Job
Scheduler gives numerous strategies to characterize administration
execution conditions.

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2. Started : An assistance is begun when an application part, (for

example, a movement) calls startService(). After it's begun, an
assistance can run in the foundation uncertainly, regardless of
whether the segment that began it is annihilated. Normally, a began
administration plays out a solitary activity and doesn't restore an
outcome to the guest. For instance, it can download or transfer a
record over the organization. At the point when the activity is
finished, the administration should stop itself.

3. Bound : A Service is bound when an application segment ties to

it by calling bindService(). A bound help offers a customer worker
interface that permits parts to cooperate with the administration,
send demands, get results, and even do as such across measures
with entomb measure correspondence (IPC). A bound assistance
runs just as long as another application segment is bound to it.
Various parts can tie to the administration on the double, yet when
every one of them unbind, the administration is pulverized.

3.3 Content providers

A substance supplier deals with a mutual arrangement of use

information. You can store the information in the record
framework, a SQLite data set, on the web, or some other
industrious stockpiling area your application can get to. A
substance supplier gives an organized interface to application
information. By means of a substance supplier your application can

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impart information to different applications. Android contains a

SQLite information base which is every now and again utilized
related to a substance supplier.

3.4 Broadcast Recievers

Broadcast Receivers essentially react to communicate messages

from different applications or from the framework itself. These
messages are at some point called occasions or expectations. For
instance, applications can likewise start broadcasts to tell different
applications that some information has been downloaded to the
gadget and is accessible for them to utilize, so this is
communicated beneficiary who will catch this correspondence and
will start fitting activity.

3.5 Intent

Intent are nonconcurrent messages which permit the application to

demand usefulness from other Android parts, for example from
administrations or exercises. An application can call a segment
straightforwardly (unequivocal Intent) or request that the Android
framework assess enlisted parts dependent on the expectation
information (certain goals). For instance the application could
execute sharing of information through an aim and all segments
which permit sharing of information would be accessible for the
client to choose. Applications register themselves to a purpose

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through an aim. Channel Intents permit an Android application to

begin and to associate with parts from other Android applications.

3.6 Using intent to launch the activities

There are discrete techniques for initiating each sort of part:

1. You can begin a movement (or give it something new to do) by

passing Intent to startActivity() or startActivityForResult() .

2. You can begin an assistance (or give new directions to a

continuous help) by passing an Intent tostartService(). Or on the
other hand you can tie to the administration by passing an Intent to
bindService().

3. You can start a transmission by passing an Intent to strategies

like sendBroadcast (), sendOrderedBroadcast (), or
sendStickyBroadcast ().

4. You can play out an inquiry to a substance supplier by calling

question on a ContentResolver.

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4. Introduction to the Development tool “Android

Studio”
Android Studio is the authority coordinated advancement climate
(IDE) for Android stage improvement. Android Studio is
uninhibitedly accessible under the apache permit. Android Studio
is planned explicitly for Android improvement. Android
application improvement can be begun on both of the
accompanying working frameworks –

1. Microsoft® Windows® 8/7/Vista/2003 (32 or 64-bit).

2. Mac® OS X® 10.8.5 or higher, up to 10.9 (Mavericks).

3. Dwarf or KDE work area.

All the necessary instruments to create Android applications are

open source and can be downloaded from the Web. Following is
the rundown of virtual products that is required prior to beginning
Android application programming.

1. Java JDK5 or later form

2. Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 6

3. Android Studio

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5. Android UI Design
5.1 Introducing layouts

Frame layout

Frame layouts are one of the least difficult design types used to
coordinate controls inside the UI of an Android application. They
are utilized less regularly than some different formats, basically on
the grounds that they are commonly used to show just one view, or
perspectives which cover. The proficiency of a casing format
settles on it a decent decision for screens containing not many view
controls (home screens, game screens with a solitary canvas, and
such). Some of the time other wasteful format plans can be
decreased to a casing design plan that is more proficient, while
different occasions a more particular format type is fitting. Casing
designs are the typical format of decision when you need to cover
sees.

Linear layout

Linear layouts are one of the easiest and most normal kinds of
designs utilized by Android engineers to arrange controls inside
their UIs. The direct design works much as its name infers: it sorts
out controls straightly in either a vertical or flat style. At the point
when the design's direction is set to vertical, all youngster controls
inside it are coordinated in a solitary segment; when the format's

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direction is set to flat, all kid controls inside it are coordinated in a

solitary column. Probably the main ascribes you'll use with straight
formats include:

1. The direction quality (required), which can be set to vertical or

level. The gravity characteristic (discretionary), which controls
how all kid controls are adjusted and shown inside the direct
format (class: LinearLayout).

2. The layout_weight characteristic (discretionary, applied to every

kid control) indicates every kid control's relative significance
inside the parent straight format (class:
LinearLayout.LayoutParams)

Relative layout

The overall format works much as its name infers: it coordinates

controls comparative with each other, or to the parent control itself.
It implies that kid controls, for example, ImageView, TextView,
and Button controls, can be set above, beneath, to one side or right,
of each other. Youngster controls can likewise be put comparable
to the parent (the general design holder); including situation of
controls adjusted to the top, base, left or right edges of the format.
Some particular credits apply to relative designs specifically the
kid rules, including:

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1. Rules for kid control focusing inside the parent design,

including: focus evenly, focus vertically, or both.

2. Rules for kid control arrangement inside the parent format,

including: line up with top, base, left or right edge of another
control.

3. Rules for kid control arrangement comparable to other kid

controls, including: line up with top, base, left or right edge.

4. Rules for kid control situation corresponding to other youngster

controls, including: arrangement to one side or right of a particular
control, or above or underneath another control.

Table layout

A table layout is actually what you may anticipate: a lattice of

comprised of lines and sections, where a cell can show a view
control. From a UI plan viewpoint, a TableLayout is involved
TableRow controls—one for each column in your table. The
substance of a TableRow is essentially the view controls that will
go in every "cell" of the table framework. Albeit table formats can
be utilized to plan whole UIs, they generally aren't the best
instrument for doing as such, as they are gotten from LinearLayout
and not the most productive of design controls. Notwithstanding,
for information that is now in an organization appropriate for a

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table, for example, bookkeeping page information, table design

might be a sensible decision.

5.2 Different UI widgets available in android

 Text View

 Edit Text

 List View

 Spinner

 Button

 Check Box

 Radio Button

 Scroll View

5.3 Menus

Option Menu and action bar

The options menu is the primary collection of menu items for an

activity. It's where you should place actions that have a global
impact on the app, such as “Search”, “Compose email”, and
“Settings”. On Android 3.0 and higher, items from the options
menu are presented by the action bar as a combination of on-screen
action items and overflow options. Beginning with Android 3.0,

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the Menu button is deprecated (some devices don't have one), so

you should migrate toward using the action bar to provide access
to actions and other options.

Context Menu and Concentual Action mode

A Context menu is a gliding menu that shows up when the client

plays out a long-click on a component. It gives activities that
influence the chose substance or setting outline. A relevant menu
offers activities that influence a particular thing or setting outline
in the UI. You can give a setting menu to any view, yet they are
frequently utilized for things in a ListView, GridView, or other
view assortments in which the client can perform direct activities
on every thing.

PopUp Menu

A popup menu displays a list of items in a vertical list that's

anchored to the view that invoked the menu. It's good for
providing an overflow of actions that relate to specific content or
to provide options for a second part of a command.

5.4 Dialogue Box

A dialogue box is a little window that prompts the client to settle

on a choice or enter extra data. A discourse doesn't fill the screen
and is typically utilized for modular occasions that expect clients to
make a move before they can continue.

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5.5 Toast

A toast provides simple feedback about an operation in a small

popup. It only fills the amount of space required for the message
and the current activity remains visible and interactive.

5.6 Adapter

An Adapter goes about as a scaffold between a ListView and the

hidden information for that see. The Adapter gives admittance to
the information things. The Adapter is additionally answerable for
making a View for every thing in the informational collection.
Cluster Adapter Array Adapter is a solid BaseAdapter that is
upheld by a variety of self-assertive articles. As a matter of course
this class expects that the asset id references a solitary TextView.
In the event that you need to utilize a more intricate format, utilize
the constructor that additionally takes a field id. That field id
should reference a TextView in the bigger design asset.

5.7 Notification Manager

A notice is a message you can show to the client outside of your

application's typical UI. At the point when you advise the
framework to give a notice, it initially shows up as a symbol in the
notice zone. To see the subtleties of the warning, the client opens
the notice cabinet. Notice Manager Class is utilized to advise the
client of occasions that occur. This is the manner by which you tell

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the client that something has occurred out of sight. Notices can
take various structures:

1. A persistent icon that goes in the status bar and is accessible

through the launcher, (when the user selects it, a designated
Intent can be launched).

2. Turning on or flashing LEDs on the device.

3. Alerting the user by flashing the backlight, playing a sound,

or vibrating.

Brief description of the project

A Scientific Calculator is helpful for circumstances where we

need to solve some complex equations like logs or geometry. In
such cases, the ordinary number calculator won't be helpful for us.
So subsequently, we are here to build up a Scientific Calculator.

This number calculator will have the accompanying :-

To start with, it will have a screen to show the client inputs and as
a matter of course, it will show a "0". To make this we will utilize
Text View. At that point there will be another screen that shows
the outcome and the administrator. It will be a TextView as well.

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At that point we'll have the keys, which will have numbers just as
the administrators on it. We'll utilize Buttons for this. We'll utilize
a linear format for this so we can organize the catches in the ideal
way.

Requirments to develop project

To build up this application there are sure things that we need to

know previously. So let us see its prerequisites and the stage that
we'll use for this undertaking. Allow us to start with the instrument
that we'll use for our Scientific Calculator. The most recent
Version of Android Studio will be picked as the Application
Development Platform for it. Thus, you should be enamored with
Android Studio and have great hands on it.

Android Studio is the best and most proper IDE for Android
application improvement today. In any case, to chip away at
Android Studio, there are a few ideas that you should be enamored
with. Thus, you ought to have great hands on the accompanying
things to chip away at Android Studio:

1. Oriented Programming Concepts

2. Java Programming

3. eXtensible Markup Language Basics (XML Basics)

Files Used

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In this project, we will use few files to make the calculator app
work:

 activity_main.xml: This file depicts the entire UI.

 MainActivity.java: This file deals with the working of this
framework. Primary java file is the only file that allows the
execution of the application.

 Resource folder: This envelope will have all the assets that
are helpful for this undertaking. Following are the rundown
of asset documents that are utilized in our undertaking:

 Drawable: It has the format and planning of the application

parts.

 Colors: It has all the shadings that are utilized in the

undertaking.

 Style: Here the styling of the content or segments is finished.

 String: This document characterizes all the strings that are

important for the undertaking.

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Activity_main.xml File

JAVA File

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Color File

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Strings File

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Style File

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Test cases

 Check wether the application is starting or not.

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 Check if the input string is showing 0 as default when the app

starts.

 Check if all the characters and numbers are clearly visible.

 Verify if the basic calculations are working and the result is

correct.

 Check if the Clear button is working or not.

 Check if BODMAS is being followed or not.

Result

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Using the code and running it on the ADK . The app successfully
starts and all the functions are working properly.

Conclusion

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Overall, I would describe my internship as a positive and

instructive experience. There were some problems during the first
week, as the concepts were new and I felt out of place in the initial
stages of my internship. Therefore, it took some time to figure out
what it was. This training provided me with a vast amount of
knowledge about Android studio. Also, how it is going to help
make every single company better by providing the essential
software which eases down the work and creates a better result. I
now understand the expectations and the quality standards of the
industry internship. It was inspiring to see how some of the
employees were able to mostly independently carry out their
interests and plan and perform their own experiments. It was also
interesting to experience the industry life and see how things go
about in an industry.

Learning Outcomes

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On completion of the internship with Ethical Edufabrica Pvt. Lmt.

on the topic of Android app development using java, I was able to:

 Gain knowledge about developing android app using android

studio.

 Understanding the basics of backend of an app.

 Understanding of different files and libraries used.

 Created a Scientific calculator App.

REFERENCES

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Books

 Android Programming for Beginners written by John Horton

 Android Application Development All-in-One For Dummies

written by Barry Burd.

World Wide Web

1. www.tutorialspoint.com

2. www.w3schools.com

3. www.developer.android.com

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