AI PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

Project Cycle is a step-by-step process to solve problems using proven scientific

methods and drawing inferences about them. (Time period between new born state
to dead state is known as AI project life Cycle)

Problem Scoping Understanding the problem

Data Acquisition Collecting accurate and reliable data

Data Exploration Arranging the data uniformly

Modelling Creating Models from the data

Evaluation Evaluating the project

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 STEP 1:
Problem Scoping: Problem Scoping refers to understanding a problem
finding out various factors which affect the problem, define the goal or aim
of the project.

The 4W’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where, and Why. This Ws helps in
identifying and understanding the problem in a better and efficient manner.

1. Who – “Who” part helps us in comprehending and categorizing who all are
affected directly and indirectly with the problem and who are called the Stake
Holders

2. What – “What” part helps us in understanding and identifying the nature of the
problem and under this block, you also gather evidence to prove that the problem
you have selected exists.

3. Where – “Where” does the problem arise, situation, and location.

4. Why – “Why” is the given problem worth solving.

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 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Sustainable Development: To Develop for the present without exploiting the

Resources of the future.

 17 goals announced by United Nations.

 Aim to achieve them by 2030.
 Pledge taken by all the member nations of the UN.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals,
Were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to
action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and
prosperity

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Problem Statement Template:

The Problem Statement Template helps us

to summarize all the key points into one single template.

So that in the future, whenever there is a need to look back at the basis of the
Problem, we can take a look at the Problem Statement Template and understand its
key elements of it.

EXAMPLES:

Q.1 Create a 4W canvas for people leaving at a remote place and facing the
problem of transportation. Prepare a complete problem statement template
using 4W canvas.

[Stakeholders] People who are going for work or

OUR marketing, Students, Private Transporters, WHO
Government Transport Department

[issue, problem, need] Not getting appropriate

public transportation like buses, autos or taxies.
Has/Have Problem Need bus services by government or some WHAT
transportation services by private transporters with
suitable fares

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 [Context/Situation] When people go to work in the
morning, Students go to school in the morning,
When/While WHERE
Same as returning in the afternoon or evening,
During some festivals

[Benefit of solution] AI system can provide a

An ideal solution
timetable and proper service on time to the public. WHY
would
Provide accurate data to the service providers

Q.2 Create a 4W Project Canvas for the following.

As more and more new technologies get into play, risks will get more concentrated
into a common network. Cyber security becomes extremely complicated in such
scenarios and goes beyond the control of firewalls. It will not be able to detect
unusual activity and patterns including the movement of data.
Think about how AI algorithms can scrape through vast amounts of logs to identify
susceptible user behavior. Use an AI project cycle to clearly identify the scope,
how you will collect data, model and evaluation parameters.

[stakeholders] People who are using the new

OUR[stakeholders] WHO
technology

[issue, problem, need] Cybersecurity is the need

HAS/ HAVE when so much of the flow of data is not
WHAT
PROBLEM THAT monitored or escapes the antiviruses/ firewall
systems.

[context/situation] The problem is in the use of

WHEN/ WHILE the latest technology where vast amounts of data WHERE
are at risk.

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 [benefit of solution to them] An effective AI
AN IDEAL
system that is able to detect the flow of data and WHY
SOLUTION WOULD
also report unusual activity

Q.3 Create a 4W Project Canvas for the following.

The world is competitive nowadays. People face competition in even the tiniest
tasks and are expected to give their best at every point in time. When people are
unable to meet these expectations, they get stressed and could even go into
depression. We get to hear a lot of cases where people are depressed due to reasons
like peer pressure, studies, family issues, relationships, etc. and they eventually get
into something that is bad for them as well as for others. So, to overcome this,
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is considered to be one of the best methods
to address stress as it is easy to implement on people and also gives good results.
This therapy includes understanding the behavior and mindset of a person in their
normal life. With the help of CBT, therapists help people overcome their stress and
live a happy life. For the situation given above,

1. Write the problem statement template

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Data Acquisition:
Data Acquisition is the process of collecting accurate and reliable data to work
with. Data can be in the format of the text, video, images, audio, and so on and it
can be collected from various sources like interest, journals, newspapers, and so
on.

Surveys
1. Survey is one of the method to gather data from the users for the second
stage of AI project cycle that is data acquisition.
2. Survey is a method of gathering specific information from a sample of
people. For Example a census survey is conducted every year for analyzing
the population.
3. Surveys are conducted in particular areas to acquire data from particular
people.

Web Scraping

1. Web Scraping means collecting data from web using some technologies.
2. We use it for monitoring prices, news and etc.
3. For example using Programming we can Do web scrapping. using beautiful
soup in python. beautiful soup is a package in Python

Sensors

1. Sensors are very important but very simple to understand.

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 2. Sensors are the part of IOT. IOT is internet of things.
3. Example of IOT is smart watches or smart fire alarm which automatically
detects wire and starts the alarm.. How does this happen, this happens when
sensors like fire sensor sends data to the IOT or the smart alarm and if sensor
detects heat or fire the alarm starts.

Cameras

1. Camera captures the visual information and then that information which is
called image is used as a source of data.
2. Cameras are used to capture raw visual data.

Observations

1. When we observe something carefully we get some information

2. For example, Scientists take insects in observation for years and that data
will be used by them. So this is a data source.
3. Observations are a time consuming data source.

API

1. API stands for Application Programming interface.

2. Let us take an example to understand API: When you visit a restaurant and
check the menu, and then you want to order some food, do you do to the
kitchen and ask the cook to prepare food, no right. You ask the waiter for the
order and then the waiter gives that order to the main kitchen area.
3. So here waiter is a messenger which takes request and tells the kitchen what
you want and then the waiter responds you with the food
4. Like that: API is actually a messenger which takes requests from you and
then tells the system what you want and then it gives you a response.
5. Now the response which it takes can be in JSON format or other formats..
6. Well what is JSON? It is just a format to store structured, object type data.
Below is an example of JSON, for nerds.

Data Exploration
Data Exploration is the process of arranging the gathered data uniformly for a
better understanding. Data can be arranged in the form of a table, plotting a
chart, or making a database.(Means in visualized form).

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1. Google Charts

Google chart tools are powerful, simple to use, and free. Try out our rich gallery
of interactive charts and data tools.

2. Tableau

Tableau is often regarded as the grandmaster of data visualization software and

for good reason.
Tableau has a very large customer base of 57,000+ accounts
across many industries due to its simplicity of use and ability to produce
interactive visualizations far beyond those provided by general BI solutions.

3. Fusion Charts

This is a very widely-used, JavaScript-based charting and visualization package

that has established itself as one of the leaders in the paid-for market.

It can produce 90 different chart types and integrates with a large number of
platforms and frameworks giving a great deal of flexibility.

4. High charts

A simple options structure allows for deep customization, and styling can be
done via JavaScript or CSS. High charts are also extendable and pluggable for
experts seeking advanced animations and functionality.

Modelling
Modelling is the process in which different models based on the visualized
data can be created and even checked for the advantages and disadvantages
of the model.

To Make a machine learning model there are 2 ways/Approaches Learning-

Based Approach and a Rule-Based Approach.

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Learning Based Approach

Machine Learning (ML)

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) which provides

machines the ability to learn automatically and improve from experience without
being programmed for it.

Types of Machine Learning

Machine learning can be divided into 3 types, Supervised

Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and semi-supervised or Reinforcement
Learning

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Supervised Learning

Supervised learning is where a computer algorithm is trained on input data that

has been labeled for a particular output.

For example a shape with three sides is labeled as a triangle,

Classification and Regression models are also type of supervised Learning

Unsupervised Learning

In terms of machine learning, unsupervised learning is in which a system learns through data
sets created on its own. In this, the training is not labeled.

Learning on its own is termed unsupervised learning.

Basically, in unsupervised learning where the data is un-tagged or un-named, the machine
creates a learning algorithm using its structural data-sets present in its input.

Example: Suppose a boy sees someone performing tricks by a ball, so he also learnt the tricks
by himself. This is what we call unsupervised learning.

Reinforcement Learning

Learning through feedback or trial and error method is called Reinforcement Learning.
In this type of learning, the system works on Reward or Penalty policy. In this an agent performs
an action positive or negative, in the environment which is taken as input from the system, then
the system changes the state in the environment and the agent is provided with a reward or
penalty.
The system also builds a policy that what action should be taken under a specific condition.

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Example: A very good example of these is Vending machines.Suppose you put a coin
(action) in a Juice Vending machine(environment), now the system detects the amount of coin
given (state) you get the drink corresponding to the amount(reward) or if the coin is damaged or
there is any another problem, then you get nothing (penalty).

Here the machine is building a policy that which drinks should be provided under what condition
and how to handle an error in the environment.

Rule Based Approach

 Rule Based Approach Refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in data
are defined by the developer.
 That means the machine works on the rules and information given by the developer and
performs the task accordingly.

For example: Suppose you have a dataset containing 100 images of apples and bananas each. Now
you created a machine using Computer-Vision and trained it with the labeled images of apples and
bananas. If you test your machine with an image of an apple it will give you the output by comparing
the images in its datasets. This is known as the Rule-Based Approach.

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Datasets
Dataset is a collection of related sets of information that is composed of separate elements but can
be manipulated by a computer as a unit.

In the Rule-based Approach we will deal with 2 divisions of the dataset:

1. Training Data – A subset required to train the model

2. Testing Data – A subset required while testing the trained the model
Training VS Testing Data
Base Training Set Testing Set

Used for Testing the Model after it

Use Used for Training the Model
is trained

Is a lot bigger than testing data and It is smaller than Training Set and
Size
constitutes about 70% to 80% constitutes about 20% to 30%

Evaluation
Evaluation is the method of understanding the reliability of an API Evaluation and is based on
the outputs which are received by feeding the data into the model and comparing the output with
the actual answers.
Evaluation is basically to check the performance of your AI model. This is done by mainly two
things “Prediction” & “Reality“. Evaluation is done by:-

 First search for some testing data with the resulted outcome that is 100% true
 Then you will feed that testing data to the AI modal while you have the correct outcome
with yourself that is termed as “Reality”.
 Then when you will get the predicted outcome from the AI modal that is called
“Prediction” compare it with the resulted outcome that is “Reality”.
 You can do this to:-
o improve the efficiency and performance of your AI Modal,
o Improve it, check your mistakes.

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METHOD OF EVALUATION

1) Confusion matrix:

The comparison between the results of Prediction and reality is called the Confusion
Matrix.

Confusion Matrix table

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Parameters to Evaluate a Model

Accuracy
Definition: The percentage of “correct predictions out of all the observations“. A prediction can be
said to be correct “if it matches the reality”.

Accuracy Formula

ACCURACY = (CORRECT PREDICTION/TOTAL CASES)*100

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Precision Formula

Recall Formula

F1 Score Formula

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