G.

H RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

MANAGEMENT WAGHOLI,PUNE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Tae 1:-Data storage And Query

Processor Of Database Management

Present By:- Kanchan Bhadoriya B17

Kartik Sawant B18
presented to:Prof.Rohini Devnikar
 INTODUCTION Importance of Data Storage
and Query Processing in
Brief Introduction to Database DBMS
Management Systems (DBMS)
Data Storage Query Processing
A DBMS is a software system
that enables the creation, Persistence Efficiency
management, and manipulation Scalability Accuracy
of databases. User Accessibility
Performance
A DBMS allows users to Performance
Data Integrity
perform various operations on Optimization
the data, such as insertion, Backup and Resource
deletion, updating, and Recovery Management
querying, while maintaining
data integrity, security, and
consistency.
 Overview of Data Storage
Types of Data Storage
Definition and purpose of data storage
Primary Storage
Data storage refers to the methods and
technologies used to record and maintain Secondary Storage
digital information.
Tertiary Storage
The primary purpose of data storage is to
provide a means for storing data Cloud Storage
persistently, so it can be retrieved and used
when needed.
It ensures data is safe, secure, and
accessible for applications, analysis, and
other uses.
Types of Data Storage
Primary Storage
Definition: Also known as main
holding data that is actively
being processed by the
CPU.memory or RAM, primary
storage is used for temporarily. Secondary Storage
Examples: DRAM, SRAM. Definition: Non-volatile storage
devices that retain data even
when powered off.
Examples: Hard Disk Drives
(HDDs), Solid-State Drives
(SSDs), Optical Discs.
 Tertiary Storage
Definition: Used for archival
and backup purposes,
involving removable media.
Examples:
Magnetic Tapes
Optical Discs

Cloud Storage
Definition: Data stored on remote
servers accessed via the internet,
managed by third-party providers.
Examples:
Amazon S3 (Simple Storage
Service)
Google Cloud Storage:
Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
Data Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) Solid-State Drives (SSDs)

Characteristics: Uses: Characteristics: Uses:

Mechanical Mass Storage No Moving System Drives
Components Servers Parts: Performance
Capacity Desktops Speed Applications
Speed Portables
Capacity:
Durability
Durability: .
Cost
Cost:
Data Storage Devices
Optical Storage Flash Drives

Characteristics: Uses: Characteristics: Uses:

Laser Media Portability: Data Transfer
Technology Distribution Flash Memory: Portable
Capacity Backups Capacity: . Storage
Speed Speed:. Bootable
Archival
Durability Durability: Drives:
Storage
Cost Cost:
 Introduction to Query
Processing
Definition
Query Processing: Purpose:
Query processing is the set of Interpretation: Understand and
activities performed by a translate user queries into an
database management system executable format.
(DBMS) to execute queries. Optimization: Improve the efficiency
It involves translating high-level of query execution by choosing the
queries written in a database best possible execution plan.
Execution: Carry out the operations
query language (such as SQL) into
specified in the query to retrieve or
low-level instructions that can be
modify the desired data.
executed by the database engine Result Delivery: Return the results of
to retrieve or manipulate data. the query to the user or application.
 Query Processing Components
Query Parsing: Query Optimization:
Definition: The initial step where Definition: The process of finding
the query is analyzed for the most efficient way to execute a
correctness. query.
Syntax Analysis: Checks for Cost-Based Optimization: Evaluates
grammatical correctness based multiple execution plans using a
cost model to estimate resource
on the query language (e.g.,
usage and selects the plan with the
SQL), generating a parse tree.
lowest cost.
Semantic Analysis: Ensures the
Rule-Based Optimization: Applies
query is meaningful within the
heuristic rules to transform the
context of the database schema,
query into a more efficient form,
verifying that tables, columns, focusing on simplifying and
and operations are valid speeding up execution.
 Query Processing Components
Execution Plan
Definition: A detailed roadmap of
how the DBMS will execute the
query.
Logical Plan: Specifies the high-
level steps (e.g., joins, selections)
without detailing the execution
methods.
Physical Plan: Specifies the
detailed, low-level steps,
including algorithms and data
access methods (e.g., index scans,
hash joins) for executing the
query.
Execution Engine
The execution engine of a
database management
system (DBMS) is responsible
for carrying out the steps
detailed in the execution plan
to retrieve or manipulate
data.
Here, we discuss three
primary execution methods:
iterative execution, batch
processing, and parallel
execution.
 Execution Engine
Batch Processing
Iterative Execution Characteristics: Processes a
Characteristics: Processes set of rows together in a
each row one at a time. single operation.
Performance: Simpler but Performance: Faster than
can be slower for large iterative execution for large
datasets. datasets due to reduced
Examples: Cursor-based overhead.
operations, procedural loops Examples: Bulk
in database languages. inserts/updates, ETL
processes for data
warehousing.
Parallel Execution
Characteristics: Divides a query into
multiple sub-queries that run
concurrently.
Performance: Significantly improves
performance for complex queries and
large datasets by leveraging multiple
processors.
Examples: Parallel query execution in
databases, distributed processing in
systems like Hadoop and Spark.
 Result Caching
Result caching in a database management system (DBMS) improves
performance by storing the results of queries.
The main methods are query caching and materialized views.

Query Caching Materialized Views

Explanation:
Benefits: Persistent Storage: Physically stores query
Improved Performance: Reduces query execution time. results.
Reduced Load: Minimizes repeated data retrieval and Query Efficiency: Quick access to
processing. precomputed results.
Cost Efficiency: Saves computational resources and can Use Cases:
lower costs. Data Warehousing: Stores aggregated data for
Examples: faster reporting.
Web Applications: Caching product listings or user Reporting: Quick report generation by
profiles. accessing stored results.
API Responses: Storing results of complex queries. Precomputed Results: Ideal for dashboards
Database Systems: Built-in query caching in DBMSs like and BI tools.
MySQL and PostgreSQL.
Trends and Innovations in Data
Storage
NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Distributed Storage Systems:
Express): Overview: Data is stored across multiple
Overview: High-performance devices or locations to enhance scalability,
storage protocol for SSDs using redundancy, and fault tolerance.
PCIe, offering faster speeds and Examples:
lower latency. 1. HDFS: Used in big data applications for high-
Benefits: Improved throughput and fault-tolerant storage.
2. Amazon S3: Scalable object storage service
performance, scalability, and
for a variety of use cases, from data
efficiency compared to
archiving to analytics.
traditional storage protocols.
 Conclusion
Data storage and query processing are
foundational elements of a DBMS, directly
impacting its performance, reliability, and
usability.
Efficient data storage ensures that data is
preserved, organized, and accessible, while
effective query processing enables fast and
accurate data retrieval and manipulation,
making the DBMS a powerful tool for
managing and utilizing data.
Thank
You