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Chapter 2 MS

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14 views4 pages

Chapter 2 MS

Uploaded by

l.dhesigan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2 – COMMINICATION

MARKING SCHEME
1) A set of 8 numbers
• Each number is 4 hexadecimal digits
• Separated by colons:
• Valid example e.g. 12F3:2356:AB12:2015:0000:0000:1234:5123
Static:
• When a computer disconnects and rejoins a network
• ... the address does not change
• Address is assigned by the server/ISP
Dynamic:
• Each time the computer rejoins a network
• ... the address changes
• address is assigned by the network OS
Devices connected over a small geographical area
• Uses dedicated infrastructure // company-owned infrastructure
Packet has address of recipient
• Sender transmits packets directly to the server
• Server reads address and identifies where recipient is
• Server transmits packets directly to the recipient
• Server transmits packets only to the recipient
NIC // Network Interface Card
• WNIC // Wireless Network Interface Card
• WAP // Wireless Access Point
• Hub
• Switch
• Router
• Bridge
• Repeater
• Modem
Workstations ‘listen’ to the communication channel
• If no data is being transmitted, the computer can send its data
• Collision caused when 2 devices transmit at the same time
• If a collision occurs, each workstation waits a random time
• … before retransmitting
• Each time a collision occurs, random time is increased
Q2.

b) g.
 Fibre optic data is transmitted using light, copper cable through
electrical signals
 Fibre optic has higher bandwidth than copper cable // Fibre optic has
higher transmission rates than copper cable
 Fibre optic has smaller risk of (noise) interference than copper cable
 Fibre optic can be used over longer distances than copper cable before
repeaters are needed
 Fibre optic is much more difficult to hack into than copper cable
 Fibre optic is more prone to damage than copper cable
c) A workstation / node (wishing to transmit) listens to the communication
channel
 …data is only sent when the channel is free // ... if channel is free data
is sent
 Because there is more than one computer connected to the same
transmission medium
 ... two workstations can start to transmit at the same time, causing a
collision
 If a collision happens, the workstations send a (jamming) signal / abort
transmission
 …and each waits a random amount of time before attempting to resend
Q3.
a) Accessing a service/files/software on a remote server
b) Public e.g.
 Computing services offered by 3rd party provider over the public
Internet
 Public is open/available to anyone with the appropriate
equipment/software/credentials
Private e.g.
 Computing services offered either over the Internet or a private internal
network
 Only available to select users not the general public
 Private is a dedicated/bespoke system only accessible for/from the
Organisation
c)
e.g.
 Can be accessed anywhere with Internet access
 Do not need to install security // security might be better
 Do not need to perform backups
 Do not need to buy specific software/hardware
 Can easily share documents
 Can have multiple people working on the same document
1 mark for drawback
e.g.
 You cannot access it if no internet access
 Reliant on someone else to backup
 Reliant on someone else for security // can have poorer security
 Cannot access if server goes down
Q4.
CSMA/CD is a protocol used to detect and prevent collisions in a bus topology
• before transmitting, a device checks if the channel is busy
• If the channel is busy the device waits // if the channel is free the data is sent
• because there is more than one computer connected to the same transmission medium
• ... two workstations can start to transmit at the same time, causing a collision
• If a collision is detected by the device, transmission is aborted / a jamming signal is transmitted
• both devices wait a (different) random time and then try again
Q5.

1 mark for a correct advantage:


• not fixed to a single location
• allows access in remote / rural areas
1 mark for each correct disadvantage (max 2):
• high latency / lag / slow to connect
• more expensive than wired methods, as need extra equipment
• signal is affected by bad weather
• the transmission speed is slower than fixed line broadband
• direct line of sight needed
Examples:
• improves security
• reduces congestion
• allows extension of the network / devices attached
• aids day-to-day management
• improves performance
1 mark for each correct answer:
• • network ID = 10
• • host ID = 4

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