21 MONOTONICITY OF FUNCTIONS

AND MAKIMA AND MINIMA

Multiple Choice Questions : Read the questions given below and TICK the correct option(s)

1, The greatest of the numbers 1, 2", 3, 44, s5, 6l/6 and 77 is

(a) 2l/2 (b) 3/3
(c) zln (d) All but 1are equal
2. Let g'r) >0and f(«) <0 xe R, then
(a) gf(x+ 1))>g f (x-1)) (b) f(g (r -1)) >f(g (x+ 1)
(c) g f« +1)) <g (f (x-1)) (d) & (8 (* +1)) <g (g (- 1)
xs0
3.* Let f() =
x+ ar-; x>0,
where a is positive constant. The internal in which f'u) is increasing is

(a) (-o, o) (b) (d) (0, )

4. Let fo) =fIlog, (log,(log, (cos t +a) ldt be increasing for all real value of xthen
(b) 0sa<4 (c) a> 5 (d) oo <a<K oo
(a) a <0
5. Let f: [0, o) ’ [0, o) and g:[0, o)’ [0, o] be non-increasing and non-decreasing functions
respectively and h (r)=g f (). If f and g are differentiable for all points in their respective
domains and h (0) =0, then
(a) h (x) =0 x (b) h(x) >0 r 0
(c) h()<0 x#0 (d) None of these

6. Let f'(sin x) <0 and f"(sin x) >0 xe 0. and g (x) =f(sin x) +f (cos x), then

(a) g (x) increases if xe 0, 4 (b) g(x) decreases if xe 0, "4

T T
(c) g (x) increases if x E
4'2
(d) 8 («) increases if
7. The interval (s) of decrease of the functions
f)=log 27 - 6x log 27 + (3r-18x +24) log (- 6x +8) is
(a) (3 1+ 1/3e, 2) U(4, 3+V1+ 1/3e) (b) (3 VI+ 1/3e, 3+I+ 1/3e)
(c) (- oo, 3- v1+ 1/3e) u (3, 4 + V1 + 1/3e) (d) None of these
468 IITJEE MATHEMATICS Ckalengen

8. If f") < 0, Vre R,f'(3) =0and g) =f(an'-2tan x+4), 0<x<2' then g () is increasing
in

(a)0, (b) 63

(c) 0. (d) 4'2

9. If composite function f GG... G,() ntimes, is an increasing function and if r of fs are
decreasing function while rest are increasing, then maximum value of r(n-r) is
when n is an even number (b) when n is an odd number
4 4

(c) 4
when n is an odd number (d) when n is an even number
4
10. If (1) is a polynomial function and '(«) >) , x2l and (1) =0, then
(a) o(x) 20 r1 (a) o) <0 x21
(c) o(x) =0 x1 (d) None of these
11. The value of a for which the function f(x) = sin x - cos x- ax+b decreases for all real values
of x, is given by
(a) a V2 (b) a21 (c) a<v2 (d) a<1

12. Iffa) =(ab -b?- 2)x+ (cos 0+ sin 0) d0 is a decreasing function of x, Vxe R, b being any
real number independent of x, then
(a) ae (0, 2) (b) ae (-2, 2]
(c) ae (-2, 0) (d) (-oo, oo)
13. The interval in which the function f)= (+ 2i) (- 1) dt decreases is
(a) (- oo, -2) (b) (-2, - 1)(0, 1)
(c) (-1,0)U(1, ) (d) None of these
14. Let f() = 2x+ ax +bx-3cosx is an increasing function for allxe R. Then
(a) a-6b -18>0 (b) a'- 6b + 18 <0
(c) a'-3b -6<0 (d) a>0, b > 0
15. The maximum value of f(x)=-3x subject to +36s 13r', is
(a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 25 (d) o

16. If f() = (x]

(C] denotes the greatest integer function), ISx, < 4, then
(a) Range (b) f is mnonotonically increasing in |1, 4]
at xa3
(c) f is discontinuous at exactly two points (d)f is not differentiable
valuc of the function is
17. A function f is defined by f() =|x "|x-1P Vre R. The maximum
(m, ne N)
MONOTONICITY OF FUNCTIONS AND MAXIMA AND MINIMA 469

(a) 1 (b) m'n"

m"n" (mn)mn
(c (d) (m +ny" +n
(m + n)" tn
18. Let f() =e cos xand slope of the curve y=f() is maximum at x=athen a equals
3T
(a) 0 (6) (c) (d) None of these
2

19. The largest area of a trapezium inscribed in a semi-circle of radius R, if the lower base is on
the diameter is
V3
4 (b) -R? (c) 3V3 (d) R?
4 1
20. The least value of a' for which + =a has at least one solution in the interval
sin x 1- sinx

(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) I

21. If a>b>0, then maximum value of

ab(a?. -b') sin x coS x
a sin' x+b cos x
(6)a'-b2
(a) a'-b? 2
(d) None of these

22. Least length of the normal chord intercepted by the parabola y' =4ax is
(a) 3v3a (b) 6v3 a (c) 93a (d) 8v3 a
-t+ 10x- 5,
23. Let f() = |-2r +log,(b- 2), x>1
The set of values of b for which f(x) has greatest value at x=1, is given by
(a) 1sbs2 (b) b= (1, 2)
(d) None of these
(c) be ( , -1)
24. From a fixed point A on the circumference of a circle of radius r, the prependicular AY is let
fall on the tangent at P. The maximum area of the triangle APY is
(a) 2 (b) 33
4 8
25. Set of values of b for which local extrema of the function f(x) are positive where

f()=a-+3r +band maxima occurs at x= is

(d) none of these
(a) (4, oo)
26. The value of afor which the function f) =(4a -3) (x +In 5) + 2(a -7) cot sin does not
posses critical points is
(b) (-o, 2)
(0) (-u2)
(c) [1, o) (d) (1, -)
 470 IIT-JEE MATHEMATICS ekalleage

21. 1 he maximum and minimum value of ab sin x+b - a' cos x +c lie in the interval
([lal<1, b> 0]
(a) [b- c, b+ c] (b) (b-c, b+ c)
(c) [b, b + c] (d) [-c, c]
28.
-,b-b²+b-1 0sx<I
Let fx) = b2+36+2
|2r-3 1sxs3

The set of real values of b, such that f(r) has the smallest value at x =1, is
(a) be (-, -2] (b) be (-2, -1) U[1, o)
(c) be (-o0, -2) U (1, 2) (d) None of these
29., The set of all values of the parameters a for which the points of minimum of the function
*+x+2 S0 is
y=1+a'x-* satisfy the inequality t+ 5x+6
(a) an empty set (b) (-3V3,-2V3)
(c) (2V3,3V3) (() (-343, -2V3) u (2N3, 3V3)
30. P is a point inside a AABC. D, E, F are the feet of perpendiculars from Pto the sides BC, CA
BC CA AB
and AB repectively. If PD PE is minimum then P is
PF
(a) Incentre (b) Circumcentre
(c) Orthocentre (d) Centroid (of triangle ABC)
31. A given right circular cone has a volume p, and the largest right circular cylinder that can be
inscribed in the cone has a volume q. Then p:q is
(a) 9:4 (b) 8:3 (c) 7:2 (d) None of these
32. f()= J2-1+ 5x +61; x*-2 then the range of a so that f(x) has maxima at x=-2 is
a+1 : X=-2'
(a) lal>1 (b) lal<1 (c) a>1 (d) a< 1
33. The co-ordinates of the point on the curve (r+ 1) (y-3) =x where a tangent to the curve has
the greatest slope are given by
(a) N5.3+
(c) (0, 3) (d) None of these
34. The function f() = (4 sin'x 1(r-x+ 1), ne N has a local minimum at x=. Then
(a) n can be any even number (b) n can be an odd number
(C) n can be odd prime number (d) n can be any natural number
35. Domain of the function f(x), if 3- +3/ = minimum of o () where () = minimum of
(2 - 15P+36t 25, 2 + Lsin t I; 2 Sts4) is
(a) (-oo, 1) (b) (-, log, e)
(c) (0, log, 2) (d) (-,log, 2)
 MoNoroNICTYOF FUNCTIONs AND MAMA AND MINIMA 471

36. The set of critical points of the function

(c) (d) None of these

l6° 2
37.
If a+c for all positive real value of x, then
(a) 27ab' 4c (b) 27ac 4b
(c) 27bc 4a' (d) All are corTect
38. The function y=f() is represented parametrically by x=-St- 20r+ 7 and
y=4f -3-181+3 (-2<t<2). The minimum of y=f(x) occurs at
3
(a) t=-1 (b) t=0

39, Let f() =sin' x+ Asin x,-<x<, In order that f() has exactly one minimum, Ashould
belong to
(a) (-1, 1) (b)

(c) (0, )

40. Let g and f"(u) <0 xe (0, 2). Then g (x) increases in
4
(b) 3

4
(c) (0, 2) (d) 0, 3
41. Let f'x) >0 and f"() <0 for all x. If x <Xy, then
fa) +f(0,
2
(6)/ 23
) ++f(4)
3
(d) All above are correct
4 4

42. Let f'(r) >0and f"(x) >0 for all x. If x<, then

+3r2()+4 3f() (d) All above are correct

4
square of the speed generated in km
43. The fuel charges for running a train are proportional the amount to Rs 30n
If the fixed charges
per hour and costs Rs. 48 per hour at l6 km per hour.
speed is :
per hour, the most economical
472 IIT-JEE MATHEMATIcs Clelen,
(a) 60 kmph (b) 40 kmph (c) 48 kmph (d) 36 kmph
44.
An arch way is in the shape of a semi-ellipse, the road level being the major axis. If the breadth
of the road is 30 m and the height of the arch is 6 m at a distance of 2 m from the side, the
grestest height of the arch is
(a) 6 m (b) 12 m (c) 10 m (d) 5.5 m
45. If a>b>0and f(e)(a-b) cos then the maximum value of f(O) is
a-b sin 9
(a) Va'+ b (b) Va'-b? (c) a- b (d) a+b
46. LL' be latusrectum of the parabola y= 4ax and PP is a double ordinate between the vertex and
the latus rectum. For the maximum area of trapezium PPL'L the distance of PP from vertex
should be

(a) a (b) 2a
(c) 2a () 5
47. A Concial vessel is to be prepared out of a circular sheet of metal of unit radius. In order that
the vessel has maximum volume, the sectorial areal that must be removed from the
sheet is
(a)
48.
(b)2
A given quantity of metal is to be cast into
(d) None of these

half-cylinder. In order that the total surface area may

be minimum, the ratio of the height of the cylinder to the diameter of the
semi-circular ends is
(a) 1: 2 (b) T:T + 2
(c) T-2: (d) n-2 :+2
49. A boat moves in still water with a velocity which is k lines less than the
river flow velocity.
The angle to the stream direction at which the boat should be rowed to minimise drifting is
(a) sin-! (c) (d) tan'k

B Comprehension based Questions : Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follows

PASSAGE 1 -SHAPE OF AGRAPH AND NATURE OF FUNCTION

Suppose you are given a graph of function y= f(x).
Observing the shape of the graph you can conclude following points about the nature of the function.
(1) If graph is symmetric about y-axis, then the function is even, i.e. f(-x) = f(x)
(2) If graph is symmetric about origin (i.e., in the opposite quadrants), then the function is odd, i.e. f(-x) =
f{x)
(3) If the graph rises when moving along positive x-axis the function is increasing, i.e. f(x) >0 and f(x)<0
ifgraph falls.
(4) Ifthe graph touches x-axis at x = a, then it has a as repeated root, i.e. f(a) =f(a) = 0.
(5) 1fthe graph is convex upward, then slope of tangent is an decreasing function, i.e. f"(x) <0 and f"(x) >
0if concave upward.
(6) Ifthe convex and concave parts of agraph meet at x =pthen it is a point of inflexion, i.e. f"Ø) = 0 ifexist
f"(B)changes sign.
Now analyse the following graphs of derivative of a function f(x), i.e. y = g(x). where g(x)
following questions : (aSx s b). Given f(c) = 0. =f'(x) and answer the
MNonNmerNcONS AND MaeMe 473

y8(N) -f'()

The graph ofy t(x) wvillintersect N-axis

(a) never (b) once (c) twice (d) touches once
2. The equationtx)0, asNsb has
(a) no real roots (b) two distinct real roots
(c) two repcated roots (d) at least three repeated roots
3. The graph ofy = fx), asxsbhas
(a) no point of intlexion (b) one point of inflexion
(c) wo points ot intlextion (d) none of these
The function y=tx), a<x<b has
(a) exactly one local minima (b) exactly one local maxima
(c) one local minima and one maxima (d) none of these
5. The equation f"(x) =0 has
(a) noreal root (b) at least one rcal root
(c) at least two distinct real roots (d) cannot be decided

PASSAGE2- SHAPEOF AGRAPH AND NATURE OFFUNCTION

Analyse the following graphs of derivative of a function f(x), ie., y = g(x) = f'(x) and answer the following
questions (asx<b)
y g(x) =f(x)

1. The graph ofy = f(x) for a<x<b has

(a) no extreme point (b) one extreme point
(c) two extreme points (d) either one extreme point or two extreme points
2. The graph ofy= f(x)for a <x<bhas
(a) no inflexion point (b) one inflexion point
(c) two inflexion points (d) either (a) or (c)
3. The graph ofy =f"(x), a<x<b, is
(a) always increasing (b) always decreasing
(c) first increases then decreases (d) first decreases then increases
4. The graph ofy =f"(x), a <x< b is
(a) continuous and derivable (b) discontinuous at one point
(c) continuous but not derviable at some points (d) none of these
5. The graph ofy =f"(x), a <x<b
(a) is convex upward always (b) is concave upward always
(C) has one point of inflexion (d) cannot be decided
 474 IIT-JEE MATHEMATICS Cllengs

PASSAGE3-SHAPE OF AGRAPHANDNATURE OF FÜNCTION

The graph of derivative of a function f(x) is given (i.e., y= f(x). Analyse the graph in the given domain and
answer the following questions if it is given that f(0) =0.

1. The function f'(x) is

(a) even function (b) odd function
(c) neither even nor odd (d) indefinite
2. The function f(x) is
(a) even function (b) odd function
(c) neither even nor odd (d) indefinite
a

3. The value of integral

(a) 0 (b) a (c) 2a (d)

0
4. The graph ofy = f(x) has
(a) no inflexion point (b) one point of inflexion
(c) one extreme point (d) two extreme points
5. The function f(x) for -asxsais
(a) always decreasing (b) always increasing
(c) increasing for (-a, 0) and decreasing for (0, a) (d) increasing for (0, a) and decreasing for (-a, 0)
PASSAGE4- SHAPE OF AGRAPHAND NATURE OF FUNCTION
The graph of afunction y = f(x)is given for the interval asxsb. Analyse the graph and answer the following
questions :

->x
b

1. Thenunber of real roots oftheequation f(x)0 is

(a) 0 (b) I (c) 2 (d) 3
2. The graph ofy fx) has
(a) one local maxima and one local minima (b) two local maima and one local minima
(c) one local maxima and two local minima (d) onlyone local minima
 440NOTONKIN OF FNCTIONSAND MNIMA &/INMA 475

The absolute minima of the function y fx) occurs at

(a) Aa (b) xb
() one of local minima points (d) none of these
The absolute maxima of the function y - f() occurs at
(a) a (b) xb
c) one of local maxima points (d) none of these
Which of the following is correct
(a) fa)>0,f(b)>0 (b) fa)<0,f(b)>0
(c) fa)<0, f(b) <0 (d) fa)>0, f(b) <0

Miscellancous Questions :(Assertion -Reasoning and Column Matching ty pe questions)

INSTRUCTIONS for question no. Ito2:In the fotlowing questions an Assertion (A) is given followed by a
Reason (R). Mark your responses from the following options.
Both Assertion and Reason are true and Assertion is the correct explanation of Reason'
Both Assertion and Reasorn are true and Assertion is not the correct explanation of 'Reason'
Assertion is truc tbut Reason is false
ASsertion is false but Reason is true

ANsertion (A) : The minimum value of the expression x 2bx +cisc -b

Reason (hR) : The first order derivative ofthe expression at x -bis zero. Then fis one-one
x.
Assertion (A) : Let f: R Rbe a function such that fx) x'+x*+ Jx sin
Raon(R) : N)neither increcasing nor decreasing function.
 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (b, c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c, d) 10. (a)
1. (b) 2. (a, b)
14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (acd) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (a)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (b)
24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (a,c) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (a)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (d)
33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (d) 39. (6) 40. (d)
31. (a) 32. (a)
43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (b) 47. () 48. (b) 49. (b)
41. (d) 42. (d)