Fill in the blanks with six words from the list below.

Disease - virtual – alternative – substitute – infected - rethinking – particularly -

telemedicine
Health insurance plans do typically offer people the option of talking to a nurse or
doctor online as an ______________ to heading to an emergency room or urgent care
center, but most people don’t make use of it. Now doctors, hospital networks and clinics
are _______________ how the technology can be used, to keep the worried well calm and
away from clinical care while steering the most at risk to the proper treatment.
“The use of ________________ is going to be critical for management of this pandemic
[Coronavirus],” said Dr. Stephen Parodi, an infectious disease specialist.
In a meeting on Tuesday at the White House with President Trump, private health
insurers also said they would pay for the ____________visits for people who may have
Coronavirus to improve access to care for their customers.
By using their phone or computer, patients will be able to get guidance about whether
they need to be seen or tested instead of showing up unannounced at the emergency
room or doctor’s office. Patients, ______________ those who would be at high risk for a
serious illness if they were infected, can also opt to _____________ a trip to a doctor’s
office with a virtual visit when it is a routine check in with a specialist or a primary care
doctor. That way they can avoid crowded waiting rooms and potential infection.
Fill in the blanks with six words from the box.
Brilliantly/ out/ desperate/ began/ inventor/ fascinated/ perseverance/ study
I love sciences. I have been ________________ by the idea of becoming a scientist
since I was a little kid. So, choosing business as a field of ________________ was
something that I really felt passionate about. It was not only because owning a
business was interesting, but also because portraying myself as a risk-taking
________________ was appealing. Being from Honduras, a poor Latin American
country, didn’t hamper my ________________. Despite the scarcity of resources, I
________________ to teach myself computer science and digital electronics. This is
how I ________________ came up with the Eye Board, an inexpensive eye-tracking
system that costs less than $300.
Put the words between parentheses in the right tense or form.

On June 9, 2016, the (prestige) _____________ innovation prize, the European

Inventor Award, (recognize) ___________ inventors whose creativity and (science)
______________ skills are driving progress in Europe.
The awards, which were held in Lisbon this year, were launched by the European
Patent Office in 2006 to give inventors the public recognition they deserve and
to (incentive) ____________ future winners.
“Today’s award ceremony is a tribute to the spirit of innovation and the work
of dedicated individuals who through their inventions advance the state of the
art for all of us,” said EPO President Benoît Battistelli. “The significance of the
work of these inventors (underline) _______________ the importance of the
European patent system for the benefit of economic strength and technological
progress in Europe.”
The winners (present) _____________ with a trophy in the shape of a sail, described
by the organizers as a “an enduring symbol of exploration and human
ingenuity”.
Fill in with the right tense/ form.
The Nobel Prize refers to any of the prizes (five in number until 1969,
when a sixth was added) that are awarded ____________ (annual) from a fund
bequeathed for that purpose by the Swedish ____________ (invent) and
industrialist Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Prizes are ____________ (wide) regarded as
the most _____________ (prestige) awards given for _______________ (intellect)
achievement in the world.
In the will he ____________ (draft) in 1895, Nobel _____________ (instruct)
that most of his fortune be set aside as a fund for the awarding of five annual
prizes “to those who, during the ____________ (precede) year, shall have conferred
the greatest benefit on mankind.” These prizes as established by his will are the
Nobel Prize for Physics, the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the Nobel Prize for
Physiology or Medicine, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the Nobel Prize for
Peace. The first _______________ (distribute) of the prizes ___________ (take) place
on December 10, 1901, the __________ (five) anniversary of Nobel’s death. An
additional award, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory
of Alfred Nobel, ____________________ (establish) in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden,
______________________ (first/ award) in 1969. Although not technically a Nobel
Prize, it is identified with the award; its winners are announced with the Nobel
Prize recipients, and the Prize in Economic Sciences is presented at the Nobel
Prize Award Ceremony.
Fill in with words from the list and put the words between parentheses in the
right form/tense.
gap/ double-edged/ other/ conditions/ movement/ beneficial /stable/ push/
expatriates/ wages/ homelands/ funds/ repercussions/ with

Brain drain is the ____________ of highly skilled people from (develop)

______________ countries to (develop) _____________ countries. The reasons behind
this movement can be divided into two essential categories: the ______ factors
and the pull factors.
On the one hand, the major push factors are poor working ____________,
low wages, and the lack of research (facilitate) ____________ in developing nations,
such as labs, different tools and (equip) ____________.
On the other hand, there are many pull factors, like having (high) ___________
living standards and ________, better quality of life, more important _________ for
research, better access to (advance) ____________ technology and (modernize)
____________ facilities in developed countries. Moreover, better working conditions
and more _________ political conditions can attract many (brain) ___________
people.
Brain drain can be considered as a ________________ weapon since developing
countries can take advantage of the economic benefits that their ______________
bring home, like foreign currency and (invest) ________________.
 However, brain drain, also known as human capital flight, has numerous
_________________. First, a huge number of brainy people stay in developed
countries and never come back to their ______________ while their mother
countries have invested much money in order to provide them ________ the (need)
___________ education. Instead of working in their home countries and helping
revolutionize their various sectors, a great number of highly skilled people leave
their homelands to help develop ________ countries. Second, the less developed
countries (strong) ____________ rely on their (young) __________ and highly skilled
people to contribute to the (economy) __________ progress of the nation. However,
it is no secret that brain drain (prevent) _____________ such an (advance)
_____________.
 In addition to that, developed countries (usage) __________ these brilliant
people to create industrial and electronic (invent) _______________ that the
underdeveloped nations pay much money to buy.

To conclude, brain drain is _______________ for developed countries.

However, it is not that (advantage) ______________ for the developing nations. In
fact, Africa has already lost 1/3 of its human capital as 20.000 doctors,
engineers, and university lecturers leave (annual) ___________. This has resulted in
(far) _____________ widening the ______ between developed and developing nations
which has made the rich countries (rich) ____________ and the poor ones (poor)
____________.
Circle the right option.

Reverse brain drain can occur when scientists, engineers, or other

intellectual elites migrate to a (more/ less/ much) developed country to learn in

its universities, perform research, or gain working experience in areas (when/

where/ what) education and employment opportunities are limited in their home

countries. (These/ Them/ There) professionals then return to their home country

after several years of experience to start a related business, (learn/ study/ teach)
in a university, or work for a multi-national corporation (to/ in/ for) their

homelands. The occurrence of reverse brain drain (mostly/ more/ most) depends

(in/ on/ at) the state of these country’s development strategies and plans over

a long period of time to (increase/ reverse/ start) the migration. These countries

(are required/ require/ were required) to develop an environment which will

(provide/ prove/ deprive) rewarding opportunities for those who have attained

the knowledge and skills from overseas.

Put the bracketed words in the right tense or form.
In Europe, several governments are behaving like head-hunters. For the last
decades, France (adopt) ________________ a strategy on “selective immigration”,
planning to open the door to those specialized immigrants that suit the holes in
its labor market. Louis Mitchel, the European commissioner for development and
humanitarian aid, (strong) ________________ denounces such “aggressive”
campaigns to hunt the best brains and empty the poor countries of their gray
matter. The African side has shown considerable (aware) ________________ about
the situation. The president of the African Union Commission attacked the rich
countries’ policy of (pick) ________________ his continent’s well-educated people,
after African states (invest) ________________ in their schooling. As long as Africa
(remain) ________________ poor, with poor security and weak state, its youth who
are unemployed, will leave, trying to find elsewhere a better economic situation
for themselves and for their families. Thus, African countries might stand fewer
chances to be developed.
Fill in the blanks with 6 words from the box. There are two extra words.

Medical/ in/ prevent/ Impose/ last/ on / least/ need

Although it is arguable that health workers have a right to go wherever

their skills are needed, their countries are often left struggling with shortages.

As populations in wealthy countries age, the ____________ for health care workers

will become more intense. To ____________ graduates from moving around, many

developing countries have adopted stringent measures. They now ____________

compulsory service periods.

Thailand, for example, has a whereby public ____________ school graduates are

required to work in the country for at ____________ three years, with a financial

incentive for those who do not practice privately. Similarly, China has placed

restrictions ____________ the recruitment of doctors by the private sector.

Fill in the blanks with 6 words from the list below.
Widespread – which – immigrate – because – whose – escape – departure
Investment in higher education is lost when a trained individual leaves
and does not return. Also, whatever social capital the individual has been a part
of is reduced by his or her ____________. The spokesman for the Royal Society of
London used the expression ‘brain drain’ to describe the outflow of scientists
and technologists to Canada and the United States in the early 1950s. its
counterpart is ‘brain gain’ in the areas to ____________ talent migrates. Brain
drain can occur either when individuals who study abroad and complete their
education, do not return to their home country, or when individuals educated
in their home country leave their homelands for higher wages or better
opportunities.
The second form is arguably worse ____________ it drains more resources
from the home country. This phenomenon is perhaps more problematic for
developing nations, where it is ____________. In these countries, higher education
and professional certificates are often viewed as the surest path to ____________
from a troubled economy or a difficult political situation.
Guided writing
Use the information in the table to write a four-line paragraph about brain
drain.

Definition Migration/ well-qualified/ professionals/ poor countries/

developed countries/ better standards of living.
Factors Scarcity/ job opportunities/ countries of origin.
High demand/ labor/ developed countries.
Most Affected African countries (Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya…)
Countries
 Writing a Biography

As a child…
At a young age…
As a teenager he/she…
During his/her early years…
In 1987, at the age of …. he/she…

His/her life was…

His/her lasting legacy is that…
His/her greatest achievement was…
He/she is remembered most for…
He/she is one of the most influential/ distinguished/ notable/ well-known/ fa-
mous figures/ scientists/ artists in…
He/ She graduated from…
He/ She went to…
He/ She studied…
He/ She got his diploma in… from…
He/ She obtained his/ her PhD (only) when he/ she was…

He/ She held different positions/ jobs, such as/ including

He/ She worked in the field of… for…
He/ She worked as…
He/ She worked for…
He/ She devoted his/ her life to
He/ She received many/ numerous/ various/ different prizes, including…
He/ She was awarded… in…
He/ She won… in…

Meanwhile,…
Soon afterwards, …
Shortly after this, …
Many years later, …
Afterwards, …
Moreover, …
In spite of…
Despite the fact that…
Although…
Even though…
Strangely…

After he/ she retired,…

In his/her final years…
Towards the end of his/her life…
In his/her later years

He/ She passed away at the age of…

He/ She died in…
He/ She was assassinated in
Use the information in the table to present Habiba Ghribi in a 5-line para-
graph.

Nationality Tunisian
Date of birth 09/04/1984
Sport Long-distance runner
Achievements 2009 Best sportswoman (Assahafa newspaper)
2012 Summer Olympics gold medal winner
Some people believe that the brilliant people should immigrate to study and work
in developed countries and settle there. Others maintain that these brainy peo-
ple should only go to developed countries to learn and sharpen their skills and
then come back to help develop their motherlands by investing these new skills
and knowledge.
Write a twelve-line article to your school magazine in which you defend one of
these viewpoints using precise arguments and examples.