Cambel, Rica Sophia Leonida, Bee Ann

Cabili, DIEhl STANLEY omongos, Kurt

Presented by: BSMT2A

GROUP 2

hilipp i
PRevolutionne
 The Philippine Revolution: The
Development of Philippine
Nationalism
Filipinos during Spanish era remained loyal to Spain as long as they were
treated well by Spanish authorities, but the moment they were oppressed and
abused, they began to rise in revolts. There were more than 100 revolts during
the three centuries of Spanish rule. Unfortunately, none of them ever
succeeded because our countrymen back in those times do not have yet unity to
fight as one nation for the sake of liberation.
 CAUSES OF FILIPINO REVOLTS:
1. The desire to regain the lost freedom
2. The Spanish abuses/oppression
3. Agrarian complaints or the loss of Filipino
lands
4. The religious intolerance of the Spanish
authorities
 Results OF FILIPINO REVOLTS:
All revolts from Lakan-Dula to Nationalism was not yet developed
Apolinario Dela Cruz had before martyrdom of GOMBURZA
failed. and Rizal's execution. TRIBAL
ENMITY, JEALOUSY, and CLAN
Reasons why Filipino revolts HOSTILITY was much more at this
against Spain had failed: time as encouraged by Spain
because of the "rule and divide"
a) absence of nationalism
policy.
b) lack of national leaders
Filipinos needed a leader who can command all of them that would rally in arms
as one people.
 Development of
Filipino nationalism

Nationalism or the "devotion to our

advocacy of national unity and
independence" according to Teodoro
Agoncillo, is the most important
requisite to stimulate national
consciousness, the sine qua non to
development of national identities.
Factors that caused the birth
of Filipino nationalism:

1. The opening of the Philippines to

international or world trade in 1834
2. The rise of the middle class
3. The secularization controversy
4. The influx of liberal ideas from Europe
5. The Spanish revolution of 1868
6. The opening of the Suez canal
7. The martyrdom of father Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos, and Jacinto zamora
 n in g of the Ph il ip pin es to
The ope
al o r w orl d t ra de in 1834
internation
d t o w o rl d t r a d e in 1 8 3 4 .
Manil a w a s o p e ne
e n e d in s u b s e q u e n t y e a rs .
Severa l pa r ts op
u r c o u n t ry to w o r ld t ra d e
The op e n in g o f o
ic pr o s p e rit y t o o u r
broug h t e c o n o m
m e in c o n ta ct w it h o t h e r
people . Th e y c a
ro m o t h e r c o u n tr ie s . T h e y
men a n d id e a s f
c te d w it h o ld o rd e r o f
becam e d is c on n e
nt e d so c ia l a n d p o lit ic a l
things. T h e y w a
changes.
RISE OF THE MIDDL E CLAS S

r in te ll ig e n t s ia - t h e s e a re
The midd le c la ss o
, p h y s ic ian s , w r it e r s, a n d
lawyer s, t e a c h e r s
o y e e s . T h e y re a d b o o k s
governme n t e m p l
d isc u s s p o lit ic a l p ro b le m s
and ne w s p a p e rs ,
s e n t t he ir ch ild r en to
and re f o rm s , a n d
iv e rs it ie s in M a n il a a n d
college s a n d u n
h e c a se o f p r o p a g a n d is t s
abroa d . S u c h a s t
e n a, L u n a , a n d e t c.
like Rizal, Ja
THE SECU LA RI ZA TION
CON TR OV E R SY
s y b et w e e n t h e S p a n is h
This w a s a c o n t ro v e r
st s o v e r t h eir c on tr ol o n
friars a n d F ilip in o p rie
P h ilip p in e s. Fa t h e r P e d r o
the c u ra cie s o f t h e
a n d p a tr io tic p r ie s t ,
Pelaez, a b rilli a n t
o f F il ip in o c le rg y. O th e r
champion ed t h e r ig h t s
o w e v e r a r o s e a n d ca r rie d
leaders a n d p rie s t s , h
t . A m o n g th e m w e re th e
on his u n fin is h e d f ig h
e x ec u te d o n F e b r u a r y 1 7 ,
GOMB U R Z A , w h o w e re
im p lic a tio n o n " C a v it e
1872, d u e t o a lle g e d
mutiny".
INFLUX OF LIBERAL IDEAS

a s o p e n e d t o w o rl d t ra d e ,
When the P h ilip p in e s w
o o u r c o u n t ry . T h e se w e re
liberal ide a s s tr e a m t
ro m E u ro p e a n d U n ite d
brought b y s h ip s f
es e id e a s, F il ip in o s b e g a n
States. Be c a u s e o f t h
d e p lo r a b le c o n d itio n o r
to wonde r a t th e ir
d t o d is cu ss r e f o rm s ,
situation a n d s ta r t e
ib e rt y . In d u e t im e t h e y
justice, po lit ic s, a n d l
h t o a s k g o v e rn m e n t
became b o l d e n o u g
reforms.
 ISH REVOLUTI ON OF 1 86 8
SPAN
, 18 6 8 , a re vo lu tio n b r o k e
On Sep te m b e r 19
d e s p o t ic r u le o f Q u e e n
out aga in st t h e
as l e d b y g e ne ra l Ju a n P r im
Isabel II. T h is w
er r a n o . F ilip in o s c am e t o
and Franc isc o S
g s o f n e w re g im e lik e
enjoy t h e b le s s in
n f re e d o m o f a ss em b ly ,
religiou s t o le ra t io
c h , a n d fr e e d o m o f t h e
freedom o f s p e e
press.
 pening of suez c anal
The o
b uilt b y F e r d ina n d D e
Suez c a n a l w a s
h m a n . It c o n ne c t ed t h e
Lessep s, a F re n c
e M e d it e r ra n e a n S e a a n d
Red Sea a nd th
c lo s e r. T h u s, P h ilip p in es
the Or ien t S e a
a r e r t o S p a in . M o r e an d
was b r o u g h t n e
f lo c k e d t o th e c o lo n y a n d
more S p a n ia r d s
p a n is h p o p ul a tio n .
swelled the S
 RTYRDOM OF GOMBUR Z A
THE MA
im p li ca te d b y S p a n is h
e p r ie st s w e r e
These thre f a e l Iz q u ie rd o, t h e
in t h e C a v ite m u tin y . R a
authority h a t tim e m a g n if ie d
f t h e P h ilip p in e s a t t
gov-general o r o w S p a in 's r u le in
in to a r e v o lt to o v e rt h
the mutiny r io t ic p rie s t s. T h e y
im p lic a te th e t h r e e p a t
order to a r y co u rt t h ro u g h
e d t o d e a th b y m ilit
were sentenc
garrote. t h o f t h r e e p rie s ts b e c a u s e
se n te d th e d e a
Filipinos re e n t a n d k n e w th a t
t h a t t h e y w e r e in n o c
they believe b lo o d o f t he t h r ee
f or a n o b le c a u se . T h e
they died a t io n a lis m .
a m e t h e s e e d o f F ilip in o n
prie sts be c
LeSSon 3
The Campaign
for reforms
The unjust execution of the three Filipino priests, Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora was a turning
point in the Philippine history.
The illustrados, led by Dr. Jose Rizal, M.H. del Pilar,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Jose Ma. Panganiban, Mariano Ponce
and others arose to champion the liberties and happiness
of our oppressed people. They organized the "Propaganda
Movement" which was a peaceful crusade for reforms.
 Aims of the propaganda movement
1. Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law
2. Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of
Spain
3. Restoration of the Philippines in the Spain Cortes
4. Filipinization or secularization of the Philippine parishes
5. Individual liberties for Filipinos, such as freedom of
speech, freedom of the press, freedom to meet and
petition for redress of grievances
The Propagandist
The men who participated in the
Propaganda movement were called
"Propagandist".
Towering above the rank and file of these
propagandist were Dr. Jose Rizal, the gifted
physician-novelist, Marcelo H. del Pilar, the
fighting lawyer-journalist, and Graciano
Lopez Jaena, the fiery operator.
"La Solidaridad "
solidarity
the organ of the Propaganda
Movement
founded by Lopez Jaena
Its first issue appeared in Barcelona
on February 15, 1889.
most contributors were mostly
Filipinos
"La Solidaridad "
They were:
Jose Rizal (used Laong Laan and
Dimas-alang as his pen names)
M.H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
Mariano Ponce (Naning , Tikbalang,
Kalipulako)
Antonio Luna (Taga-ilog)
Jose Ma. Panganiban (Jomapa)
 Aims of La Solidaridad
1 To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines.

2 To work peacefully for political and social reforms.

3 To combat the evil forces of medievalism

4 To advocate liberal ideas and progress

To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino

5
people for democracy and happiness
 Achievements of La Solidaridad
1 It succeeded in exposing the oppression of the Filipinos.

2 Mutual protection in every want and necessity

3 Defense against all violence and injustice

4 Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce

5 Study and application of reforms

6 It paved the way for the Philippine Revolution

La Liga Filipina
Founded by Rizal on July 3, 1892
a peaceful civic association
It was not a revolutionary society.
It had a Supreme Council, which represented the whole
country, Provincial council for every country, and a
Popular Council for every town.
The motto of the association was "Unus Instar Omnium"
(One Like All)
It died out when Rizal was deported by Governor
General Eulogio Despujol to Dapitan.
LeSSon 4
The Katipunan
When the peaceful campaign reforms
failed, a new leader with a bolder idea
arose. He was Andres Bonifacio. He
organized the Filipinos for revolution.
This was the famous "Katipunan".
 The Founding of the Katipunan
On the night of July 7, 1892, the
date on which Rizal was exiled to
Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, Ladislao
Diwa, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz,
Deodata Arellano and few others,
met secretly in a house and decided
to form an association called
Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang na
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan,
otherwise known as K.K.K. or simply
Katipunan
 Andres Bonifacio, the great Plebeian
He was called the "Great Plebeian"
He was known as the "Father of the Katipunan" because he
was the founder of that revolutionary society
born in Tondo on November 30, 1863
Father- Santiago Bonifacio (a tailor)
Mother- Catalina de Castro (a plain housewife)
At the age of 14, he was orphaned together with 3 brothers
(Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio) and 2 sisters (Espiridiona and
Maxima).
He peddled bamboo canes and paper fans in the city streets.
 Andres Bonifacio, the great Plebeian
He peddled bamboo canes and paper fans in the city streets.
Later, he worked as a messenger for a foreign firm, Fleming and
Company, then at Fressel and Company.
He was not able to study in college because of poverty.
He learned the alphabet from his aunt, and improved by self-
study.
He was a voracious reader.
His favorite book was the History of the French Revolution.
He also read La Solidaridad, Rizal's Novels, Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo, Les Miserables, The Wandering Jew, The Ruins
of Palmyra and the Lives of the Presidents of the United States.
 Aims of Katipunan
1 To unite the Filipinos into one solid nation

2 To win Philippine independence by means of a revolution

3 To initiate the principle of "self-help”among the Filipinos

The Katipunan Governement

The Katipunan was a government by itself. It had 2
constitutions, the first one promulgated in 1894.
Structurally the society had 3 governing bodies
1 The Kataastaasan Sanggunian or the Supreme Council
the highest governing body of the society; composed of a president, a
fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a controller or inventor

2 The Sangguniang Bayan or the Provincial Council and

3 The Sangguniang Balangay or Popular Council

The Sangguniang Bayan, and Sangguniang Balangay represented, the
province and the municipality or town, respectively.
The judicial power of the Katipunan resided in a secret chamber, called Judicial
Council (Sangguniang Hukuman), which passed judgementover those who violated
the secrets of the society and to mediate between quarrelling factions.
 Originally, the Katipunan recruited members by means of the
"triangle method" but decided to change it because it was so
slow. They, therefore agreed that any member of the society
could take in as many as he could get.
Deodato Arellano
first President or Supreme of the Katipunan
deposed by Bonifacio
Roman Basa
second President of the Katipunan
deposed by Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio
third President of the Katipunan
"Kalayaan", Organ of the Katipunan
This revolutionary newspaper was found by Emilio
Jacinto the "Brains of the Katipunan" to disseminate
the ideals of the society.
Jacinto prepared "Kartilla,”the teachings of the
Katipunan, consisted of 13 "teachings".
 Discovery of the Katipunan
As the Katipunan became busy preparing for the revolution,
various denunciation regarding its existence reached the
Spanish authorities.
The Katipunan was finally discovered by the Spanish
authorities on August 19, 1896. Teodoro Patiño, a member of
the Katipunan and an employee of the Diario de Manila,
went to the convent of Tondo and revealed the existence of
the Katipunan to Father Mariano Gil.
LeSSon 5 The revolution

The Philippine Revolution of 1890-1898 was

a national struggle for independence on a
national scale. It was a bloody climax of our
libertarian epic. The immediate cause of
the Revolution was the Discovery of the
Katipunan on the night of August 19, 1896.
 Causes of Philippine revolution
1. The abuses of the Spanish officials
2. The failure of Spain to grant the reforms asked by our people

3. The persecution of the leaders who had defended the cause

of our oppressed people
4. Racial prejudice and discrimination against our people

5. The desire to regain the independence which our ancestors

had enjoyed
 Discovery and outbreak
After the discovery of the Katipunan, Bonifacio, Jacinto and many
Katipuneros from Manila had to elude the dragnet of the Spanish law
and so they fled to Caloocan and its neighboring barrios.
August 24 1896
Bonifacio rallied the Katipuneros to an emergency meeting at
Pugad Lawin. He informed them of the urgency of starting the
revolution in view of the discovery of their secret. Some objected
because of lack of arm and their unpreparedness for war. But
Bonifacio told them that were all doomed; they had no choice but
to fight.
He then dramatically took out his Cedula Certificate(Symbol of
vessalage to spain) tore it to pieces and shouted “Long live the
Philippines”. Following his example, the Katipuneros also tore their
certificates, echoing the cry!
 Andres Bonifacio

started the Revolution with the "Cry of Balintawak" on

August 26, 1896.
At dawn of August 30, 1896
with his untrained Katipuneros, rashly attacked the
powder depot of San Juan without any tactic nor
strategy, a suicidal frontal attack against the Spaniards
armed with artillery and rifles
Demoralized by his heavy casualties, Bonifacio and his
surviving men fled in disarray across the Pasig river,
leaving more than 100 dead comrades. More than 200
Katipuneros were taken prisoners by the Spaniards.
 Andres Bonifacio

The battle in San Juan, sometimes called the "Battle of

Pinaglabanan", which is the first battle of the
revolution, was the first battle which Bonifacio led and
where he met his "waterloo".
Although he was a great organizer of a revolution and a
courageous fighter, he was not a good military
commander. He was not qualified to be the leader of
the Revolutionary society.
Altogether, Bonifacio fought in 29 battles and lost all
of them
Magdalo and the magdiwang council

• The Magdalo council was headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo

and the Magdiwang council was headed by Mariano Alvarez
• Before the coming of Bonifacio to Cavite, the two
Katipunan Councils, although rivals, cooperated with one
another against the common enemy.
• What one lacked, the other supplied; and when one found
itself in a tight situation in any encounter, the other rushed
with its forces to assist it.
• When Bonifacio arrived in Cavite, however, the good
relations between the two councils ended, and the resulting
disunity weakened the libertarian cause of the Filipinos.
 Imus assembly
To reconcile their differences and unite their forces
under one revolutionary government, the Magdalo
Council posted a general assembly of both councils in
Imus, Cavite.
This is called the Imus Assembly.
In the assembly, Bonifacio arrogantly took the presiding
officer's chair which rightly belonged to Baldomero
Aguinaldo as host and head of the Magdalo council.
To avoid any trouble, the Magdalo officers and men did
not protest to Bonifacio's autocratic behavior.
 Tejeros assembly
The objective of the Tejeros assembly was to establish a new
revolutionary government, to replace the Katipunan.
It was agreed upon that whoever would be elected must be recognized
without any protest.
The election by means of secret ballots resulted in favor of Aguinaldo
as President, Bonifacio was elected only as Director of the Interior.
His election was even contested by Daniel Tirona because he was not
qualified for the position for which he was elected.
Enraged by this protest, Bonifacio angrily declared the election null
and void. dissolved the session and walked out of the hall with his
bodyguards
The majority of the patriots, however, recognized the results of the
election and the establishment of the new Revolutionary government
which replaced the Katipunan.
 Bonifacio's Death
Bonifacio and his men had secret meetings, the first resulted in the
signing of a seditious document rejecting the Revolutionary government
headed by Aguinaldo, and the second meeting resulted in the signing of
another document creating an army corps.
In summary, the purpose of Bonifacio's illegal activities was to build an
array to overthrow Aguinaldo and the Revolutionary Government.
Failed in his plan to be the supreme leader of the revolutionary
government. Bonifacio, his soldiers and Procopio were taken prisoners.
They were arrested and tried on the following charges: treason,
conspiracy to assassinate Aguinaldo and bribing government soldiers to
join the seditious plot.
Bonifacio and his brother Procopio, guilty of treason,had to die by
firing squad. They were executed at Mt. Hulog, located about four
kms. west of Maragondon.
 Biak na bato
Truce agreed by Pedro Paterno and signed by Rivera and
Aguinaldo.
It states that:
1. The revolutionary leaders were to stop the revolution
and to live in exile in Hongkong
2. A general amnesty was to be granted to those who
would lay down their arms.
3. Spain was to pay an indemnity of P800,000 to the
revolutionaries and P 900,000 to civilian, families
that suffered from the war
 Biak na bato

However, both the Spanish and Filipino authorities violated

the terms of the Pact of Biak na Bato. Of the money
pledged by Spain, only P400,000 has been paid. Amnesty
was not given as well. The Spanish authorities arrested and
imprisoned the patriots who surrendered their arms.
Aguinaldo used the money given to buy arms and
ammunitions to continue the revolution. Moreover, the
Filipino patriots did not surrender all their arms. Thus, there
was no real peace after the signing and approval of the truce
Biak na Bato.
 THE COMING OF THE AMERICANS
The Spanish-American War
Immediate cause of this war was the blowing up of the US Battleship called
MAINE at the harbor of Havana, Cuba at the height of the Cuban
Revolution.
Set up by American spies in order to provoke the war, the public was not
informed of the truth.
Spain did not want war, but to protect the honor, she waged war. America,
seizing this moment, immediately declared war as well, marking the start of
Spanish-American war.
Upon Aguinaldo's arrival in Cavite, he urged his people to rise in arms and
help America against Spain.
 THE COMING OF THE AMERICANS
In response to Aguinaldo's call, the Filipino patriots everywhere shed to arms.
Within a short time Aguinaldo was once more the head of the large army. In
the provinces his former officers raised troops and attacked the Spanish
garrisons.
With the help of the Filipino soldiers, Manila was finally captured by the
Americans through the "Mock Battle of Manila". After the fall of Manila,
Gen. Diego de los Rios became the Governor-General succeeding Jaudens. He
was the last Governor-General of the Philippines.
He took the command of the Spanish forces retreating to the South. All
Spanish forces were gathered in Zamboanga and in November 1899 they were
shipped to Spain. But it should be noted that the "Mock Battle" was
preceded by the "Spanish-American" secret agreement which arranged for
thepeaceful surrender of the forces of Gov. Gen. Agustin to the American
forces in the siege of Intramuros.
LeSSon 6 The FIRST pHILIPPINE
rEPUBLIC
Proclamation AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
WHEN AGUINALDO LEFT FOR THE PHILIPPINES, HE
BROUGHT WITH HIM A CONSTITUTION PROVIDING
FOR FEDERAL REPUBLIC. IN THE MIDDLE PART OF
1898 HE ESTABLISHED THE DICTATORIAL
GOVERMENT PROCLAIMING THAT THIS GOVERMENT
WAS TEMPORARY AND LAST ONLY UNTIL A
REPUBLIC COULD BE ESTABLISHED.
most sIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENT OF dICTATORIAL
GOVERMENT
Proclamation of Philippine Independence and
establishment of First Republic of the Philippine at
Kawit Cavite on June 12, 1898.

Apolinario Mabini
the "sublime paralytic"
became the adviser of Aguinaldo
came to be called "Brains of the Philippine
Revolution" because of his great intellectual gifts
 The Malolos Congress
By a decree, Aguinaldo provided an election of Representatives
known as the "Republican Assembly", which was the lawmaking body
of the nation. This assembly was the "Malolos Congress".
Met in an inaugural session at Barasoasin Chruch in Malolos,
Bulacan on September 15,1898
President- Dr. Pedro A. Paterno
Vice President- Benito Legarda
Secretaries- Gregorio Araneta and Pablo Ocampo.
 Four Achievements of Congress
1 The ratification of the Independence of the Philippines.

The promulgation of an act providing for a national loan of

2 P20 million to finance the government

Take drafting of the Constitution, called the Malolos

3 Constitution, of the first Philippine Republic

The establishment of the Literary University of the

4 Philippines, the highest seat of learning in the Philippines
which was established in Malolos, Bulacan
The filipino-american war and the fall
of the first republic
During this time the Spanish rule in the
Philippines have ended. and the Filipino troops
deeply resented the American action of
preventing their entry into the city.
Meanwhile, Spain and us sent delegates to
Paris to talk and draw up a treaty ending the
Spanish-American war.
The delegates signed the Treaty of Paris on
December 10, 1898.
 SOMe provisions of the treaty of paris
1 Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico to USA.

2 US goverment will pay the sum of 20 million dollor to spain.

3 Spain will withdraw form Cuba.

Civil and political status of inhabitants that cede territories be determined by
4 the US Congress

Felipe Agoncillio - Patriot-lawyer, sent by Aguinaldo to the

peace negotiations as his emissary.
 the Rise of the Republic worsened
relations with america
The first blow of the Philippine-American war began when Private
Robert Greyson had shot and killed a Filipino soldier. It influenced
the US Senate which had been deadlocked on the issue of ratifying
the The treaty of Paris since January 4, to finally ratify it on on
February 6, 1899.
After the repulse of Filipino troops in Manila, the American troops
under Gen. Mc. Arthur began their offensive attack towards the
north of the city. Their primary objective was to capture Emilio
Aguinaldo and Malolos, Bulacan, capital of the Philippine Republic.
 the Rise of the Republic worsened
relations with america

Fleeing from the advancing Americans, Aguinaldo

left Bayambang and marched all night, towards
Pangasinan. From there, he trough the mountains,
northern Luzon, then Candon Tirad Pass and
crossed the Cagayan Valley to Palanan, Isabela
where he established his headquarters.
 the Rise of the Republic worsened
relations with america
It should be noted that at Tirad Pass, the so-
called Battle of Tirad Pass, was fought where the
young General Gregorio del Pilar with his chosen
riflemen stood guard to intercept the American
pursuers and gave Aguinaldo sufficient time to
escape.
 the Rise of the Republic worsened
relations with america
After the fight at Tirad Pass, the Americans had never heard of
Aguinaldo until a year later Cecilio Segismundo, Aguinaldo’s
messenger, fell into the hand of Gen. Funston in Nueva Ecija who was
then carrying important dispatches to Baldomero Aguinaldo and other
guerilla leaders.
Disguised as Filipino soldiers, and pretending to be the much awaited
reinforcements with some American prisoners, the Macabebe scouts,
as a part of the American expedition, were able to enter Aguinaldo's
camp. The "American prisoners" entered the room and arrested
Aguinaldo in the name of the United States.
 the Rise of the Republic worsened
relations with america

The capture of Aguinaldo marked the end of the first

Philippine Republic, which only lasted for 2 years, 1 month, and
10 days.
Gen. Artemio Ricarte
a revolutionary general who refused to take the oath of
allegiance to the US
lived in exile in Hong Kong and later in Japan
 The Bandalerismo statute
November 1902
enacted to meet an emergency pertaining to problems on insurgency
and rebellion
contains the stipulations that whoever is caught with three or more
person conspiring together, armed with deadly weapons shall be
deemed “Highway robbers or brigands” and so once convicted
shall be punished by death or Imprisonment for not less than 20
years;
There is no need to prove that such group have performed or are
intending to perform robbery or theft.
Mere membership in armed band is enough to convict an individual
guilty of“Bandolerismo”.
 The balangiga massacre
The capture of General Emilio Aguinaldo by the American
Soldiers on March 15, 1901 did not dampen the spirit of
Filipino Revolutionaries. There was intense and continuous
fighting in different regions of Luzon and the Visayas.
August 11,1901
Company C comprised of 74 veterans from China,
Cuba and northern Luzon sailed into Balangiga,
Samar in response to the need to protect the town
from Muslim and Rebel raids.
 The balangiga massacre
The alleged massacre which for some Historians was an
“encounter" is inevitable in any form of conflict.
Collateral damage is to be expected in wars and
battles.
September 28 at 6:20 in the morning
While the American Soldiers was unaware, a group
of “bolo men”disguised as laborers attacked
the US soldiers with their bladed weapon and
began chopping at them with bolos.
 The balangiga massacre
The weapons were able to escape the scrutiny of Americans
sentries on the guards for these were all hidden in the
coffins pulled by heavily clothed women who shouted “El
Cholera". During this time there was a cholera epidemic, thus
the numerous death especially among children. The
encounter ended up with 48 U.S. soldiers killed, 22 wounded
and only 4 were unharmed. The loss of the Americans
resulted in the so called “Burning of Samar" which was
obviously to avenge the death and suffering caused by the
“Balangiga Encounter”.
 Maraming
Salamat!
Questions and discussions are now open.