St.

Paul University Philippines

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan 3500
ENG 201: Structures of English

THE STRUCTURE
CLASSES
Content 01 Determiner
s

Intensifiers 02

03 Qualifiers

Modifiers 04
DETERMINERS
CHERRY ANN BELTRAN
 Noun

Some students like to study in

the morning
Noun
A determiner comes at the beginning of a noun
phrase to point out the noun or nouns.

For Example:

I have a few friends.

Determiner
Noun

May I have another glass of water?

Determiner
Noun Noun
Determiners
Articles A, An, The

Demonstratives This, That,

These, Those

Possessive My, Your, His

Her, Their

Some, Few, Little

Quantifiers Many, Much, Any
Articles
(Singular) (Singular & Plural)

A An The
A shoe The dogs

The shoe
 A, An – Indefinite Articles
- used when not referred to a specific member within the group.
- refer to a noun for the first time.
Example:
Let’s go to a park.

The – Definite Article

- used if it is referred to a specific member within the group.
Example:
Let’s go to the park.
Indefinite Articles
A - used in nouns beginning with a consonant sound.
For example:
a boat a tree
a flower a unicorn
An - used in nouns beginning with a vowel sound.
For example:
an umbrella an elephant
an orange an award
 Demonstratives
(Singular) (Plural)

This That These Those

 This – Singular Noun
- used to refer to something specific that is close to the
speaker.
Example:
This book is interesting.
These – Plural Nouns
- used to refer to multiple specific items that are close to
the speaker.
Example:
These books are interesting.
 That – Singular Noun
- used to refer to something specific that is further away from
the speaker and the listener.
Example:
That is a pencil.
Those – Plural Nouns
- used to refer to multiple specific items that are further away
from the speaker and the listener.
Example:
Those are pencils.
 Possessives
- show that a noun is owned by someone or something.

(Singular) (Plural)
First Person My Our
For Example:
This is my car.
This is our house.
 Possessives
- show that a noun is owned by someone or something.

(Singular) (Plural)
Second Person Your Your
For Example:
Please remember to bring your umbrella.
Make sure to clean up your rooms before
guests arrive.
 Possessives
- show that a noun is owned by someone or something.

(Singular) (Plural)
Third Person his/her/it their
For Example:
He forgot to bring his lunch to work.
She left her phone at home.
That cat licked its paw.
They forgot to pick up their groceries from the store.
Be careful!
their/they’re/there

its/it’s

your/you’re
Quantifiers
- give information about a quantity of an object without
providing a number.

- used in countable and uncountable nouns or it

can use both.
Large Quantifiers
Countable Both Uncountable
many most much
several A lot of
For Example:
Many students attended the seminar.
Several books were missing from the shelf.
There wasn’t much sugar left in the jar.
Paula ate the most food.
Paula ate the most apples.
There are a lot of animals.
There is a lot of sand.
Small Quantifiers
Countable Uncountable
A few A little
A bit
For Example:
A few apples were left on the table.
A little water remained in the bottle.
A bit of advice can go a long way.
 Quantifiers that don’t need to specify
the quantity
Both
Some - positive statements

Any - negative statements/questions

For Example:
Some students participated in the science fair.
Some water was spilled on the floor.
I didn’t see any books on the shelf.
I don’t have any milk in the fridge.
Did you buy any apples at the store?
Did you spill any water on the floor?
Remember!
Determiners are used to introduce
nouns.
INTENSIFIERS
RUBIE FAITH P. AMBOYA
What is intensifier?
Intensifiers are words that gives force or
emphasis to a statement. These are words that are
combined to other words to make the meaning
stronger. Intensify means to make something more
strong.
Intensifiers are often adverbs that connect with
adjectives
 INTENSIFIER EXAMPLES
• She is extremely talented.
The intensifier extremely amplifies the degree of talent.

• He ran incredibly fast.

The intensifier incredibly emphasizes the speed of running.

• I completely agree with you.

The intensifier completely reinforces the agreement

• That’s absolutely amazing!

The intensifier absolutely intensifies the amazement
 Importance of Intensifiers
in Language
Intensifiers are particularly significant
since they have a large impact on expression
and communication. The use of these phrases
is essential in order to regular nouns or
adjectives to be emphasized more and to be
brought to the attention of the reader.
 Role of Intensifiers in
Sentence Construction

1. Clarity
2. Enhanced Communication
3. Supportive Role
 COMMON TYPES OF
INTENSIFIERS

Adverb Intensifiers
Adjective Intensifiers
ADVERB INTENSIFIER
An adverb intensifier is any adverb that is
either intensive or supportive and comes between
the verb or another word at the beginning of the
phrase and the middle of the sentence, defining an
action or feeling.
EXAMPLES OF ADVERB INTENSIFIER
1. She ran very quickly.
2. He spoke extremely softly.
3. They danced quite gracefully.
4. The car drove dangerously.
5. The team played remarkably well.
ADJECTIVE INTENSIFIERS
An adjective intensifier is any
adjective that places greater emphasis on
the primary word, elevating the status of
the principal adjective for the term to a
position that is more dominant in the
phrase and valid focus.
EXAMPLES OF ADJECTIVE MODIFIERS
1. The movie was incredibly entertaining.
2. She is exceptionally talented.
3. The dress is absolutely stunning.
4. He is completely exhausted.
5. The food was deliciously spicy.
JESSA M. ARCHETA
QUALIFIERS
INTENSIFIERS MITIGATORS
01

02

03

04
01
02
03
04
 :

PRECISION RELEVANCE CONSISTENCY AVOID REDUNDUNCY

Be mindful of not
Choose Ensure that Maintain using qualifiers
qualifiers that qualifiers are consistency in that are redundant
precisely convey relevant to the the use of or repetitive,
adding
the intended context and qualifiers unnecessary words
meaning or contribute throughout a without enhancing
degree. meaningfully to piece of writing meaning.
the sentence. to avoid
confusion.
 CLARITY GRAMMAR AND VARIED CONSIDER THE
SYNTAX EXPRESSION AUDIENCE

Use qualifiers to Pay attention to Explore a variety Adapt your use

enhance clarity the grammatical of qualifiers to of qualifiers to
and provide a structure and add diversity the
clearer picture of syntax to ensure and richness to understanding
the action or that qualifiers fit your language and
description. seamlessly into use expectations of
the sentence. your audience
 ADDING 01 PROVIDING
03
PRECISION CONTEXT
ANSWERING HOW,
WHEN,WHERE, OR HOW
MUCH

05

EXPRESSING
DEGREE ENHANCING
04
02 DESCRIPTION
MODIFIERS
LESTER TEŇOSO
ALTHEO JEUNNE BALUBAL
What is modifier?
Modifier is a significant concept in English grammar
that influences the way we comprehend sentences. It refers to
words, phrases, or clauses that provide specific details about
other words or phrases in a sentence, thereby enhancing its
meaning.
 TYPES OF MODIFIERS:

ADJECTIVE AND
Nouns and verbsAD V Estraightforward
make RB statements
about what things are and what they do. However, the world is
not black and white – there are infinite details that need to be
expressed. Modifiers give additional information about nouns,
pronouns, verbs, and themselves to make those things more
definite. There are two types of modifiers: adjectives and
adverbs.
 ADJECTIVE
MODIFIERS
An adjective modifier modifies a noun or
pronoun. It provides more information or details
about the noun or pronoun which could be a quality, size, or
number, among other attributes.

Consider the example:

"She wore a beautiful dress."
In this context, 'beautiful' is an adjective modifier which modifies
the noun 'dress' by describing its quality.
ADJECTIVE
MODIFIERS
Adjectives may come before or after a noun. They may
also come at the end of a sentence with a “to be” verb (see
predicate adjectives, from parts of speech lesson).

Blue dolphins play in the Pacific.

The portrait, priceless to collectors, was stolen out of the
museum last night.
Lipstick is expensive.
ADJECTIVE
MODIFIERS
Adjectives can take several forms:
• Articles. Remember from the nouns lesson, the three
articles a, an, and the are adjectives.
Example: Pass me a plate.
The digital camera was dropped and all the files were deleted.

• Titles. Mr., Mrs., Dr., Rev., Jr. and other name-modifiers are
adjectives.
Example: Mr. Rogers had a children’s show with a train and
puppet.
Mt. Kota Kinabalu is the tallest mountain in Java
 ADJECTIVE
•
MODIFIERS
Possessives. Just as there are possessive pronoun forms, there
are possessive adjective forms. These forms are my, you, his,
her, its, our, their
Example: Lord Percival gambled all his money on horses.
The students fumbled for their textbooks.

• Comparative. Adjectives can indicate comparisons between

re l at i o n s h i ps . M a ny a d j e c t i ve s h ave a co m p a rat i ve fo r m
indicating that something is better or more than something
else and a superlative form indicating that something is the
best or most
ADJECTIVE
MODIFIERS
• Possessives. Just as there are possessive pronoun forms, there are
possessive adjective forms. These forms are my, you, his, her, its, our,
their
Example: Lord Percival gambled all his money on horses.
The students fumbled for their textbooks.

• Comparative. Adjectives can indicate comparisons between

relationships. Many adjectives have a comparative form indicating that
something is better or more than something else and a superlative
form indicating that something is the best or most. Example:
 ADJECTIVE
MODIFIERS
• Numbers. Numbers are classified as adjectives because
they modify how many of a noun.
Example: There are nine eggs in that nest.
Sixteen children were caught in the blast.

• Nouns. Nouns can sometimes be used as adjectives if a

noun is modifying another noun.
Example: The cookie jar was empty this morning.
The mountain range spread across the land.
 ADJECTIVE
MODIFIERS
• Demonstrative adjectives: The demonstrative pronouns
(see noun lesson) can also be used as adjectives.
Example: That doctor is being sued for malpractice.
Don’t put those apples in the pie; they have worms.

• Indefinite adjective. Like indefinite pronouns (lesson 4),

adjectives can express non-specific amounts.
Example: No girls are allowed in the boy’s tree house.
I only donate some money to charity.
ADVERB MODIFIERS
Contrarily, an adverb modifier modifies verbs,
adjectives, or other adverbs. It typically describes the
time, manner, place, condition, degree, and frequency.
Consider the example: "He runs quickly".

Here, 'quickly' is an adverb modifier that

modifies the verb 'runs' by describing how the action is
performed.
ADVERB MODIFIERS
Purposes of Adverbs
• MANNER - these answer the question “how?”
Example: She speaks Italian beautifully.
He works well.
You must drive your car carefully.
Eat quietly.
• PLACE - these answer the question “where?”
Example: We saw you outside.
We were sitting here.
We looked everywhere.
 ADVERB MODIFIERS
• TIME - these answer the question “when?”
Example: Afterwards we decided to go by car. I've done that
journey before. We haven't started yet. He still wears old-fashioned
clothes.
• FREQUENCY- these answer the question “how many times?”
Example: She is always honest. They sometimes spend the whole of
Saturday fishing. I have often wondered how they did that.
• DEGREE- these answer the question “to what extent?”
Example: The bottle is nearly empty. They should be able to
pass their exams quite easily.
 Prepositional Modifiers
• A prepositional modifier is a phrase that begins with a preposition
and modifies a noun, pronoun, or verb in a sentence. Prepositional
phrases typically provide information about location, time, direction,
manner, or other aspects of the main clause.
Examples:
The book on the table is mine
We will meet tomorrow afternoon
She walked along the path.
He spoke to her with kindness
She went to the store for groceries
 Verbal Modifiers
• A verbal modifier is a phrase formed from a verb that functions as
an adjective or adverb in a sentence. Verbal modifiers include
participial phrases, gerund phrases, and infinitive phrases. They
provide additional information about the subject or object of a
sentence, or about the action itself.
Examples:
The boy, eating an apple, looked happy.
Playing basketball helps me relax.
She is eager to learn new things.
 PLACEMENT OF
MODIFIERS
• The placement of modifiers is important to ensure the clarity and
correctness of a sentence, misplacing modifiers can lead to unclear
or awkward sentences.
 DANGLING MODIFIER
• A dangling modifier is a type of misplaced modifier where the
modifier is not properly connected to the word it is intended to
modify, resulting in confusion or ambiguity in the sentence.

• Dangling modifiers often occur when the word they are supposed
to modify is missing or located elsewhere in the sentence, making
the meaning unclear.
 DANGLING MODIFIER
Having finished our homework, the television was turned on

Having finished our homework, we turned on the television.

Hoping to catch the bus, the rain started to fall

Hoping to catch the bus, she got caught in the rain.

 SQUINTING MODIFIER
• A squinting modifier is a type of misplaced modifier where its
placement within the sentence makes it unclear whether it modifies
the word before it or the word after it. This ambiguity can lead to
confusion or multiple interpretations of the sentence.
 SQUINTING MODIFIER
She told her friend quickly to finish the report.

She quickly told her friend to finish the report.

I told my friend when the game was over I would play with him.

When the game was over, I told my friend I would play with him.
ACTIVITY
TIME!
 DETERMINERS
Directions: Read and understand each statement carefully and be able to choose the
letter of the correct answer.

1. Which determiner indicates possession?

A) The B )My C) Some D) An

2. Which determiner is used to refer to a specific person or thing?

A) Many B )This C) Any D) All

3. What determiner is used before countable nouns to indicate an unspecified quantity?

A) Those B ) Each C) Few D) Several

4. Which determiner indicates a specific member or members of a group?

A) Both B )Neither C) Either D) Every

5. What determiner is used before singular, countable nouns when you want to make a
generalization?
A) Such B ) Much C) Enough D) Most
 DETERMINERS
6. In the sentence "The professor assigned each student a different topic for the research
paper," identify the determiner.
A) Professor B ) Assigned C) Each D) Different

7. Consider the sentence "Many students find studying late at night helpful for their exam
preparation." Which word in the sentence serves as the determiner?
A) Students B ) Find C) Late D) Many

8. In the sentence "Several of the employees who attended the meeting expressed
concerns about the new policy," identify the determiner.
A) Employees B ) Attended C) Several D) Concerns

9. You are comparing the intelligence of different animals, and you want to emphasize the
most intelligent one. Which word would you use?
A) More intelligent B ) Most intelligent C) Many intelligent D) Much intelligent

10. You are describing the quantity of sugar needed for a recipe, but it's not an exact
measurement. Which word would you use?
A) Every sugar B ) Each sugar C) Enough sugar D) Lots of sugar
 INTENSIFIERS
1. Is "Absolutely" an intensifier? A.Yes B.No

2. Is "Totally" an intensifier? A.Yes B.No

3. A: How was your exam? B: Not good. It was _ difficult.

A.Absolutely B.Really

4. Is "Quite" an Intensifier? A.Yes B.No

5. Select an Intensifier:
A.Doctor B.Do / does C.Verb to be D.Very
 INTENSIFIERS
6. A: So, did you enjoy the film? B: No, I thought it was _ awful.
A.Totally B.About C.Real

7. Is an Intensifier a word that gives a weak meaning? A.Yes B.No

8. Success is __ probable.
A. seriously B.really C.highly D. remarkably

9. The soup was __ hot. We had to wait 15 minutes before we could eat it.
A. extremely B. amazingly C.enough D.absolutely

10. One person was ___ injured in the accident.

A. amazingly B. absolutely C. totally D.seriously
 QUALIFIERS
1. What is the primary purpose of qualifiers in English sentences?
a. Emphasize nouns b. Modify and limit meanings
c. Introduce new ideas d. Connect clauses

2. Which of the following is an example of a qualifier modifying an adjective?

a. The cat is black. b. The cat is very black.
c. The cat is sleeping. d. The cat is playful.

3. In the sentence "She sings ________ well," what type of word is needed to fill in the
blank? a. Adjective b. Adverb c. Verb d. Pronoun

4. What role do qualifiers play in enhancing language expression?

a. Creating confusion b. Adding redundancy
c. Providing precision and nuance d. Restricting vocabulary
5. Which word is a common qualifier indicating a high degree or intensity?
a. Almost b. Very c. Rarely d. Soon
 QUALIFIERS
6. How do qualifiers differ from intensifiers?
a. Qualifiers add precision, while intensifiers increase intensity.
b. Qualifiers emphasize nouns, while intensifiers modify adjectives.
c. Qualifiers and intensifiers are interchangeable.
d. Qualifiers focus on clarity, while intensifiers create ambiguity.

7. Why are qualifiers important for avoiding ambiguity in communication?

a. They introduce complex ideas. b. They emphasize emotions.
c. They clarify the degree or limitations of a statement. d. They simplify
language.

8. How do qualifiers impact sentence structure?

a. They only affect punctuation. b. They have no impact on structure.
b. c. They influence tone, emphasis, and meaning. d. They only modify verbs.
 QUALIFIERS
9. When might overusing qualifiers hinder effective communication?
a. When emphasizing key points b. When adding clarity
c. When diluting the impact of a statement d. When enhancing precision

10. What is the connection between qualifiers and linguistic modality?

a. Qualifiers have no relation to linguistic modality.
b. Qualifiers modify nouns in linguistic modality.
c. Qualifiers influence the speaker's attitude, certainty, or probability.
d. Qualifiers are exclusively used in written language.
 MODIFIERS
Instructions: Read each sentence carefully and determine whether the
underlined modifier/s is/are adverbial modifier or adjective modifier.
1. She spoke softly during the meeting.
2. The red car raced down the street.
3. He read the book quickly.
4. She wore a beautiful dress to the party.
5. The teacher spoke loudly to the students.
6. They walked slowly along the beach.
7. The large dog barked loudly.
8. He spoke eloquently during the presentation.
9. They climbed the steep mountain carefully.
10. She ran swiftly to catch the big bus.
 THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!