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PIR Sensor-Based Arduino Home Security System

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 Journal of e-ISSN: 2456-9860
Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences Volume-8, Issue-3 (September-December, 2023)

www.matjournals.com

PIR Sensor-Based Arduino Home Security System

Kazi Sultanabanu Sayyad Liyakat1*, Kazi Kutubuddin Sayyad Liyakat2, Gouse M Kosgiker3,
V. D. Gund4
1
Assistant Professor, Department of General Science and Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute
of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
2
Professor and Head, 3Associate Professor, 4Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering, Brahmdevdada Mane Institute of Technology, Solapur,
Maharashtra, India
*
Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Received Date: December 02, 2023 Published Date: December 22, 2023

ABSTRACT homeowners can set up the system

PIR sensor-based Arduino home security themselves. This not only saves the cost of
system is an advanced security system that installation but also gives homeowners the
uses a combination of PIR sensors and flexibility to modify the system according to
Arduino microcontroller to detect any their needs. Apart from its affordability and
movement in a designated area and trigger a ease of installation, the PIR sensor-based
response accordingly. This system is designed Arduino home security system is also energy-
to provide a cost-effective and efficient efficient. The PIR sensor only activates when
solution to secure homes and protect them it detects movement, which helps in
from any potential intruders. The PIR sensor, conserving energy. This makes it an
also known as the motion sensor, is a small environmentally friendly option as well.
electronic device that detects changes in
infrared radiation patterns caused by moving Keywords- Arduino, Energy, Home security,
objects. When an intruder enters the area Microcontroller, Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor
monitored by the PIR sensor, it detects the
change in the infrared radiation and triggers
the Arduino microcontroller to activate the INTRODUCTION
security system. The Arduino microcontroller
is the brain of this security system. The PIR The advancement of technology has
sensor-based Arduino home security system is brought about numerous changes in our lives,
highly customizable and can be tailored to one of which is the development of smart home
meet the specific needs of a homeowner. It systems. With the increasing number of burglary
can be programmed to activate different and theft cases, the need for a reliable and
responses depending on the time of the day or efficient home security system has become a
the type of movement detected. For instance, necessity. This is where the PIR (Passive
it can be set to send a notification to the Infrared) sensor-based Arduino home security
homeowner’s phone during the day and system comes into play [1-3].
activate an alarm at night. One of the main In today's world where security threats
advantages of this security system is its low are becoming increasingly common, it is
cost. The components used in the system, such imperative to take measures to ensure the safety
as the PIR sensor and Arduino of our homes. Traditional security systems can
microcontroller, are affordable and easily be expensive and complicated to install, but with
available. This makes it an ideal option for the advancement of technology, we now have
those looking for a budget-friendly home access to more cost-effective and user-friendly
security solution. Moreover, the PIR sensor- options. One such option is the PIR sensor-based
based Arduino home security system is easy Arduino home security system.
to install and does not require any A PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor is a
professional assistance. With some basic device that detects changes in infrared radiation,
knowledge of electronics and programming, which is emitted by all living beings and objects

33 Page 33-37 © MAT Journals 2023. All Rights Reserved

 Journal of e-ISSN: 2456-9860
Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences Volume-8, Issue-3 (September-December, 2023)

www.matjournals.com

with a temperature above absolute zero. This movement, reducing false alarms caused by pets
sensor is commonly used in motion detection or other animals [4-6].
systems, making it perfect for a home security This article focuses on how to use a PIR
system. The Arduino, on the other hand, is an motion sensor to create an Arduino-based home
open-source microcontroller board that can be security system. One of the main issues that
programmed to perform various tasks, including everyone is currently dealing with is home
controlling the PIR sensor. security. While some of the devices on the
The PIR sensor-based Arduino home market are very helpful in keeping your home
security system is a DIY project that can be secure, others are expensive and require frequent
easily implemented by anyone with basic maintenance. If you enjoy this project, check out
electronics knowledge. It is a cost-effective some other awesome Arduino projects. An
solution that offers the same level of security as Arduino UNO and a PIR motion sensor are used
traditional systems. The system works by in the construction of this home security system.
detecting any movement within its range and
triggering an alarm or notification to the PIR (PASSIVE INFRARED) SENSOR
homeowner.
To set up this system, the first step is to It is a unique electronic device that is
gather all the necessary components, including used to detect motion in its surrounding area. It
an Arduino board, PIR sensor, breadboard, is a small, low-cost, and easy-to-use sensor that
jumper wires, and a buzzer or LED for the has gained popularity in recent years due to its
alarm. The PIR sensor should be mounted in a wide range of applications. From home security
strategic location near the entrance of the house, systems to automatic lighting and even wildlife
preferably at a height of 6-8 feet. Once all the monitoring, PIR sensors have become an integral
components are connected correctly, the part of our daily lives.
Arduino board can be programmed to read the The working principle of a PIR sensor is
sensor's output and respond accordingly. based on the detection of infrared radiation
The system can be customized to suit the emitted by living beings and objects in its field
homeowner's needs. For instance, instead of an of view. This sensor consists of two halves, each
audible alarm, a notification can be sent to the having a pyroelectric sensor that generates a
homeowner's phone via a Wi-Fi module voltage when exposed to heat or infrared
connected to the Arduino. This way, they can be radiation. When a warm body, such as a human
alerted even if they are not at home. The system or animal, moves in front of the sensor, it causes
can also be integrated with other smart home a sudden change in the amount of infrared
devices, such as lights, to create a more radiation received by the two halves. This
comprehensive security system. In case of an change is then detected by the sensor, and it
intrusion, the lights can be programmed to turn triggers an output signal.
on, which can serve as a deterrent to the intruder. One of the most significant advantages
One of the significant advantages of this of PIR sensors is that they are passive, i.e., they
system is its low power consumption. The PIR do not emit any radiation and only detect
sensor only draws power when it detects infrared radiation emitted by other objects. This
movement, making it an energy-efficient option. makes them energy-efficient and safe for use in
The Arduino board can also be powered by a various applications. Additionally, PIR sensors
battery, making the system independent of any are highly sensitive and can detect even the
external power source. This feature is especially slightest movements, making them ideal for
useful in case of a power outage or if the security purposes.
intruder cuts off the electricity supply. One of the most common uses of PIR
Another benefit of the PIR sensor-based sensors is in home security systems. These
Arduino home security system is its versatility. sensors are often used in combination with other
The system can be expanded to include multiple security devices such as cameras and alarms to
sensors, covering a larger area of the house. This detect any unauthorized entry into the premises.
is particularly useful for larger homes or They are also commonly used in automatic
properties with multiple entry points. lighting systems, where the sensor detects the
Additionally, the system can be programmed to presence of a person and turns on the lights,
differentiate between human and non-human making it convenient and energy-efficient.

34 Page 33-37 © MAT Journals 2023. All Rights Reserved

 Journal of e-ISSN: 2456-9860
Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences Volume-8, Issue-3 (September-December, 2023)

www.matjournals.com

Apart from security and lighting, PIR do have some limitations. They are only
sensors also find applications in the field of effective in detecting movement and cannot
wildlife monitoring. These sensors are used to differentiate between human and non-human
detect the movement of animals in their natural sources of infrared radiation. This can lead to
habitat without causing any disturbance to them. false alarms in security systems. Also, these
This has proved to be an effective way of sensors are not suitable for use in harsh
studying animal behavior and their habitat environments as extreme temperatures or direct
without interfering with their natural activities sunlight can affect their accuracy.
[7-9]. In conclusion, PIR sensors have
Another significant advantage of PIR revolutionized the way we interact with our
sensors is their cost-effectiveness. They are surroundings. With their wide range of
relatively inexpensive compared to other motion applications and cost-effectiveness, they have
sensors, making them accessible for commercial become an essential part of our daily lives. As
and residential use. Also, they are easy to install technology continues to advance, we can expect
and require minimal maintenance, making them to see more developments in PIR sensors (Fig.
a popular choice among users [10]. 1), making them even more versatile and
Despite their many benefits, PIR sensors efficient in the years to come.

Figure 1: PIR sensor.

It is a small, programmable device that monitor. An AC bulb and an LED light will both
can be easily connected to various sensors and turn on when Arduino receives a HIGH output.
actuators. It is responsible for processing the Here, we use a relay module to turn on and off
signal from the PIR sensor and triggering a the air conditioner bulb. Please take the
response, such as activating an alarm or sending appropriate safety measures when working with
a notification to the homeowner. an AC load.

PROPOSED SYSTEM Components Required

To identify when an object moves inside  Arduino UNO

or outside of the sensor's detection range, a PIR  USB cable for the project
is utilized (Fig. 2). Two trim pots are included  PIR motion sensor
with it to change the delay time and sensitivity.  Jumper wires
We can modify them based on how they are  LED and a 220-ohm resistor
used. The sensor produces a HIGH output when  Relay module
it detects movement within its detection range,  AC power supply
and a LOW output otherwise. We can also view  AC bulb
the real-time readings on the Arduino serial  Power supply

35 Page 33-37 © MAT Journals 2023. All Rights Reserved

 Journal of e-ISSN: 2456-9860
Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences Volume-8, Issue-3 (September-December, 2023)

www.matjournals.com

Figure 2: Proposed system.

The connections must be made in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

accordance with the circuit diagram above.
Connect the relay module and the PIR motion Fig. 3 below shows the Arduino setup
sensor's VCC to the Arduino's 5-volt pin. Link code which is used to initialize PIR Sensor, LED
the Arduino's GND pin to the PIR sensors and and Relay. When any motion is there, the Bulb
the relay module's GNDs. Connect the PIR will glow, in future we will use buzzer for
sensor's OUT pin to the Arduino's digital-2 pin. motion detection and representation. To identify
Link the Arduino's digital pin 10 to the relay when an object moves inside or outside of the
module's DATA pin. As indicated by the sensor's detection range, a passive infrared
diagram, connect the AC load and light bulb on sensor is utilised. Two trim pots are included
the opposite side of the relay module. Connect with it to change the delay time and sensitivity.
the LED's positive leg to the Arduino's digital-9 We can modify them based on how they are
pin and its negative leg to the Arduino's ground used. The sensor produces a HIGH output when
via a 220-ohm resistor. A breadboard can be it detects movement within its detection range,
used to create the common connections. After and a LOW output otherwise. Additionally,
uploading the code, your security system is now we can view the current values on the Arduino
operational. serial monitor.

Figure 3: Code for Arduino setup.

36 Page 33-37 © MAT Journals 2023. All Rights Reserved

 Journal of e-ISSN: 2456-9860
Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences Volume-8, Issue-3 (September-December, 2023)

www.matjournals.com

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Kazi Sultanabanu Sayyad Liyakat, et al. (2023). PIR Sensor-Based Arduino Home Security
System, Journal of Instrumentation and Innovation Sciences, 8(3), 33-37.

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