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GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU

COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

HIGHER SECONDARY FIRST YEAR

Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime

A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu

Department of School Education

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Government of Tamil Nadu

First Edition - 2018
Revised Edition - 2019
(Published under new syllabus)

NOT FOR SALE

Content Creation

The wise
possess all

State Council of Educational

Research and Training
© SCERT 2019

Printing & Publishing

Tamil NaduTextbook and Educational

Services Corporation
www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in

II
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Human civilization achieved the highest peak with the

development of computer known as “Computer era”.
Literate are those who have the
knowledge in using the computer
PREFACE whereas others are considered
illiterate inspite of the other degrees
obtained.
T h e growth of the nation at present lies in the
hands of the youth, hence the content of this book is
prepared in such a way so as to attain utmost knowledge
considering the future needs of the youth.

 his book does not require

T
prior knowledge in computer HOW
Technology
TO USE
 ach unit comprises of simple
E THE BOOK
activities and demonstrations
which can be done by the teacher
and also students.
 echnical terminologies are listed
T
in glossary for easy understanding
 he “ Do you know?” boxes enrich the knowledge of reader with
T
additional information
 orkshops are introduced to solve the exercises using software
W
applications
QR codes are used to link supporting additional
materials in digital form
How to get connected to QR Code?
o 
Download the QR code scanner from the google play store/
apple app store into your smartphone
o Open the QR code scanner application
o Once the scanner button in the application is clicked, camera opens
and then bring it closer to the QR code in the textbook.
o Once the camera detects the QR code, a URL appears in the screen.
Click the URL and go to the content page.

III
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CAREER GUIDANCE AFTER 12TH

COLLEGES/
COURSES PROFESSION
UNIVERSITIES
Software Engineer, Hardware
All University and their affiliated
Engineer, Software
B.E / B.Tech Colleges and Self financing Colleges in
Development, Healthcare
India and Abroad.
Section, IT & ITEs
Science and Humanities
B.Sc (Computer Science)
BCA
B.Sc ( Maths, Physics, Chemistry, All University and their affiliated Government Job and Private
Bio-Chemistry, Geography, Colleges and Self financing Colleges in Company BPO, Geologist,
journalism, Library Sciences, India and Abroad. Journalist
Political Science, Travel and
Tourism)
LAW
LLB
B.A+LLB All University and their affiliated
Lawyer, Legal Officer, Govt
B.Com Colleges and Self financing Colleges in
Job
BBM+LLB India and Abroad.
BBA+LLB
The Institute of Chartered Accountant
CA CA Private and Govt.
of India (ICAI)
Government Polytechnic and Self- Junior Engineer (Government
Diploma
financing colleges and Private)
Commerce Courses
B.com-Regular,
B.com-Taxation & Tax Procedure,
B.com-Travel &Tourism,
B.com-Bank Management,
B.com-Professional,
BBA/BBM-Regular,
BFM- Bachelors in Financial
Private Organization ,
Markets, All University and their affiliated
Government ,Banking sectors
BMS-Bachelors in Management Colleges and Self financing Colleges in
and prospects for self –
Studies, India and Abroad.
employment.
BAF- Bachelors in Accounting &
Finance,
Certified Stock Broker &
Investment Analysis,
Certified Financial Analyst,
Certified Financial Planner,
Certified Investment Banker

IV
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COLLEGES/
COURSES PROFESSION
UNIVERSITIES
Management Courses
Business Management
Bank Management
Private Organization ,
Event Management All University and their affiliated
Government ,Banking sectors
Hospital Management Colleges and Self financing Colleges in
and prospects for self –
Human Resource Management India and Abroad.
employment.
Logistics Management

LAW
LLB
Lawyer, Legal Officer, Private
B.A+LLB All University and their affiliated
Organization , Government,
B.Com Colleges and Self financing Colleges in
Banking sectors and prospects
BBM+LLB India and Abroad.
for self – employment
BBA+LLB
CA-Chartered Accountant
CA, Private Organization,
CMA-Cost Management
The Institute of Chartered Accountant Government ,Banking sectors
Accountant.
of India (ICAI) and prospects for self –
CS-Company Secretary
employment.
(Foundation)
Science and Humanities
B.Sc.Botany
B.Sc.Zoology
B.Sc.Dietician & Nutritionist
B.Sc.Home Science
B.Sc.Food Technology All University and their affiliated Government Job and Private
B.Sc.Dairy Technology Colleges and Self financing Colleges in Company BPO, Geologist,
B.Sc. Hotel Management India and Abroad Journalist
B.Sc. Fashion Design
B.Sc. Mass Communication
B.Sc. Multimedia
B.Sc. -3D Animation
LAW
LLB
B.A+LLB All University and their affiliated
Lawyer, Legal Officer, Govt
B.Com Colleges and Self financing Colleges in
Job
BBM+LLB India and Abroad.
BBA+LLB
The Institute of Chartered Accountant
CA CA Private and Govt.
of India (ICAI)
Government Polytechnic and Self- Junior Engineer (Government
Diploma
financing colleges and Private)

V
 Table of Contents
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Chapter
Title Page Month
No.
UNIT I –FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER AND WORKING WITH
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
1 Introduction to Computers 1 June
2 Number Systems 14 June
3 Computer Organization 32 June
4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System 41 July
48 July
5 Working with Windows Operating System

UNIT II-WORD PROCESSOR

6 Introduction to Word Processor 67 July

7 Inserting tables, Objects and Printing document 100 August
8 Mail Merge & Additional Tools 118 August
UNIT III – WEB PAGE DEVELOPMENT USING HTML AND CSS
9 Introduction to Spreadsheet 135 September
10 Functions and Chart 176 September

11 Data Tools and Printing 207 October

12 Presentation Basics 227 October

13 Presentation Advanced 249 October
UNIT IV – JAVASCRIPT
14 Computer Network 273 November
15 Introduction to Internet and Email 299 November
16 Tamil Computing 316 November

E - book Assessment DIGI links

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Unit I Fundamentals of Computers CHAPTER

1
Introduction to Computers
Learning Objectives 1.1 Introduction to Computers
Computers are seen everywhere
After learning the concepts in this chapter,
around us, in all spheres of life, in the field
the students will be able of education, research, travel and tourism,
• To know about Computers weather forecasting, social networking,
• To learn about various generations of e-commerce etc. Computers have now
computer become an indispensable part of our lives.
• To understand the basic operations of Computers have revolutionised our lives with
computers their accuracy and speed of performing a job,
• To know the components and their it is truly remarkable. Today, no organisation
functions. can function without a computer. In fact,
• To know about booting of a computer various organisations have become paperless.
Computers have evolved over the years from
a simple calculating device to high speed
Father of Computer portable computers.
Charles Babbage The growth of computer industry started
is considered with the need for performing fast calculations.
to be the The manual method of computing was slow
father of computer, and prone to errors. So, attempts were made
for his invention
to develop fast calculating devices, the journey
and the concept of
Analytical Engine in started from the first known calculating device
1837. The Analytical (Abacus) which has led us today to an extremely
Engine contained an high speed calculating devices.
Arithmetic Logic Unit 1.2 Generations of Computers
(ALU), basic flow
control, and integrated Growth in the computer industry is
memory; which led determined by the development in technology.
to the development of first general-
purpose computer concept. Based on various stages of development,
computers can be categroised into different
generations.
Main Component
SN Generation Period Merits/Demerits
used

• Big in size
First 1940- • Consumed more power
1
Generation 1956 • Malfunction due to overheat
• Machine Language was used
Vacuum tubes

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First Generation Computers - ENIAC , EDVAC , UNIVAC 1

ENIAC weighed about 27 tons, size 8 feet × 100 feet × 3 feet and consumed around 150
watts of power
• Smaller compared to First
Generation
• Generated Less Heat
• Consumed less power
compared to first generation
Second 1956- • Punched cards were used
2
Generation 1964 • First operating system was
developed - Bat ch Processing
Transistors and Multiprogramming
Operating System
• Machine language as well as
Assembly language was used.
Second Generation Computers IBM 1401, IBM 1620, UNIVAC 1108

• Computers were smaller,

Third 1964 faster and more reliable
3 • Consumed less power
Generation -1971 • High Level Languages were
Integrated
used
Circuits (IC)

Third Generation Computers IBM 360 series, Honeywell 6000 series

• Smaller and Faster

• Microcomputer series such
Fourth 1971- as IBM and APPLE were
4 developed
Generation 1980 Microprocessor
• Portable Computers were
Very Large Scale introduced.
Integrated Circuits
(VLSI)
• Parallel Processing
• Super conductors
• Computers size was drastically
reduced.
• Can recognise Images and
Fifth 1980 - till Graphics
5
Generation date • Introduction of Artificial
Intelligence and Expert
Ultra Large Systems
Scale Integration • Able to solve high complex
(ULSI) problems including decision
making and logical reasoning

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• Parallel and Distributed

computing
• Computers have become
Sixth smarter, faster and smaller
6 In future
Generation • Development of robotics
• Natural Language Processing
• Development of Voice
Recognition Software
Table1.1 Generations of computers

The first digital computer Optical Character

Recognition (Optical
The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Grapheme Recognition) engine
Integrator And Calculator) for the Indus Scripts has been
was invented by J. Presper Eckert and developed using Deep Learning Neural
John Mauchly at Networks (a sub-field of Artificial
the University of Intelligence).
Pennsylvania and Given photographs, scans, or any image
began construction feed of an Indus Valley Civilization
in 1943 and was artifact, the system will
not completed until be able to recognise the
1946. It occupied about 1,800 square feet and inscriptions (the symbol/
used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing grapheme sequences)
almost 50 tons. ENIAC was the first digital from the image. There
computer because it was fully functional. are totally 417 Symbols/
Graphemes/Characters in the Indus
1.3 Sixth Generation Computing
Scripts and just 3700+ text inscriptions
of data for the machine to learn and
In the Sixth Generation, computers
attain expert-level status.
could be defined as the era of intelligent
computers, based on Artificial Neural
Networks. One of the most dramatic
changes in the sixth generation will be the
explosive growth of Wide Area Networking.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is
a component of Artificial Intelligence
(AI). It provides the ability to develop the 1.4. Data and Information
computer program to understand human
language. We all know what a computer is? It
is an electronic device that processes the
input according to the set of instructions
provided to it and gives the desired output

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at a very fast rate. Computers are very programs or instructions. Both hardware
versatile as they do a lot of different tasks and software together make the computer
such as storing data, weather forecasting, system to function.
booking airlines, railway or movie tickets
and even playing games.
Data: Data is defined as an un-
processed collection of raw facts, suitable
for communication, interpretation or
pro cessing.
For example, 134, 16 ‘Kavitha’, ‘C’
are data. This will not give any meaningful
message.
Information: Information is a Figure 1.2: Computer
collection of facts from which conclusions Let us first have a look at the
may be drawn. In simple words we can say functional components of a computer.
that data is the raw facts that is processed Every task given to a computer follows an
to give meaningful, ordered or structured Input- Process- Output Cycle (IPO cycle).
information. For example Kavitha is It needs certain input, processes that
16 years old. This information is about input and produces the desired output.
Kavitha and conveys some meaning. This The input unit takes the input, the central
conversion of data into information is processing unit does the processing of
called data processing. data and the output unit produces the
output. The memory unit holds the data
and instructions during the processing.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

DATA Control Unit

INFORMATION

Figure 1.1 Data and Information Input Unit

ALU
Output Unit

“A Computer is an electronic device that Internal

Memory Data Path
takes raw data (unprocessed) as an input Control Path

from the user and processes it under the Main Memory

control of a set of instructions (called Secondary Storage

program), produces a result (output), and
Figure 1.3 components of a computer
saves it for future use.”
1.5 Components of a Computer 1.5.1 Input Unit
Input unit is used to feed any form
The computer is the combination of of data to the computer, which can be
hardware and software. Hardware is the stored in the memory unit for further
physical component of a computer like processing. Example: Keyboard, mouse,
motherboard, memory devices, monitor, etc.
keyboard etc., while software is the set of

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1.5.2 Central Processing Unit to temporarily store the programs and

CPU is the major component data when the instructions are ready to
which interprets and executes software execute. The secondary memory is used
instructions. It also control the operation to store the data permanently.
of all other components such as memory, The Primary Memory is volatile, that
input and output units. It accepts binary is, the content is lost when the power supply
data as input, process the data according is switched off. The Random Access Memory
to the instructions and provide the result (RAM) is an example of a main memory. The
as output. Secondary memory is non volatile, that is,
The CPU has three components the content is available even after the power
which are Control unit, Arithmetic and supply is switched off. Hard disk, CD-ROM
logic unit (ALU) and Memory unit. and DVD ROM are examples of secondary
memory.
1.5.2.1 Arithmetic and Logic Unit
1.5.5. Input and Output Devices
The ALU is a part of the CPU
where various computing functions are Input Devices:
performed on data. The ALU performs (1) Keyboard: Keyboard (wired /
arithmetic operations such as addition, wireless, virtual) is the most common input
subtraction, multiplication, division device used today. The individual keys for
and logical operations. The result of an letters, numbers and special characters
operation is stored in internal memory are collectively known as character keys.
of CPU. The logical operations of ALU This keyboard layout is derived from the
promote the decision-making ability of a keyboard of original typewriter. The data
computer. and instructions are given as input to
the computer by typing on the keyboard.
1.5.2.2 Control Unit
Apart from alphabet and numeric keys,
The control unit controls the flow of it also has Function keys for performing
data between the CPU, memory and different functions. There are different set
I/O devices. It also controls the entire of keys available in the keyboard such as
operation of a computer. character keys, modifier keys, system and
GUI keys, enter and editing keys, function
1.5.3. Output Unit
keys, navigation keys, numeric keypad
An Output Unit is any hardware and lock keys.
component that conveys information to
users in an understandable form. Example:
Monitor, Printer etc.
1.5.4. Memory Unit
The Memory Unit is of two types Figure 1.4 Keyboard
which are primary memory and secondary (2) Mouse: Mouse (wired/wireless)
memory. The primary memory is used is a pointing device used to control the
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movement of the cursor on the display Fingerprint Reader / Scanner is a very safe
screen. It can be used to select icons, and convenient
menus, command buttons or activate device for security
something on a computer. Some mouse instead of using
actions are move, click, double click, right passwords, which
click, drag and drop. is vulnerable to
Different types of mouse available fraud and is hard
are: Mechanical Mouse, Optical, Laser to remember. Figure 1.6 Fingerprint
Mouse, Air Mouse, 3D Mouse, Tactile Scanner
Mouse, Ergonomic Mouse and Gaming (5) Track Ball:
Mouse. Track ball is similar to
the upside- down design
Who invented
of the mouse. The user
Mouse?
moves the ball directly,
The computer while the device itself
Figure 1.7 Track
mouse as we know it remains stationary. The
Ball
today was user spins the ball in
invented various directions to navigate the screen
and developed by movements.
Douglas Engelbart, with (6) Retinal Scanner: This performs
the assistance of Bill a retinal scan which is a biometric
English, during the 1960's technique that uses unique patterns on a
and was patented on November 17, 1970. person's retinal blood vessels.

(3) Scanner: Scanners are used to

enter the information directly into the
c o m p u t e r ’s
memory. This
device works like
a Xerox machine.
The scanner Figure 1.8 Retinal Scanner
converts any Figure 1.5 Scanner (7) Light Pen: A light pen is a
type of printed pointing device
or written information including shaped like a pen
photographs into a digital format, which and is connected
can be manipulated by the computer. to a monitor. The
tip of the light
(4)Fingerprint Scanner: Finger pen contains a
print Scanner is a fingerprint recognition l i g h t - s e n s i t i v e Figure 1.9 Light Pen
device used for computer security, element which detects the light from the
equipped with the fingerprint recognition screen enabling the computer to identify the
feature that uses biometric technology. location of the pen on the screen. Light pens
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have the advantage of ‘drawing’ directly onto new approach to input information into
the screen, but this becomes hard to use, and the Computer.
is also not accurate. (11) Digital Camera: It captures
(8) Optical Character Reader: It is images / videos
a device which directly in the digital
detects characters form. It uses a CCD
printed or written (Charge Coupled
on a paper with Device) electronic
OCR, a user can chip. When light falls
scan a page from a on the chip through
book. The Computer the lens, it converts Figure 1.13
will recognise the Figure 1.10 Optical light rays into digital Digital Camera
characters in the Character Reader format.
page as letters and punctuation marks and
(12) Touch Screen: A touch screen
stores. The Scanned document can be
is a display device that allows the user to
edited using a wordprocessor.
interact with a computer by using the
(9) Bar Code / QR Code Reader: A finger. It can be quite useful as an
Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of alternative to a mouse or keyboard for
different thickness. The Bar code reader
navigating a Graphical
scans the information on the bar codes
User Interface (GUI).
transmits to the
Touch screens are used
Computer for
further processing. on a wide variety of
The system gives devices such as
fast and error free computers, laptops,
entry of monitors, smart
information into Figure 1.11 Bar code phones, tablets, cash
the computer. Reader registers and
QR (Quick response) Code: The information kiosks. Figure 1.14 Touch
Some touch screens Screen
QR code is the two dimension bar code
which can be read by a camera and use a grid of infrared beams to sense the
processed to interpert the image. presence of a finger instead of utilizing
(10) Voice Input Systems: touch-sensitive input.
Microphone serves as ( 1 3 )
a voice Input device. Keyer : A Keyer
It captures the voice is a device for
data and send it to signaling by hand,
the Computer. Using by way of pressing
the microphone one or more Figure 1.15 Keyer
along with speech switches. Modern
Figure 1.12 Voice keyers have a large number of switches
recognition software
input System but not as many as a full size keyboard.
can offer a completely
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