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Logical Dbms Architectur1

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8 views2 pages

Logical Dbms Architectur1

Uploaded by

techresearch manhut
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logical dbms architecture

The logical architecture of a Database Management System (DBMS) refers to the way the
system organizes data internally and interacts with users and applications. This architecture
typically includes several layers that handle different aspects of data management, such as
data storage, query processing, and user interaction. Here is a breakdown of the logical
DBMS architecture:

1. External Level

 User Views: This is the highest level and it consists of various user views or schemas.
Each view is designed to meet the specific needs of a user or a group of users. These
views are also known as external schemas.
 User Interfaces and APIs: Interfaces such as SQL queries, graphical user interfaces
(GUIs), and APIs that allow users to interact with the database.

2. Conceptual Level

 Global Schema: This level provides a unified view of the entire database,
independent of how data is physically stored. It describes what data is stored in the
database and the relationships among those data.
 Data Independence: The conceptual schema ensures logical data independence,
meaning changes at this level do not affect the external level.

3. Internal Level

 Physical Data Organization: This is the lowest level of abstraction and deals with
the physical storage of data. It includes details about data storage methods, indexes,
and access paths.
 Internal Schema: This schema describes the physical storage structure of the
database. It ensures physical data independence, meaning changes to the internal
schema do not affect the conceptual schema.

4. Mapping Between Levels

 External/Conceptual Mapping: Defines how each external schema maps to the


conceptual schema. It allows different users to have different views of the same data.
 Conceptual/Internal Mapping: Defines how the conceptual schema maps to the
internal schema. It ensures that the database can be restructured without affecting
users.

5. Additional Components

 Data Definition Language (DDL): Used to define the database schema. It includes
commands for creating, altering, and deleting database objects such as tables and
indexes.
 Data Manipulation Language (DML): Used for querying and updating data. It
includes commands for inserting, updating, deleting, and retrieving data.
 Query Processor: Interprets and executes DML statements. It includes a query
optimizer that determines the most efficient way to execute a query.
 Transaction Manager: Ensures that the database remains in a consistent state by
managing transactions. It ensures ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation,
Durability) properties.
 Storage Manager: Manages the allocation of space on disk and in memory, and
handles data retrieval and update operations.
 Buffer Manager: Manages the buffer pool, which is the memory area that caches
data pages from the disk.

Summary

The logical architecture of a DBMS is structured to provide data abstraction and manage data
efficiently. It separates user views (external level), a unified logical view of data (conceptual
level), and physical data storage (internal level), with mappings to ensure independence and
consistency across these levels. This architecture facilitates data management, query
processing, transaction handling, and ensures the integrity and security of data.

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