PMT

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
*0322410782*

CHEMISTRY 9701/51
Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation May/June 2017
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB17 06_9701_51/5RP
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BLANK PAGE

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1 The pain of muscle strains and swellings can be eased by using heat packs. As a source of heat,
some heat packs use the energy released when anhydrous calcium chloride dissolves in water.

water
CaCl 2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl –(aq)

A heat pack consists of a bag of water, inside which a smaller bag contains anhydrous calcium
chloride. When pressure is applied to the heat pack, the smaller bag bursts releasing the anhydrous
calcium chloride into the water. The heat pack is shaken to speed up dissolving. Energy is released
which warms the heat pack.

A student carried out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change when anhydrous calcium
chloride dissolves in distilled water. The results the student obtained are plotted on the graph on
page 4.

(a) By considering the graph of results, draw a labelled diagram of the experimental set-up that the
student could have used to produce the graph shown.
Label the apparatus and chemicals required to measure the two variables.

[2]

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40

38

36

34

32

temperature
/ °C
30

28

26

24

22

20
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

time / minutes

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(b) Explain why the student took readings between 0.0 minutes and 2.5 minutes.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Explain why the student did not take a reading at 3.0 minutes.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Explain why the temperature continued to increase between 3.5 minutes and 4.5 minutes.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Dra t o straig t lines o est t on t e grid. trapolate t ese lines to esti ate t e t eoretical
temperature rise at 3.0 minutes. Give your answer to one decimal place.

theoretical temperature rise at 3.0 minutes = .............................. °C [2]

(f) One of the results is anomalous. This occurred because the student took the thermometer out
of the solution and then replaced it just before the reading was taken.

The time at which the anomalous reading was taken was ................. minutes.

Explain why these actions led to the anomalous point.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(g) Explain why stirring the mixture would make this experiment more reliable.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(h) n drous calciu c loride is classi ed as a oderate ealt a ard. t is an irritant.

Apart from wearing eye protection, state one other relevant safety precaution the student
should have taken.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(i) The student found the value for the enthalpy change of solution of anhydrous calcium chloride
to be –82.5 kJ mol–1.
A manufacturer produces a heat pack that contains 75.0 g of water.

Calculate the mass of anhydrous calcium chloride the manufacturer must use in the inner bag
to produce a rise in temperature of 30.0 °C.
e speci c eat capacit o ater, c = 4.18 J g–1 K–1.
[Ar: Ca, 40.1; Cl, 35.5]

mass of anhydrous CaCl 2 = .............................. g [2]

[Total: 12]

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2 Sucrose is a sugar. The concentration of a solution of sucrose can be measured by the optical
rotation, α, of a sucrose solution. The more concentrated the solution, the greater the optical
rotation of the solution.

A polarimeter is used to measure optical rotation. Light is passed through a sample of the sucrose
solution in a glass cell, and the observed angle of rotation, αobs, is measured.

si pli ed diagra o a polari eter is s o n.

eyepiece

eye of
observer

light glass cell rotated light

a glass cell o lengt c is lled it a solution o sucrose o concentration gc –3

the
easured angle o rotation is no n as t e speci c rotation, α].

The observed angle of rotation, αobs, measured by the polarimeter is related mathematically to the
concentration of the sucrose solution by the equation shown.

αobs = [α]c

αobs is the observed angle of rotation using a 10 cm cell

[α is t e speci c rotation o sucrose solution

c is the concentration of sucrose, in g cm–3

student anted to deter ine t e speci c rotation o sucrose, α]. Solutions of different
concentrations of sucrose at 20 °C were placed in a polarimeter and the observed angle of rotation,
αobs, recorded. The ‘+’ sign is used to show that the rotation is in a clockwise direction.

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concentration of
observed angle
sucrose, c
of rotation, αobs
/ g cm–3

0.0750 +5.05
0.0700 +4.70
0.0650 +4.40
0.0600 +4.00
0.0500 +3.30
0.0450 +2.55
0.0350 +2.30
0.0300 +1.95
0.0250 +1.68
0.0200 +1.40

(a) (i) Plot a graph on the grid on page 9 to show the relationship between concentration of
sucrose, c, and observed angle of rotation, αobs.
Use a cross (× to plot eac data point. Dra a line o est t.

(ii) Circle the most anomalous point on your graph. [1]

(iii) se t e grap to deter ine t e speci c rotation, α], of sucrose.

Give this value to two decimal places.
State the co-ordinates of both points you used in your calculation.

co-ordinates 1 ............................................. co-ordinates 2 .............................................

speci c rotation o sucrose, α] = ..............................

[2]

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5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

αobs

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
0.000 0.0100 0.0200 0.0300 0.0400 0.0500 0.0600 0.0700 0.0800

c / g cm–3

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10

(b) You are asked to write instructions for another student to follow so they can prepare a standard
solution of 250 cm3 0.0750 g cm–3 sucrose. The student is provided with solid sucrose and a
250 cm3 olu etric flas .

(i) Calculate the mass, in g, of sucrose the student would need to use.

mass of sucrose = .............................. g [1]

(ii) Describe how the student should accurately prepare the standard solution using a sample
of sucrose of mass calculated in (i).

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) (i) The student used the standard solution prepared in (b) to prepare the solutions in the table
on page 8.

Calculate the volume of standard solution of concentration 0.0750 g cm–3 and the volume
of distilled water needed to prepare 15.00 cm3 of sucrose solution of concentration
0.0350 g cm–3.
Give your answers to two decimal places.

volume of standard solution = .............................. cm3

volume of distilled water = .............................. cm3

[1]

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11

The volumes of the two solutions given in (c)(i) could be measured using the same type of
apparatus.

(ii) Name a suitable piece of apparatus which could be used to measure these volumes.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) n (a)(ii) you circled an anomalous point. This was caused by the student incorrectly
making one of the sucrose solutions.

Suggest the error made by the student that caused this anomaly.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The student recorded the observed angle of rotation, αobs, for a sucrose solution of unknown
concentration as +3.75.

Determine the concentration of this sucrose solution in mol dm–3.

[Mr sucrose: 342]

concentration of sucrose = .............................. mol dm–3 [3]

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12

(e) The glass cell of 10 cm length is expensive, so one cell is used for all the solutions that are
placed in the polarimeter.

Suggest how you would ensure that the concentration of solution in the cell is accurate each
time the cell is used for the different sucrose solutions.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(f) Concentration of sucrose is the independent variable in this polarimeter experiment.

The glass cell of 10 cm length is replaced by a glass cell of 20 cm length. The 20 cm glass cell
is lled it . g c –3 sucrose solution.

Predict the value for the observed angle of rotation, αobs, for the sucrose solution of concentration
0.0750 g cm–3 when the 20 cm cell is used. Explain your answer.

predicted value = ..............................

explanation ................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(g) e ore t e angles o rotation o t e sucrose solutions are easured, t e glass cell is rst lled
with distilled water and the angle of rotation measured.

Explain why this measurement is taken.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 18]

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